1
|
Maung Ye SS, Kim S. A mechanistic model of cross-bridge migration in RBC aggregation and disaggregation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049878. [PMID: 36561046 PMCID: PMC9763627 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) clump together under low flow conditions in a process called RBC aggregation, which can alter RBC perfusion in a microvascular network. As elevated RBC aggregation is commonly associated with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, a better understanding of aggregation is essential. Unlike RBC aggregation in polymer solutions which can be well explained by polymer depletion theory, plasma-mediated RBC aggregation has features that best match explanations with cross-bridging mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated the dominant role of fibrinogen (Fg) in promoting aggregate formation and recent cell-force spectroscopy (CFS) experiments on interacting RBC doublets in plasma have reported an inverse relationship between disaggregation force and the adhesive contact area between RBCs. This has led investigators to revisit the hypothesis of inter-RBC cross-bridging which involves cross-bridge migration under interfacial tension during the forced disaggregation of RBC aggregates. In this study, we developed the cross-bridge migration model (CBMM) in plasma that mechanistically represents the migrating cross-bridge hypothesis. Transport of mobile Fg cross-bridges (mFg) was calculated using a convection-diffusion transport equation with our novel introduction of convective cross-bridge drift that arises due to intercellular friction. By parametrically transforming the diffusivity of mFg in the CBMM, we were able to match experimental observations of both RBC doublet formation kinematics and RBC doublet disaggregation forces under optical tweezers tension. We found that non-specific cross-bridging promotes spontaneous growth of adhesion area between RBC doublets whereas specific cross-bridging tends to prevent adhesion area growth. Our CBMM was also able to correlate Fg concentration shifts from healthy population blood plasma to SLE (lupus) condition blood plasma with the observed increase in doublet disaggregation forces for the RBC doublets in SLE plasma.
Collapse
|
2
|
Novel characteristics of soluble fibrin: hypercoagulability and acceleration of blood sedimentation rate mediated by its generation of erythrocyte-linked fibers. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:479-491. [PMID: 35275281 PMCID: PMC8913327 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soluble fibrin (SF) in blood consists of monomers lacking both fibrinopeptides A with a minor population in multimeric clusters. It is a substantial component of isolated fibrinogen (fg), which spontaneously self-assembles into protofibrils progressing to fibers at sub-physiologic temperatures, a process enhanced by adsorption to hydrophobic and some metal surfaces. Comparisons of SF-rich (FR) and SF-depleted (FD) fg isolates disclosed distinct molecular imprints of each via an adsorption/desorption procedure using gold surfaced silica microplates. Accelerated plasminogen activator-induced lysis and decreased stiffness (G′) of thrombin-induced FR fg clots were revealed by thomboelastography. Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) in afibrinogenemic plasma (Hematocrit 25–33%) was accelerated by FR fg nearly threefold that of FD fg. Stained smears disclosed frequent rouleaux formations and fibers linking stacked erythrocytes in contrast to no rouleaux by FD fg. Rouleaux formations were more pronounced at 4 °C than at ambient temperatures and at fiber-membrane contacts displayed irregular, knobby membrane contours. One of several FR fg isolates also displayed incomplete fiber networks in cell-free areas. What is more, pre-mixing FR fg with each of three monoclonal IgG anti-fg antibodies at 1.5 mol/mol fg, that inhibited fibrin polymerization, prevented rouleaux formation save occasional 2–4 erythrocyte aggregates. We conclude that spontaneously generated SF fibers bound to erythrocytes forming intercellular links culminating in rouleaux formation and ensuing ESR acceleration which in clinical settings reflects hypercoagulability. Also, the results can explain the reported fg binding to erythrocytes via ligands such as CD47, stable in vivo RBC aggregates in capillaries, and red areas of pathologic thrombi.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Mechanical properties have been extensively studied in pure elastic or viscous materials; however, most biomaterials possess both physical properties in a viscoelastic component. How the biomechanics of a fibrin clot is related to its composition and the microenvironment where it is formed is not yet fully understood. This review gives an outline of the building mechanisms for blood clot mechanical properties and how they relate to clot function. The formation of a blood clot in health conditions or the formation of a dangerous thrombus go beyond the mere polymerization of fibrinogen into a fibrin network. The complex composition and localization of in vivo fibrin clots demonstrate the interplay between fibrin and/or fibrinogen and blood cells. Studying these protein–cell interactions and clot mechanical properties may represent new methods for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases (the leading cause of death worldwide), creating new possibilities for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 51 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena A. Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assessment of Fibrinogen Macromolecules Interaction with Red Blood Cells Membrane by Means of Laser Aggregometry, Flow Cytometry, and Optical Tweezers Combined with Microfluidics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101448. [PMID: 33076409 PMCID: PMC7602533 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated concentration of fibrinogen in blood is a significant risk factor during many pathological diseases, as it leads to an increase in red blood cells (RBC) aggregation, resulting in hemorheological disorders. Despite the biomedical importance, the mechanisms of fibrinogen-induced RBC aggregation are still debatable. One of the discussed models is the non-specific adsorption of fibrinogen macromolecules onto the RBC membrane, leading to the cells bridging in aggregates. However, recent works point to the specific character of the interaction between fibrinogen and the RBC membrane. Fibrinogen is the major physiological ligand of glycoproteins receptors IIbIIIa (GPIIbIIIa or αIIββ3 or CD41/CD61). Inhibitors of GPIIbIIIa are widely used in clinics for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases as antiplatelets agents preventing the platelets’ aggregation. However, the effects of GPIIbIIIa inhibition on RBC aggregation are not sufficiently well studied. The objective of the present work was the complex multimodal in vitro study of the interaction between fibrinogen and the RBC membrane, revealing the role of GPIIbIIIa in the specificity of binding of fibrinogen by the RBC membrane and its involvement in the cells’ aggregation process. We demonstrate that GPIIbIIIa inhibition leads to a significant decrease in the adsorption of fibrinogen macromolecules onto the membrane, resulting in the reduction of RBC aggregation. We show that the mechanisms underlying these effects are governed by a decrease in the bridging components of RBC aggregation forces.
