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Improved Enzymatic Assay and Inhibition Analysis of Redox Membranotropic Enzymes, AtGALDH and TcGAL, Using a Reversed Micellar System. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversed micelles are helpful to solubilize otherwise insoluble membranotropic or membrane-bound enzymes in their functional form, thus enabling activity assay and inhibition analysis. However, in the case of redox enzymes, this task is further complicated by the necessity to select an appropriate electron-acceptor (EA) which, ideally, should be compatible with spectrophotometric measurements in reversed micelles. Here, we have identified such an EA and successfully used it in a reversed micellar environment to assay the activity of two homologous enzymes from mitochondria: l-galactone-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3) from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGALDH) and galactonolactone oxidase (EC 1.3.3.12) from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcGAL), differing in their membranotropic properties, with TcGAL being almost insoluble in water and particularly difficult to assay. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the possibility to use this assay for inhibition analysis, with an elucidation of the mechanism and inhibition parameters, which otherwise could not be possible. In order to perform inhibition analysis, we improved the approach for the determination of activity of such membrane enzymes based on a reversed micellar system as membrane matrix, necessary for the functioning of membrane enzymes. A number of electron acceptors (EA) were tested for AtGALDH and optimal conditions of activity determination for AtGALDH were found. The suggested method was successfully applied to the study of the inhibition of AtGALDH by lycorine, and the mixed competitive mechanism of inhibition of AtGALDH by lycorine was determined. The developed approach to inhibitor analysis was applied for TcGAL, insoluble in water membrane, and the method provides new opportunities for searching effective inhibitors that may be potential drugs. Indeed, galactonolactone oxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcGAL) and AtGALDH are homologues, and the inhibition of TcGAL stops the vital biosynthesis of vitamin C in parasite Trypanosoma cruzi from causing Chagas disease. The approach proposed can be applied for the screening of inhibitors of AtGALDH and TcGAL, as well as to study properties of other membrane enzymes including determination of the mechanisms of inhibition, structure and catalytic properties, the impact of membrane components (for example lipids), and so on.
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2
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Li H, Deng Y, Du S, Liu C, Li K, Xue X, Xu H, Zhang Y, Yi T, Gao X. Asymmetric Sulfoxidation of Thioether Catalyzed by Soybean Pod Shell Peroxidase to Form Enantiopure Sulfoxide in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions: A Kinetic Model. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2075-2086. [PMID: 34121354 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Esomeprazole with chiral sulfoxides structure is used to treat gastric ulcer disease. Soybean pod shell peroxidase (SPSP) is a peroxidase extracted from soybean pods shells which are one of the most abundant natural resources in the world. In the production of chiral sulfoxides catalyzed by SPSP, it is very important to establish the reaction kinetic model and explore the reaction mechanism for the development of the process, however, there is no report on the establishment of the model. Asymmetric sulfoxidation reactions catalyzed by SPSP in water-in-oil microemulsions were carried out, and the King-Altman approach was used to establish a kinetic model. A yield of 91% and e.e. value of 96% for esomeprazole were obtained at the activity of SPSP of 3200 U ml-1 and 50 °C for 5 h. The mechanism with a two-electron reduction of SPSP-I is accompanied with a single-electron transfer to SPSP-I and nonenzymatic reactions, indicating that three concomitant sub-mechanisms contribute to the asymmetric oxidation involving five enzymatic and two nonenzymatic reactions, which can represent the asymmetric sulfoxidation of organic sulfides to form enantiopure sulfoxides. With 5.44% of the average relative deviation, a kinetic model fitting experimental data was developed. The enzymatic reactions may follow ping-pong mechanism with substrate inhibition of H2 O2 and product inhibition of esomeprazole, while nonenzymatic reactions follow a power law. Those results indicate that SPSP with a lower cost and higher thermal stability may be used as an effective substitute for horseradish peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yashan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - ShanShan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Tingting Yi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong St, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 70, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemieder Rheinischen, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Bioremediation of phenolic pollutant bisphenol A using optimized reverse micelles system of Trametes versicolor laccase in non-aqueous environment. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:297. [PMID: 34136334 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, there is increased public interest and indeed strong movement against the use of Bisphenol A (4,4'-(propane-2,2,-diphenol)) due to its endocrine disrupting properties. In the present study, biotransformation of Bisphenol A (BPA) was accomplished using Trametes versicolor laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2) enzyme. The enzyme was entrapped in reverse micelles comprising of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) for non-aqueous catalysis considering hydrophobicity of BPA. Screening of various parameters that may affect micellar system was carried out using Plackett-Burman experimental design and central composite design (Design Expert 11). According to Design Expert actual concentration of different variables was 0.55, 150 (Wo 30), 0.0035 mM and 175 µg/ml for Mg+2ions, Hydration ratio (Wo), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6 DMP, substrate) and laccase, respectively, at 40 °C and pH 4.5. Under these conditions laccase activity in reverse micelles was increased two folds as compared to unoptimized micellar system. It was evident that the reverse micelles diameter was linearly proportionated to the amount of laccase enzyme incorporated. BPA bioremediation mediated by laccase in non-aqueous environment was found to be 84% in 8 h of treatment. Biotransformation of BPA was monitored using GC-MS. BPA degraded products, such as BPA-O-catechol and 4,4 (Ethane 2-oxy 2-ol) diphenol were identified indicating transformation by oxidation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02842-4.
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4
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Versatility of Reverse Micelles: From Biomimetic Models to Nano (Bio)Sensor Design. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the principal structural and dynamics characteristics of reverse micelles (RMs) in order to highlight their structural flexibility and versatility, along with the possibility to modulate their parameters in a controlled manner. The multifunctionality in a large range of different scientific fields is exemplified in two distinct directions: a theoretical model for mimicry of the biological microenvironment and practical application in the field of nanotechnology and nano-based sensors. RMs represent a convenient experimental approach that limits the drawbacks of the conventionally biological studies in vitro, while the particular structure confers them the status of simplified mimics of cells by reproducing a complex supramolecular organization in an artificial system. The biological relevance of RMs is discussed in some particular cases referring to confinement and a crowded environment, as well as the molecular dynamics of water and a cell membrane structure. The use of RMs in a range of applications seems to be more promising due to their structural and compositional flexibility, high efficiency, and selectivity. Advances in nanotechnology are based on developing new methods of nanomaterial synthesis and deposition. This review highlights the advantages of using RMs in the synthesis of nanoparticles with specific properties and in nano (bio)sensor design.
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5
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Mitsou E, Kalogianni EP, Georgiou D, Stamatis H, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Formulation and Structural Study of a Biocompatible Water-in-Oil Microemulsion as an Appropriate Enzyme Carrier: The Model Case of Horseradish Peroxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:150-160. [PMID: 30521342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel biocompatible water-in-oil microemulsion was developed using nonionic surfactants and was investigated as a potential enzyme delivery system for pharmaceutical applications. The system was composed of isopropyl myristate/polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)/distilled monoglycerides/water/propylene glycol (PG), had a low total surfactant concentration (8.3% w/w), and was able to incorporate approximately 3% w/w aqueous phase containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Structural and activity aspects of the system were studied using a variety of techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and dynamic interfacial tension. The apparent hydrodynamic diameter of the empty droplets was calculated at about 37 nm. Different enzyme concentrations, ranging from 0.01 to 1.39 μM, were used for both DLS and EPR studies to effectively determine the localization of the macromolecule in the microemulsion. According to the results, for high enzyme concentrations, a participation of HRP in the surfactant monolayer of the microemulsion is evident. The number of reverse micelles in the microemulsion was defined by a theoretical model and was used to clarify how the enzyme concentration affects the number of empty and loaded reverse micelles. To assure that the system allows the enzyme to retain its catalytic activity, an oxidative reaction catalyzed by HRP was successfully carried out with the use of the model substrate 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]. The influence of several parameters such as temperature, pH, and PG concentration was examined to optimize the reaction conditions, and a kinetic study was conducted revealing an ordered-Bi-Bi mechanism. Values of all kinetic parameters were determined. The release of the encapsulated enzyme was studied using an adequate receiver phase, revealing the effectiveness of the proposed microemulsion not only as a microreactor but also as a carrier for therapeutic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Mitsou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies , University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Eleni P Kalogianni
- Department of Food Technology , Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki , P.O. Box 141, 57400 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Despoina Georgiou
- Department of Food Technology , Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki , P.O. Box 141, 57400 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies , University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Zoumpanioti
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
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6
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Abstract
Palmitoylation or S-acylation is the posttranslational attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues and is common among integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Palmitoylated proteins have been found in every eukaryotic cell type examined (yeast, insect, and vertebrate cells), as well as in viruses grown in these cells. The exact functions of protein palmitoylation are not well understood. Intrinsically hydrophilic proteins, especially signaling molecules, are anchored by long-chain fatty acids to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. Palmitoylation may also promote targeting to membrane subdomains enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol or affect protein-protein interactions.This chapter describes (1) a standard protocol for metabolic labeling of palmitoylated proteins and also the procedures to prove a covalent and ester-type linkage of the fatty acids, (2) a simple method to analyze the fatty acid content of S-acylated proteins, (3) two methods to analyze dynamic palmitoylation for a given protein, and (4) protocols to study cell-free palmitoylation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Kordyukova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ludwig Krabben
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institut für Virologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Veit
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institut für Virologie, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Lin CY, Tsai CT, Chen LW. Influences of combustion improver content and motionless time on the stability of two-phase emulsions. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1218397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherng-Yuan Lin
- Department of Marine Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Ting Tsai
- Department of Marine Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC
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8