Collapse
|
5
|
DiRito JR, Hosgood SA, Reschke M, Albert C, Bracaglia LG, Ferdinand JR, Stewart BJ, Edwards CM, Vaish AG, Thiru S, Mulligan DC, Haakinson DJ, Clatworthy MR, Saltzman WM, Pober JS, Nicholson ML, Tietjen GT. Lysis of cold-storage-induced microvascular obstructions for ex vivo revitalization of marginal human kidneys. Am J Transplant 2020; 21:161-173. [PMID: 32627324 PMCID: PMC7775334 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of kidneys from higher-risk donors are discarded annually because of the increased likelihood of complications posttransplant. Given the severe organ shortage, there is a critical need to improve utilization of these organs. To this end, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as a platform for ex vivo assessment and potential repair of marginal organs. In a recent study of 8 transplant-declined human kidneys on NMP, we discovered microvascular obstructions that impaired microvascular blood flow. However, the nature and physiologic impact of these lesions were unknown. Here, in a study of 39 human kidneys, we have identified that prolonged cold storage of human kidneys induces accumulation of fibrinogen within tubular epithelium. Restoration of normoxic conditions-either ex vivo during NMP or in vivo following transplant-triggered intravascular release of fibrinogen correlating with red blood cell aggregation and microvascular plugging. Combined delivery of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator during NMP lysed the plugs leading to a significant reduction in markers of renal injury, improvement in indicators of renal function, and improved delivery of vascular-targeted nanoparticles. Our study suggests a new mechanism of cold storage injury in marginal organs and provides a simple treatment with immediate translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. DiRito
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Melanie Reschke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Claire Albert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura G. Bracaglia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anand G. Vaish
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sathia Thiru
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C. Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krüger-Genge A, Sternitzky R, Pindur G, Rampling M, Franke R, Jung F. Erythrocyte aggregation in relation to plasma proteins and lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jcb-189014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Krüger-Genge
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - G. Pindur
- Institute of Clinical Haemostasiology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - M. Rampling
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R.P. Franke
- Central Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - F. Jung
- Institute of Clinical Haemostasiology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guedes AF, Moreira C, Nogueira JB, Santos NC, Carvalho FA. Fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding and hemorheology measurements in the assessment of essential arterial hypertension patients. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2757-2766. [PMID: 30672545 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have reported a positive association between plasma fibrinogen levels, erythrocyte aggregation and essential arterial hypertension (EAH). The aim of this study was to understand how the interaction between fibrinogen and its erythrocyte membrane receptor is altered in EAH. EAH patients (n = 31) and healthy blood donors (n = 65) were enrolled in the study. EAH patients were therapeutically controlled for the disease, presenting a systolic blood pressure between 108 and 180 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure between 66 and 123 mmHg. Clinical evaluation included blood pressure monitoring, electrocardiography, echocardiography and blood cell count. The hemorheological parameters were also analyzed. Fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding force and frequency were evaluated quantitatively, at the single-molecule level, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Changes in erythrocyte elasticity were also evaluated. Force spectroscopy data showed that the average fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding forces increase from 40.4 ± 3.0 pN in healthy donors to 73.8 ± 8.1 pN in patients with EAH, despite a lower binding frequency for patients compared to the control group (7.9 ± 1.6% vs. 27.6 ± 4.2%, respectively). Elasticity studies revealed an increase of erythrocyte stiffness in the patients. The stronger fibrinogen binding to erythrocytes from EAH patients and alteration in cell elasticity may lead to changes in the whole blood flow. The patients' altered hemorheological parameters may also contribute to these blood flow perturbations. The transient bridging of two erythrocytes, by the simultaneous binding of fibrinogen to both of them, promoting erythrocyte aggregation, could represent an important cardiovascular risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carvalho FA, Guedes AF, Duval C, Macrae FL, Swithenbank L, Farrell DH, Ariëns RA, Santos NC. The 95RGD 97 sequence on the Aα chain of fibrinogen is essential for binding to its erythrocyte receptor. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1985-1992. [PMID: 29662311 PMCID: PMC5892956 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythrocyte aggregation, a cardiovascular risk factor, is increased by high plasma fibrinogen levels. Here, the effect of different fibrinogen mutations on binding to its human erythrocyte receptor was assessed in order to identify the interaction sites. Methods Three fibrinogen variants were tested, specifically mutated in their putative integrin recognition sites on the Aα chain (mutants D97E, D574E and D97E/D574E) and compared with wild-type fibrinogen. Results Atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy measurements showed a significant decrease both on the fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding force and on its frequency for fibrinogen with the D97E mutation, indicating that the corresponding arginine-glycine-aspartate sequence (residues 95-97) is involved in this interaction, and supporting that the fibrinogen receptor on erythrocytes has a β3 subunit. Changes in the fibrin clot network structure obtained with the D97E mutant were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion These findings may lead to innovative perspectives on the development of new therapeutic approaches to overcome the risks of fibrinogen-driven erythrocyte hyperaggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cedric Duval
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fraser L Macrae
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Luke Swithenbank
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David H Farrell
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert As Ariëns
- Theme Thrombosis, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yeow N, Tabor RF, Garnier G. Atomic force microscopy: From red blood cells to immunohaematology. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:149-162. [PMID: 28515013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers complementary imaging modes that can provide morphological and structural details of red blood cells (RBCs), and characterize interactions between specific biomolecules and RBC surface antigen. This review describes the applications of AFM in determining RBC health by the observation of cell morphology, elasticity and surface roughness. Measurement of interaction forces between plasma proteins and antibodies against RBC surface antigen using the AFM also brought new information to the immunohaematology field. With constant improvisation of the AFM in resolution and imaging time, the reaction of RBC to changes in the physico-chemistry of its environment and the presence of RBC surface antigen specific-biomolecules is achievable.