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Stawski TM, Roncal-Herrero T, Fernandez-Martinez A, Matamoros-Veloza A, Kröger R, Benning LG. “On demand” triggered crystallization of CaCO3 from solute precursor species stabilized by the water-in-oil microemulsion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13825-13835. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reverse microemulsion stabilizes a solute CaCO3 phase/species inside water nano-droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Stawski
- German Research Centre for Geosciences
- GFZ
- Interface Geochemistry
- Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Liane G. Benning
- German Research Centre for Geosciences
- GFZ
- Interface Geochemistry
- Potsdam
- Germany
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9
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Gehlot P, Kulshrestha A, Bharmoria P, Damarla K, Chokshi K, Kumar A. Surface-Active Ionic Liquid Cholinium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Self-Assembling Behavior and Interaction with Cellulase. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7451-7460. [PMID: 31457311 PMCID: PMC6644741 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The conventional sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS) has been converted into an efficient and nontoxic anionic surface-active ionic liquid, cholinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Cho[DBS]). We have investigated its self-assembling behavior, interaction with the enzyme cellulase, and ecotoxicity. The surface-active properties at the air-liquid interface and the aggregation behavior of Cho[DBS] in water have been determined using tensiometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), conductometry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The enzyme activity was observed using dinitro salicylic acid analysis. The enhanced enzyme activity was explained through active-site exfoliation and structural constancy of cellulase in the micellar medium using the results from fluorescence, circular dichroism, DLS, and ITC. The nontoxic nature was confirmed by toxicity analysis on the freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen
Singh Gehlot
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine
Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Kulshrestha
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine
Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankaj Bharmoria
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine
Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Krishnaiah Damarla
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine
Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaumeel Chokshi
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine
Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine
Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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10
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Patra A, Samanta N, Das DK, Mitra RK. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of α-Chymotrypsin in Cationic Surfactant Solutions: The Component Specificity Revisited. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1457-1465. [PMID: 28151666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced catalytic activity (super activity) of enzymes in the presence of surfactants is of key importance in "micellar enzymology"; such super activity is not very trivial, it is highly system specific, and the mechanism behind the activity enhancement is not always well apprehended. We report the catalytic activity of α-chymotrypsin (CHT) on ala-ala-phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) in the presence of cationic surfactants of different hydrophobic chain lengths: dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB). It is observed that in comparison to buffer the catalytic activity of CHT is enhanced 5-fold in premicellar DTAB solutions, while negligible changes are observed in CTAB and OTAB. Activity decreases considerably in the post micellar concentration, specifically for the latter two surfactants. A similar trend is also obtained in another substrate 2-napthyal acetate hydrolysis. Such surfactant specific superactivity is intriguing. The protein's secondary and tertiary structures in the presence of these surfactants are determined using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and it is found that both CTAB and OTAB perturb the protein structure significantly, especially in the post micellar concentrations. DTAB, on the other hand, does not produce noticeable changes in the protein structure. The various pairwise interactions present in the system have been underlined using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Assuming a three-step kinetics model, we determine the free energy changes of the reaction, and the observations have been discussed in the light of the various interactions among the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Patra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Nirnay Samanta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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11
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Abstract
Enzyme stabilization is important for many biomedical or industrial application of enzymes (i.e., cell-free biotransformations and biosensors). In many applications, the goal is to provide extended active lifetime at normal environmental conditions with traditional substrates at low concentrations in buffered solutions. However, as enzymes are used for more and more applications, there is a desire to use them in extreme environmental conditions (i.e., high temperatures), in high substrate concentration or high ionic strength, and in nontraditional solvent systems. This chapter introduces the topic enzyme stabilization and the methods used for enzyme stabilization including enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moehlenbrock
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Enzymes in aqueous environment usually deal with purified enzyme preparations isolated from living matter which does not mimic real catalytic properties in vivo. Interaction of enzymes in nature takes place with different surfaces composed from lipid membranes or they get incorporated into biomembranes. Although Water is not a dominating component in the cytoplasm but plays a structural role by participating in the formation of biocatalytic complexes like glycoproteins. Water is needed to keep biocatalyst in active confirmation and hence plays very crucial role in biocatalytic reactions, activity and stability so that it can be used for various applications. This review focuses on composition, preparation properties and parameters which influence enzymes in reverse micelles and application of micellar enzymology to study protein chemistry, shifting equilibrium of various reactions, to recover various products by partition chromatography and bioremediation of chlorophenolic environmental pollutants.