Collapse
|
10
|
Guedes AF, Carvalho FA, Moreira C, Nogueira JB, Santos NC. Essential arterial hypertension patients present higher cell adhesion forces, contributing to fibrinogen-dependent cardiovascular risk. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14897-14906. [PMID: 28949356 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03891g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase of erythrocyte aggregation by high fibrinogen levels may be an indicator of cardiovascular risk. γ' fibrinogen variant has been considered as a possible player in enhancing aggregation. Here, we assessed, at the single-cell level, the influence of fibrinogen on erythrocyte aggregation in essential arterial hypertension. We also aimed at understanding how γ' fibrinogen is altered in this disease. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we show that the work and force necessary for erythrocyte-erythrocyte detachment is higher for patients than for healthy donors, with these parameters further increasing in both groups when higher fibrinogen concentrations are present. This can be associated with changes in blood flow, due to transient bridging of two erythrocytes by fibrinogen, representing an important cardiovascular risk factor. γ' fibrinogen can influence the increased risk in essential arterial hypertension, as we demonstrate that its levels are significantly increased in these patients' blood. Nevertheless, this cannot be the only cause for the changes observed in the AFM data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Plasma proteins such as fibrinogen induce the aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) into rouleaux, which are responsible for the pronounced shear thinning behavior of blood, control the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – a common hematological test – and are involved in many situations of physiological relevance such as structuration of blood in the microcirculation or clot formation in pathological situations. Confocal microscopy is used to characterize the shape of RBCs within rouleaux at equilibrium as a function of macromolecular concentration, revealing the diversity of contact zone morphology. Three different configurations that have only been partly predicted before are identified, namely parachute, male-female and sigmoid shapes, and quantitatively recovered by numerical simulations. A detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of clusters of two cells shows that the deformation increases nonlinearly with the interaction energy. Models indicate a forward bifurcation in which the contacting membrane undergoes a buckling instability from a flat to a deformed contact zone at a critical value of the interaction energy. These results are not only relevant for the understanding of the morphology and stability of RBC aggregates, but also for a whole class of interacting soft deformable objects such as vesicles, capsules or cells in tissues.
Collapse
|
12
|
Baars T, Kahlert P, Baars A, Preibsch H, Rassaf T, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Influence of stent implantation on erythrocyte aggregation in human native coronary arteries and saphenous vein grafts. Microcirculation 2016; 23:637-645. [PMID: 27736045 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Baars
- Institute for Pathophysiology; West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen; University of Essen Medical School; Essen Germany
- Institute for Clinic of Cardiology; West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen; University of Essen Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Philipp Kahlert
- Institute for Clinic of Cardiology; West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen; University of Essen Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Albert Baars
- Department of Biomimetics; Hochschule of Bremen; City University of Applied Science; Bremen Germany
| | - Heike Preibsch
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Institute for Clinic of Cardiology; West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen; University of Essen Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology; West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen; University of Essen Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology; West German Heart and Vascular Centre Essen; University of Essen Medical School; Essen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guedes AF, Carvalho FA, Malho I, Lousada N, Sargento L, Santos NC. Atomic force microscopy as a tool to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:687-692. [PMID: 27183056 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The availability of biomarkers to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular diseases is limited. High fibrinogen levels have been identified as a relevant cardiovascular risk factor, but the biological mechanisms remain unclear. Increased aggregation of erythrocytes (red blood cells) has been linked to high plasma fibrinogen concentration. Here, we show, using atomic force microscopy, that the interaction between fibrinogen and erythrocytes is modified in chronic heart failure patients. Ischaemic patients showed increased fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding forces compared with non-ischaemic patients. Cell stiffness in both patient groups was also altered. A 12-month follow-up shows that patients with higher fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding forces initially were subsequently hospitalized more frequently. Our results show that atomic force microscopy can be a promising tool to identify patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Malho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lousada
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Pulido Valente, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Sargento
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Pulido Valente, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Factor XIIIa-dependent retention of red blood cells in clots is mediated by fibrin α-chain crosslinking. Blood 2015; 126:1940-8. [PMID: 26324704 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-652263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor XIII(a) [FXIII(a)] stabilizes clots and increases resistance to fibrinolysis and mechanical disruption. FXIIIa also mediates red blood cell (RBC) retention in contracting clots and determines venous thrombus size, suggesting FXIII(a) is a potential target for reducing thrombosis. However, the mechanism by which FXIIIa retains RBCs in clots is unknown. We determined the effect of FXIII(a) on human and murine clot weight and composition. Real-time microscopy revealed extensive RBC loss from clots formed in the absence of FXIIIa activity, and RBCs exhibited transient deformation as they exited the clots. Fibrin band-shift assays and flow cytometry did not reveal crosslinking of fibrin or FXIIIa substrates to RBCs, suggesting FXIIIa does not crosslink RBCs directly to the clot. RBCs were retained in clots from mice deficient in α2-antiplasmin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, or fibronectin, indicating RBC retention does not depend on these FXIIIa substrates. RBC retention in clots was positively correlated with fibrin network density; however, FXIIIa inhibition reduced RBC retention at all network densities. FXIIIa inhibition reduced RBC retention in clots formed with fibrinogen that lacks γ-chain crosslinking sites, but not in clots that lack α-chain crosslinking sites. Moreover, FXIIIa inhibitor concentrations that primarily block α-, but not γ-, chain crosslinking decreased RBC retention in clots. These data indicate FXIIIa-dependent retention of RBCs in clots is mediated by fibrin α-chain crosslinking. These findings expose a newly recognized, essential role for fibrin crosslinking during whole blood clot formation and consolidation and establish FXIIIa activity as a key determinant of thrombus composition and size.