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13
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Minteer SD. Micellar Enzymology for Thermal, pH, and Solvent Stability. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2016; 1504:19-23. [PMID: 27770411 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes methods for enzyme stabilization using micellar solutions. Micellar solutions have been shown to increase the thermal stability, as well as the pH and solvent tolerance of enzymes. This field is traditionally referred to as micellar enzymology. This chapter details the use of ionic and nonionic micelles for the stabilization of polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase, although this method could be used with any enzymatic system or enzyme cascade system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley D Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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14
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Sarkar S, Das K, Das PK. Hydrophobically Tailored Carbon Dots toward Modulating Microstructure of Reverse Micelle and Amplification of Lipase Catalytic Response. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3890-3900. [PMID: 27035762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article delineates the modulation of microstructure of cationic reverse micelle utilizing hydrophobically modified carbon dots (CDs) with varying surface functionalizations. Citric acid was used as the source of the carbon core, and Na-salt of glycine, glycine, Na-salt of 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, and n-hexadecylamine were used for the surface fabrication of CDs to produce CD 1s, CD 1a, CD 2s, CD 2a, and CD 3, respectively. All these CDs having dimension of 5-7 nm were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The hydrodynamic diameter of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) reverse micelle (CTAB/isooctane/n-hexanol/water) at z ([cosurfactant]/[surfactant]) = 6.4 and W0 ([water]/[surfactant]) = 44 is around 15-20 nm. Interestingly, the size of the water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions dramatically increased up to 120-200 nm upon doping hydrophobic surface functionalized CD 2a and CD 3. This is possibly due to change in the micellar exchange dynamics and reorganization of the micellar aggregates via hydrophobic interaction between surfactant (CTAB) tail and hydrophobic surface modifier of the carbon dots. However, no alteration in the size of reverse micelles was noted in the presence of carbon dots CD 1s, CD 1a, and CD 2s. Spectroscopic and microscopic investigations confirmed that the hydrophobic CD 2a and CD 3 were localized at the interface of reverse micelles whereas CD 1s, CD 1a, and CD 2s were possibly located in the water pool (away from interface). The activity of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase encapsulated within CD 3 and CD 2a doped significantly large CTAB reverse micelles showed remarkable improvement (3.7-fold and 3.4-fold) in its catalytic response. However, hydrophilic carbon dots CD 1s and CD 2s as well as moderately hydrophobic CD 1a had no significant effect on the microstructure of reverse micelles as well as on the lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Krishnendu Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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15
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Park KM, Lee JH, Hong SC, Kwon CW, Jo M, Choi SJ, Kim K, Chang PS. Selective production of 1-monocaprin by porcine liver carboxylesterase-catalyzed esterification: Its enzyme kinetics and catalytic performance. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 82:51-57. [PMID: 26672448 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine liver carboxylesterase (PLE) belongs to carboxylesterase family (EC 3.1.1.1) as a serine-type esterase. The PLE-catalyzed esterification of capric acid with glycerol in reverse micelles was investigated on the catalytic performance and enzyme kinetics. The most suitable structure of reverse micelles was comprised of isooctane (reaction medium) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT, anionic surfactant) with 0.1 of R-value ([water]/[surfactant]) and 3.0 of G/F-value ([glycerol]/[fatty acid]) for the PLE-catalyzed esterification. In the aspect of regio-selectivity, the PLE mainly produced 1-monocaprin without any other products (di- and/or tricaprins of subsequent reactions). Furthermore, the degree of esterification at equilibrium state (after 4 h from the initiation) was 62.7% under the optimum conditions at pH 7.0 and 60 °C. Based on Hanes-Woolf plot, the apparent Km and Vmax values were calculated to be 16.44 mM and 38.91 μM/min/mg protein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC group, Seoul 137-887, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Minje Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Keesung Kim
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Wan J, Guo J, Miao Z, Guo X. Reverse micellar extraction of bromelain from pineapple peel--Effect of surfactant structure. Food Chem 2015; 197:450-6. [PMID: 26616974 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pineapple peel is generally disposed or used as compost. This study was focused on extracting bromelain from pineapple peel by using reverse micelles. It was found that gemini surfactant C12-8-C12·2Br (octamethylene-α,ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide)) showed distinctive advantage over its monomeric counterpart DTAB (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide); under optimized condition, the bromelain extracted with C12-8-C12·2Br reverse micelle had an activity recovery of 163% and a purification fold of 3.3, while when using DTAB reverse micelle, the activity recovery was 95% and the purification fold was 1.7. Therefore, the spacer of gemini surfactant should play a positive role in bromelain extraction and may suggest the potential of gemini surfactant in protein separation since it has been so far rarely used in relative experiments or technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Zhitong Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Xia Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China.