Collapse
|
15
|
Walton BL, Byrnes JR, Wolberg AS. Fibrinogen, red blood cells, and factor XIII in venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13 Suppl 1:S208-15. [PMID: 26149026 PMCID: PMC5975093 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Among cardiovascular causes of death, venous thrombosis (VT) is ranked third most common in the world. Venous thrombi have high red blood cell and fibrin content; however, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to venous thrombus composition and stability are still poorly understood. This article reviews biological, biochemical, and biophysical contributions of fibrinogen, factor XIII, and red blood cells to VT, and new evidence suggesting interactions between these components mediate venous thrombus composition and size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Walton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J R Byrnes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu S, Yue SW, Liu Z, Zhang T, Xiang N, Fu H. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves microcirculation of volunteers with high blood viscosity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:14-22. [PMID: 25562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood viscosity is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other cardiovascular events. Our previous studies have suggested that consumption of Yerba mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) has strong antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties in animals. The in vivo effects of Yerba mate on blood viscosity in humans, however, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of Yerba mate tea on the reduction of blood viscosity and the improvement of microcirculatory parameters commonly regarded as risk factors for serious cardio and cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS 142 subjects with high blood viscosity were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Yerba mate tea or placebo (5 g/day) was administered to different groups for 6 weeks. After treatment, results of hemorheological indexes, nailfold microcirculation, 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 and lipid profiles of subjects in the Yerba mate tea group were compared with those in the placebo-receiving group. RESULTS Parameters of blood viscosity and microcirculation were improved in the subjects from the Yerba mate tea group but not in placebo-receiving patients. After treatment, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and the Equation K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESRK) decreased significantly in the Yerba mate group. Meanwhile, shape, flow state and nailfold microcirculation appeared positively changed. Specifically, blood flow speeds accelerated gradually and nailfold weighted integral values decreased significantly. Moreover, the vasodilator 6-keto PGF1α increased while the thromboxane TXB2 decreased in serum samples of subjects in the Yerba mate-receiving group. Overall, Yerba mate tea-receiving subjects saw nearly all measured values improve to levels comparable to those characteristic of patients with normal microcirculation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the therapeutic capacity of Yerba mate tea in the treatment of high blood viscosity. Here, Yerba mate tea played a role in the regulation of various indexes of hemorheology, nailfold microcirculation, and the platelet aggregating factors 6-keto-PGF1a and TXB2. The regulation of these might be correlated with reduced blood viscosity and accelerating blood flow. Thus, Yerba mate tea may reduce some key risk-factors of cardiovascular disease. Daily consumption of Yerba mate tea may be a better-tolerated option for individuals with high blood viscosity and microcirculatory disturbance and as such, a novel preventative strategy for patients at-risk for vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Shou wei Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Zhaochun Liu
- International Education College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655#, College Road, College Town, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Tiefeng Zhang
- Department of gastroenterology, Shandong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine, 1#, Jingba Road, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- Information Management College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655#, College Road, College Town, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong 250355, PR China.
| | - Hui Fu
- Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Swanepoel AC, Pretorius E. Erythrocyte-platelet interaction in uncomplicated pregnancy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1848-1860. [PMID: 25470019 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614013518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal and fetal requirements during uncomplicated pregnancy are associated with changes in the hematopoietic system. Platelets and erythrocytes [red blood cells (RBCs)], and especially their membranes, are involved in coagulation, and their interactions may provide reasons for the changed hematopoietic system during uncomplicated pregnancy. We review literature regarding RBC and platelet membrane structure and interactions during hypercoagulability and hormonal changes. We then study interactions between RBCs and platelets in uncomplicated pregnancy, as their interactions may be one of the reasons for increased hypercoagulability during uncomplicated pregnancy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study whole blood smears from 90 pregnant females in different phases of pregnancy. Pregnancy-specific interaction was seen between RBCs and platelets. Typically, one or more platelets interacted through platelet spreading and pseudopodia formation with a single RBC. However, multiple interactions with RBCs were also shown for a single platelet. Specific RBC-platelet interaction seen during uncomplicated pregnancy may be caused by increased estrogen and/or increased fibrinogen concentrations. This interaction may contribute to the hypercoagulable state associated with healthy and uncomplicated pregnancy and may also play a fundamental role in gestational thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albe C Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pretoria,Private Bag x323;Arcadia 0007,South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pretoria,Private Bag x323;Arcadia 0007,South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Cines and colleagues discover that red blood cells take up an unusual, and hitherto undiscovered, shape that contributes to blood clotting.
Collapse
|
19
|
The plasma protein fibrinogen stabilizes clusters of red blood cells in microcapillary flows. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4348. [PMID: 24614613 PMCID: PMC3949293 DOI: 10.1038/srep04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen and nutrients and the disposal of metabolic waste in the organs depend strongly on how blood, especially red blood cells, flow through the microvascular network. Macromolecular plasma proteins such as fibrinogen cause red blood cells to form large aggregates, called rouleaux, which are usually assumed to be disaggregated in the circulation due to the shear forces present in bulk flow. This leads to the assumption that rouleaux formation is only relevant in the venule network and in arterioles at low shear rates or stasis. Thanks to an excellent agreement between combined experimental and numerical approaches, we show that despite the large shear rates present in microcapillaries, the presence of either fibrinogen or the synthetic polymer dextran leads to an enhanced formation of robust clusters of red blood cells, even at haematocrits as low as 1%. Robust aggregates are shown to exist in microcapillaries even for fibrinogen concentrations within the healthy physiological range. These persistent aggregates should strongly affect cell distribution and blood perfusion in the microvasculature, with putative implications for blood disorders even within apparently asymptomatic subjects.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang C, Yadavalli VK. Investigating biomolecular recognition at the cell surface using atomic force microscopy. Micron 2014; 60:5-17. [PMID: 24602267 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Probing the interaction forces that drive biomolecular recognition on cell surfaces is essential for understanding diverse biological processes. Force spectroscopy has been a widely used dynamic analytical technique, allowing measurement of such interactions at the molecular and cellular level. The capabilities of working under near physiological environments, combined with excellent force and lateral resolution make atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy a powerful approach to measure biomolecular interaction forces not only on non-biological substrates, but also on soft, dynamic cell surfaces. Over the last few years, AFM-based force spectroscopy has provided biophysical insight into how biomolecules on cell surfaces interact with each other and induce relevant biological processes. In this review, we focus on describing the technique of force spectroscopy using the AFM, specifically in the context of probing cell surfaces. We summarize recent progress in understanding the recognition and interactions between macromolecules that may be found at cell surfaces from a force spectroscopy perspective. We further discuss the challenges and future prospects of the application of this versatile technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sheremet’ev YA, Popovicheva AN, Egorihina MN, Levin GY. Study of the relationship between shape and aggregation change in human erythrocytes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sheremet’ev YA, Popovicheva AN, Levin GY. Effects of Storage Duration and Temperature of Human Plasma and Serum on Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Shape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2013.34026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Fu F, Xu X, Geng J. Characterization of flowing blood optical property under various fibrinogen levels using optical coherence tomography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:2613-8. [PMID: 22801485 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2207899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of characterization of human blood fibrinogen levels using optical coherence tomography (OCT) was investigated. Three groups of blood samples were reconstituted of red blood cells: 1) phosphate-buffered saline; 2) plasma with its intrinsic fibrinogen removed and commercial fibrinogen added; and 3) native plasma with various fibrinogen levels (0-12 g/L). OCT signal slope (OCTSS) of blood was extracted from OCT depth-reflectivity profiles. Effects of hematocrit (HCT) and blood flow on OCTSS of the blood under various fibrinogen concentrations were also studied. The results of blood flowing at 5 mm/s showed that OCTSS of all the three groups at HCT of 40% decreases with the increasing fibrinogen concentration up to a certain level, i. e., >8, 6, and 4 g/L for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The blood of group 2 at HCTs of 30%, 40%, and 50% had a rapid decrease in OCTSS in the range of fibrinogen concentration of 0-2, 0-6, and 0-10 g/L, respectively. OCTSS value of blood flowing at 2.5 mm/s was lower than that at 5 mm/s at each fibrinogen concentration. In conclusion, OCTSS has a strong correlation with plasma fibrinogen concentration, and has the potential to identify the abnormal level of human blood fibrinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Fu
- School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carvalho FA, Santos NC. Atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy--biological and biomedical applications. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:465-72. [PMID: 22550017 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) applied to biological systems to generate high resolution images is gaining a wider acceptance. However, the most remarkable advances are being achieved on the use of the AFM to measure inter- and intramolecular interaction forces with piconewton resolution, not only to demonstrate this ability but also actually to solve biological and biomedical relevant questions. Single-molecule force spectroscopy recognition studies enable the detection of specific interaction forces, based on the AFM sensitivity and the possibility of manipulating individual molecules. In this review, we describe the basic principles of this methodology and some of the practical aspects involved. The ability to measure interactions at the single-molecule level is illustrated by some relevant examples. A special focus is given to the study of the fibrinogen-erythrocyte binding and its relevance as a cardiovascular risk factor. An approach to the latter problem by single-molecule force spectroscopy allowed the molecular recognition, characterization, and partial identification of a previously unknown receptor for fibrinogen on human erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Oliveira S, Vitorino de Almeida V, Calado A, Rosário HS, Saldanha C. Integrin-associated protein (CD47) is a putative mediator for soluble fibrinogen interaction with human red blood cells membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:481-90. [PMID: 22079249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a multifunctional plasma protein that plays a crucial role in several biological processes. Elevated fibrinogen induces erythrocyte hyperaggregation, suggesting an interaction between this protein and red blood cells (RBCs). Several studies support the concept that fibrinogen interacts with RBC membrane and this binding, due to specific and non-specific mechanisms, may be a trigger to RBC hyperaggregation in inflammation. The main goals of our work were to prove that human RBCs are able to specifically bind soluble fibrinogen, and identify membrane molecular targets that could be involved in this process. RBCs were first isolated from blood of healthy individuals and then separated in different age fractions by discontinuous Percoll gradients. After isolation RBC samples were incubated with human soluble fibrinogen and/or with a blocking antibody against CD47 followed by fluorescence confocal microscopy, flow cytometry acquisitions and zeta potential measurements. Our data show that soluble fibrinogen interacts with the human RBC membrane in an age-dependent manner, with younger RBCs interacting more with soluble fibrinogen than the older cells. Importantly, this interaction is abrogated in the presence of a specific antibody against CD47. Our results support a specific and age-dependent interaction of soluble fibrinogen with human RBC membrane; additionally we present CD47 as a putative mediator in this process. This interaction may contribute to RBC hyperaggregation in inflammation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang Y, Koo S, Xia Y, Venkatraman S, Neu B. Non-Adsorbing Macromolecules in Plasma Induce Erythrocyte Adhesion to the Endothelium. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2989-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