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17
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Peng X, Yuan XZ, Liu H, Zeng GM, Chen XH. Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Laccase in Rhamnolipid Reversed Micellar System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:45-55. [PMID: 25637508 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnolipid was applied to degrade anthracene and pyrene in reversed micelles. The parameters in degradation were optimized for the purpose of improving degradation rates. The proper amount of rhamnolipid (RL) used for degrading anthracene was 0.065 mM, while 0.075 mM for pyrene. However, reaction time for degrading both anthracene and pyrene was 48 h. The optimum water content, pH, laccase concentration, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) initial concentration, and volume ratio of n-hexanol to isooctane for both were found out. The highest degradation rates of anthracene and pyrene were 37.52 and 25.58%, respectively. Although the degradation rates were not higher than the results previous literatures reported, this method was of novelty and provided guidance in application in degrading PAHs by reversed micellar system, especially for biosurfactant-based reversed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China,
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18
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Superactivity induced by micellar systems as the key for boosting the yield of enzymatic reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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The role of microemulsions in lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:360-6. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Kittipongpittaya K, Panya A, McClements DJ, Decker EA. Impact of Free Fatty Acids and Phospholipids on Reverse Micelles Formation and Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Bardhan S, Kundu K, Saha SK, Paul BK. Physicochemical investigation of mixed surfactant microemulsions: water solubilization, thermodynamic properties, microstructure, and dynamics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 411:152-61. [PMID: 24064004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report on a systematic investigation of phase behavior and solubilization of water in water-in-heptane or decane aggregates stabilized by mixtures of polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (Brij-58) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactants with varying compositions in conjugation with 1-pentanol (Pn) at fixed surfactant(s)/Pn ratio and temperature. Synergism in water solubilization was evidenced by the addition of CTAB to Brij-58 stabilized system in close proximity of equimolar composition in both oils. An attempt has been made to correlate composition dependent water solubilization and volume induced conductivity studies to provide insight into the solubilization mechanism of these mixed systems. Conductivity studies reveal the ascending curve in water solubilization capacity-(Brij-58:CTAB, w/w) profile as the interdroplet interaction branch indicating percolation of conductance and the descending curve is a curvature branch due to the rigidity of the interface in these systems. The microstructure of these systems as a function of surfactant composition has been determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. FTIR study reveals increase and decrease in relative population of bound and bulk-like water, respectively, with increase in Brij-58:CTAB (w/w). DLS measurements showed that the droplet hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) decreases significantly with the increase in Brij-58:CTAB (w/w). Further, the interfacial composition and energetic parameters for the transfer of Pn from bulk oil to the interface were evaluated by the dilution method. Formation of temperature-insensitive microemulsions and temperature invariant droplet sizes are evidenced in the vicinity of the equimolar composition. The results are interpreted in terms of a proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734 013, India
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22
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Park KM, Kim YN, Choi SJ, Chang PS. Development of the simple and sensitive method for lipoxygenase assay in AOT/isooctane reversed micelles. Food Chem 2013; 138:733-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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A surfactant-coated lipase immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles for multicycle ethyl isovalerate enzymatic production. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Microemulsions based on virgin olive oil: A model biomimetic system for studying native oxidative enzymatic activities. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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26
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Alexander V. Reversed micelles as matrix microreactors for chemical processing of macromolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19910440126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Enzyme stabilization is important for any biomedical or industrial application of enzymes. In many applications, the goal is to provide extended active lifetime at normal environmental conditions with traditional substrates at low concentrations in buffered solutions. However, as enzymes are used for more and more applications, there is a desire to use them in extreme environmental conditions (i.e., high temperatures), in high substrate concentration, and in nontraditional solvent systems. This chapter introduces the topic of enzyme stabilization and the methods used for enzyme stabilization including enzyme immobilization.