27
|
Wohner N, Sótonyi P, Machovich R, Szabó L, Tenekedjiev K, Silva MMCG, Longstaff C, Kolev K. Lytic resistance of fibrin containing red blood cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2306-13. [PMID: 21737785 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.229088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial thrombi contain variable amounts of red blood cells (RBCs), which interact with fibrinogen through an eptifibatide-sensitive receptor and modify the structure of fibrin. In this study, we evaluated the modulator role of RBCs in the lytic susceptibility of fibrin. METHODS AND RESULTS If fibrin is formed at increasing RBC counts, scanning electron microscopy evidenced a decrease in fiber diameter from 150 to 96 nm at 40% (v/v) RBCs, an effect susceptible to eptifibatide inhibition (restoring 140 nm diameter). RBCs prolonged the lysis time in a homogeneous-phase fibrinolytic assay with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) by up to 22.7±1.6%, but not in the presence of eptifibatide. Confocal laser microscopy using green fluorescent protein-labeled tPA and orange fluorescent fibrin showed that 20% to 40% (v/v) RBCs significantly slowed down the dissolution of the clots. The fluorescent tPA variant did not accumulate on the surface of fibrin containing RBCs at any cell count above 10%. The presence of RBCs in the clot suppressed the tPA-induced plasminogen activation, resulting in 45% less plasmin generated after 30 minutes of activation at 40% (v/v) RBCs. CONCLUSIONS RBCs confer lytic resistance to fibrin resulting from modified fibrin structure and impaired plasminogen activation through a mechanism that involves eptifibatide-sensitive fibrinogen-RBC interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Wohner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carvalho FA, de Oliveira S, Freitas T, Gonçalves S, Santos NC. Variations on fibrinogen-erythrocyte interactions during cell aging. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18167. [PMID: 21464904 PMCID: PMC3065490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte hyperaggregation, a cardiovascular risk factor, is considered to be caused by an increase in plasma adhesion proteins, particularly fibrinogen. We have recently reported a specific binding between fibrinogen and an erythrocyte integrin receptor with a β(3) or β(3)-like subunit. In this study we evaluate the influence of erythrocyte aging on the fibrinogen binding. By atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy measurements we found that increasing erythrocyte age, there is a decrease of the binding to fibrinogen by decreasing the frequency of its occurrence but not its force. This observation is reinforced by zeta-potential and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. We conclude that upon erythrocyte aging the number of fibrinogen molecules bound to each cell decreases significantly, due to the progressive impairment of the specific fibrinogen-erythrocyte receptor interaction. Knowing that younger erythrocytes bind more to fibrinogen, we could presume that this population is the main contributor to the cardiovascular diseases associated with increased fibrinogen content in blood, which could disturb the blood flow. Our data also show that the sialic acids exposed on the erythrocyte membrane contribute for the interaction with fibrinogen, possibly by facilitating its binding to the erythrocyte membrane receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena A. Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Freitas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carvalho FA, Connell S, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Pereira SV, Tavares A, Ariëns RAS, Santos NC. Atomic force microscopy-based molecular recognition of a fibrinogen receptor on human erythrocytes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4609-4620. [PMID: 20731444 DOI: 10.1021/nn1009648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The established hypothesis for the increase on erythrocyte aggregation associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular pathologies is based on an increase on plasma adhesion proteins concentration, particularly fibrinogen. Fibrinogen-induced erythrocyte aggregation has been considered to be caused by its nonspecific binding to erythrocyte membranes. In contrast, platelets are known to have a fibrinogen integrin receptor expressed on the membrane surface (the membrane glycoprotein complex alpha(IIb)beta(3)). We demonstrate, by force spectroscopy measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM), the existence of a single molecule interaction between fibrinogen and an unknown receptor on the erythrocyte membrane, with a lower but comparable affinity relative to platelet binding (average fibrinogen--erythrocyte and --platelet average (un)binding forces were 79 and 97 pN, respectively). This receptor is not as strongly influenced by calcium and eptifibatide (an alpha(IIb)beta(3) specific inhibitor) as the platelet receptor. However, its inhibition by eptifibatide indicates that it is an alpha(IIb)beta(3)-related integrin. Results obtained for a Glanzmann thrombastenia (a rare hereditary bleeding disease caused by alpha(IIb)beta(3) deficiency) patient show (for the first time) an impaired fibrinogen--erythrocyte binding. Correlation with genetic sequencing data demonstrates that one of the units of the fibrinogen receptor on erythrocytes is a product of the expression of the beta(3) gene, found to be mutated in this patient. This work demonstrates and validates the applicability of AFM-based force spectroscopy as a highly sensitive, rapid and low operation cost nanotool for the diagnostic of genetic mutations resulting in hematological diseases, with an unbiased functional evaluation of their severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shin PK, Pawar P, Konstantopoulos K, Ross JM. Characteristics of new Staphylococcus aureus-RBC adhesion mechanism independent of fibrinogen and IgG under hydrodynamic shear conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C727-34. [PMID: 15888554 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00034.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection begins when bacterial cells circulating in blood adhere to components of the extracellular matrix or endothelial cells of the host and initiate colonization. S. aureus is known to exhibit extensive interactions with platelets. S. aureus is also known to bind to red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen and IgG. Herein we report a new binding mechanism of S. aureus to RBC independent of those plasma proteins. To characterize the new adhesion mechanism, we experimentally examine the binding kinetics and molecular constituents mediating the new adhesive interactions between S. aureus and RBCs under defined shear conditions. The results demonstrate that the receptors for fibrinogen (clumping factor A) and IgG (protein A) of S. aureus are not involved in the adhesion. S. aureus binds to RBCs with maximal adhesion at the shear rate 100 s(-1) and decreasing adhesion with increasing shear. The heteroaggregates formed after shear are stable when subjected to the shear rate 2,000 s(-1), indicating that intercellular contact time rather than shear forces controls the adhesion at high shear. S. aureus binding to RBC requires plasma, and 10% plasma is sufficient for maximal adhesion. Plasma proteins involved in the cell-cell adhesion, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, IgG, thrombospondin, laminin, and vitronectin are not involved in the observed adhesion. The extent of heteroaggregation is dramatically reduced on RBC treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or neuraminidase, suggesting that the receptor(s) mediating the heteroaggregation process is a sialylated glycoprotein on RBC surface. Adhesion is divalent cation dependent and also blocked by heparin. This work demonstrates a new mechanism of S. aureus-RBC binding under hydrodynamic shear conditions via unknown RBC sialoglycoprotein(s). The binding requires plasma protein(s) other than fibrinogen or IgG and does not involve the S. aureus adhesins clumping factor A or protein A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pyong Kyun Shin
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Armstrong JK, Wenby RB, Meiselman HJ, Fisher TC. The hydrodynamic radii of macromolecules and their effect on red blood cell aggregation. Biophys J 2004; 87:4259-70. [PMID: 15361408 PMCID: PMC1304934 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.047746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of nonionic polymers on human red blood cell (RBC) aggregation were investigated. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500-2,000,000) were calculated from their intrinsic viscosities using the Einstein viscosity relation and directly measured by quasi-elastic light scattering, and the effect of each polymer sample on RBC aggregation was studied by nephelometry and low-shear viscometry. For all three polymers, despite their different structures, samples with Rh <4 nm were found to inhibit aggregation, whereas those with Rh >4 nm enhanced aggregation. Inhibition increased with Rh and was maximal at approximately 3 nm; above 4 nm the pro-aggregant effect increased with Rh. For comparison, the Rh of 12 plasma proteins were calculated from literature values of intrinsic viscosity or diffusion coefficient. Each protein known to promote RBC aggregation had Rh >4 nm, whereas those with Rh <4 nm either inhibited or had no effect on aggregation. These results suggest that the influence of a nonionic polymer or plasma protein on RBC aggregation is simply a consequence of its size in an aqueous environment, and that the specific type of macromolecule is of minor importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Armstrong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rastegar R, Harnick DJ, Weidemann P, Fuster V, Coller B, Badimon JJ, Chesebro J, Goldman ME. Spontaneous echo contrast videodensity is flow-related and is dependent on the relative concentrations of fibrinogen and red blood cells. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41:603-10. [PMID: 12598072 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of the present study were to: 1) determine whether fibrinogen (Fg) is the plasma protein responsible for spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), and 2) investigate modulators of SEC. BACKGROUND Spontaneous echo contrast has been linked to the development of thromboemboli. The blood products and their interaction responsible for SEC formation have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Blood echogenicity was examined with the use of quantitative videodensitometry over a controlled range of flow velocities in an in vitro model. Human blood samples were analyzed in a manner to methodically eliminate individual blood components from whole blood to determine which components are responsible for the formation of SEC. RESULTS The videodensity (VD) of whole blood was found to be flow-dependent, with higher VD at lower flow rates, and correlated with visually dense SEC. The following blood products produced faint VD values: washed red blood cells (wRBCs), platelet-depleted plasma, Fg, defibrinated plasma, wRBCs plus defibrinated plasma, and physiologic saline. The VD of wRBCs increased incrementally as increasing concentrations of Fg were added. At each hematocrit (Hct) range, as Fg concentration increased, the SEC became denser, and the VD level also increased until a plateau level was reached that was distinct for each Hct. The addition of sialic acid, which inhibits RBC-RBC aggregation, decreased the amount of SEC, even in the presence of Fg. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that Fg-mediated RBC aggregation may be responsible for SEC generation. Furthermore, a unique stoichiometric relationship exists between Fg and RBC concentrations that is necessary for blood echogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymonda Rastegar
- Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Game L, Voegel JC, Schaaf P, Stoltz JF. Do physiological concentrations of IgG induce a direct aggregation of red blood cells: comparison with fibrinogen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1291:138-42. [PMID: 8898874 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(96)00056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, red blood cells (RBCs) form aggregates that allow blood flow in all the circulatory system. RBC aggregation is the result of local flow shear stress, erythrocyte properties and macromolecular interactions between adjacent cells. Plasma proteins like fibrinogen or IgG are considered to promote RBC aggregation by a mechanism that remains to be explained. In the present study, we have examined the precise role of IgG on RBC fast-phase aggregation, in comparison with that of fibrinogen. Under our experimental conditions, we observed no fast-phase aggregating effect for IgG, at either physiological or supraphysiological concentrations, while fibrinogen induces strong aggregation of RBC. We also suspect the other plasma proteins to play a role in the RBC aggregating process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Game
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, INSERM U424, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Keddad K, Razavian SM, Baussan C, Chalas J, Abella A, Levenson J, Simon A, Moatti N, Legrand A. Blood lipids and rheological modifications in glycogen storage disease. Clin Biochem 1996; 29:73-8. [PMID: 8929828 DOI: 10.1016/0009-9120(95)02014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperlipidemia is a feature of liver glycogen storage disease (GSD). Recent studies have suggested that rheological mechanisms such as elevated erythrocyte aggregation may be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic syndromes associated with hyperlipidemia. DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated erythrocyte aggregation, lipids, and circulatory proteins in the blood of 24 patients affected with GSD, aged from 1 to 23 years (mean = 8) and 26 controls aged from 1 to 28 years (mean = 9). RESULTS The aggregation results were much higher in patients than controls. The lipid data showed a mixed hyperlipidemia with predominant hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, apoA-I and LpA-I/A-II, and high apoB as compared with controls. However, the LpA-I was not significantly different from controls. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, patients with GSD presented hyperlipidemia and elevated erythrocyte aggregation such that they are at long-term risk of ischemic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Keddad
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hopital de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Erythrocyte aggregation and sedimentation is determined by the concentration of high molecular plasma proteins such as fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. The role of albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, is controversial. We analysed the influence of human albumin (0-80 g L-1) on sedimentation behaviour of erythrocytes suspended (haematocrit 35%) in fibrinogen-enriched normal plasma, plasma from patients with hypoalbuminaemia, solutions of dextran 70 in buffer, and mixtures of fibrinogen, immunoglobulins and albumin in buffer. Sedimentation was measured by the Westergren method, viscometry was performed at low and high shear rate. The addition of albumin to normal plasma, hypoalbuminaemic plasma, or dextran solutions in buffer decreased the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In contrast, in a mixture of fibrinogen and immunoglobulins in buffer, albumin increased erythrocyte sedimentation. When either fibrinogen or immunoglobulins were omitted, or fibrinogen was replaced by dextran, albumin did not increase sedimentation, which indicates that increased sedimentation was due to an interaction of all three compounds. The viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions was increased by albumin. It is concluded that the influence of albumin on erythrocyte aggregation is complex and depends on the technique used; low shear viscosity is increased, but erythrocyte sedimentation, i.e. under no flow conditions, is decreased. The inhibitory action of albumin on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate has clinical implications and must be known by physicians. It may help to interpret sedimentation rates more correctly and prevent misinterpreting presumed therapeutic successes or failures.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hamard P, Hamard H, Dufaux J, Quesnot S. Optic nerve head blood flow using a laser Doppler velocimeter and haemorheology in primary open angle glaucoma and normal pressure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1994; 78:449-53. [PMID: 8060927 PMCID: PMC504821 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.78.6.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Optic disc blood flow velocity was measured in healthy patients, those with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and patients with normal pressure glaucoma (NPG). The velocity of the red blood cells (RBCs) in the capillaries of the optic nerve head (ONH) has been measured with a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV), and blood viscosity has been evaluated notably by determining the aggregability of the RBCs with an erythroaggregameter. Our results in POAG patients and NPG patients showed that their optic nerve blood flow velocity was reduced and that the aggregability of the RBCs was increased. The hyperaggregability of the erythrocytes is responsible for the increase of the local viscosity in the papillary capillary network. These haemodynamic modifications observed in patients with glaucoma support the hypothesis of a vasogenic mechanism that could impair the optic nerve in glaucoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Hamard
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hamard P, Hamard H, Dufaux J. Blood flow rate in the microvasculature of the optic nerve head in primary open angle glaucoma. A new approach. Surv Ophthalmol 1994; 38 Suppl:S87-93; discussion S94. [PMID: 7940152 DOI: 10.1016/0039-6257(94)90051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the optic nerve head perfusion in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), we measured the velocity of the red blood cells (RBCs) in the capillaries of the optic nerve head with a laser-Doppler velocimeter and evaluated the blood viscosity by determining the capacity of the RBCs to disaggregate with an erythroaggregameter. Our results showed that in POAG patients optic nerve blood velocity was reduced and that the aggregability of the RBCs was increased. The two parameters were not significantly correlated, possibly because of local papillary autoregulation and anatomical variability in the papilla vessels. These two factors could explain why the same rheological anomaly in two subjects could lead to different responses in blood velocity. The RBC hyperaggregability cannot be explained by quantitative modifications of the plasma proteins. Modifications in the membrane of the RBCs could indeed be responsible for hyperaggregability, since our data suggest that deformability of the RBCs is impaired in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Hamard
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Izumida Y, Seiyama A, Maeda N. Erythrocyte aggregation: bridging by macromolecules and electrostatic repulsion by sialic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1067:221-6. [PMID: 1652285 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90047-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Relation between aggregating force (of fibrinogen and IgG) and disaggregating force (due to electrostatic repulsion among erythrocytes) in erythrocyte aggregation was investigated with a rheoscope combining a video camera, an image analyzer and a computer. (i) Erythrocyte aggregation was augmented with the increase of molecular weight of bridging macromolecules as far as examined for fibrinogen and the degradation products and IgG and the related macromolecules, and the augmentation seemed to be dependent on the molecular length of macromolecules. In accelerating the erythrocyte aggregation, fibrinogen was more effective than IgG, and some interaction between fibrinogen and IgG in their coexistence was suggested. (ii) The decrease of sialic acid content on the erythrocyte surface accelerated IgG-induced erythrocyte aggregation much greater than fibrinogen-induced one. (iii) Counteraction between aggregating force and disaggregating force in leading to erythrocyte aggregation was discussed relating to molecular length of bridging macromolecule and electrostatic repulsive force by sialic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Izumida
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University Shigenobu, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Two main subjects of erythrocyte rheology, deformation and aggregation, are discussed in detail, on the basis of biochemical structure. The close relationship between the life span (or cell aging) and the rheology of individual erythrocytes is also briefly described. A currently important problem is emphasized, that is, the molecular aspect of the dynamic cytoskeletal structure and the mechanism of its regulation. This concerns not only the rheological function and the survival of circulating erythrocytes, but also the pathophysiology of abnormal erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Shiga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Friederichs E, Winkler H, Tillmann W. Influence of the red blood cell Ca2+-ion concentration on the erythrocyte aggregation in stasis. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1989; 41:85-92. [PMID: 2470395 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(89)90013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ ions were transported into the cell by incubation of the erythrocyte suspension with ionophore A23187, a lipophil electric neutral ion complexing substance. Erythrocyte aggregation could be increased twice, when doubling the intracellular Ca2+-ion concentration. Our measurements lead to the suggestion that an increase of the cytoplasmatic Ca2+ ion changes the physical and/or biochemical properties of the aggregation receptors on the membrane surface, i.e., cell-protein interactions are regulated by alteration of the intracellular Ca2+-ion concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Friederichs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|