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Minteer SD. Micellar enzymology for thermal, pH, and solvent stability. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 679:19-24. [PMID: 20865385 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-895-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes methods for enzyme stabilization using micellar solutions. Micellar solutions have been shown to increase the thermal stability, as well as the pH and solvent tolerance of enzymes. This field is traditionally referred to as micellar enzymology. This paper details the use of ionic and nonionic micelles for the stabilization of polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase.
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29
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Regulation of acid phosphatase in reverse micellar system by lipids additives: Structural aspects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 353:490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Verma SK, Ghosh KK. α-Chymotrypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate in cationic microemulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Debnath S, Das D, Dutta S, Das PK. Imidazolium bromide-based ionic liquid assisted improved activity of trypsin in cationic reverse micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4080-4086. [PMID: 20143862 DOI: 10.1021/la9040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) assisted enhancement in activity of water-pool solubilized enzyme trypsin in cationic reverse micelles of CTAB. A set of imidazolium ILs (1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromides) were prepared with varying lengths of their side arm which results in the differential location of these organic salts in the reverse micelles. The different ILs offered varied activating effects on the biocatalyst. The activity of trypsin improved approximately 30-300% in the presence of 0.1-10 mM of different ILs in reverse micelles of CTAB. Trypsin showed approximately 300% (4-fold) increment in its activity in the presence of IL 2 (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, EMIMBr) compared to that observed in the absence of IL in CTAB reverse micelles. The imidazolium moiety of the IL, resembling the histidine amino acid component of the catalytic triad of hydrolases and its Br(-) counterion, presumably increases the nucleophilicity of water in the vicinity of the enzyme by forming a hydrogen bond that facilitates the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester. However, the ILs with increasing amphiphilic character had little to no effect on the activity of trypsin due to their increased distance from the biocatalyst, as they tend to get localized toward the interfacial region of the aggregates. Dynamic light scattering experimentation was carried out in the presence of ILs to find a possible correlation between the trypsin activity and the size of the aggregates. In concurrence with the observed highest activity in the presence of IL 2, the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of trypsin in CTAB reverse micelles doped with IL 2 exhibited the lowest mean residue ellipticity (MRE), which is closest to that of the native protein in aqueous buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Debnath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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32
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Maiti S, Das D, Shome A, Das PK. Influence of Gold Nanoparticles of Varying Size in Improving the Lipase Activity within Cationic Reverse Micelles. Chemistry 2010; 16:1941-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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YANG GS, QI YD, OU ZM, YAO SJ. Enzymological Characteristics of Catalytic Antibody-catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrolysis of Ibuprofen Ester in Water-in-oil Microemulsion*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2008.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Pavlidis IV, Gournis D, Papadopoulos GK, Stamatis H. Lipases in water-in-ionic liquid microemulsions: Structural and activity studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Feliciano AS, Cabral JM, Prazeres DM. Solubility Studies and Synthesis of Acpheleunh2in Reversed Micellar Systems. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429709106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Pacheco R, Karmali A, Matos-Lopes ML, Serralheiro ML. Amidase encapsulated in TTAB reversed micelles for the study of transamidation reactions. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500372419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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38
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Paiva AL, Rossum DV, Malcata FX. Cascading Reactor-Separator Sets Reduces total Processing Time for Low Yield Michaelis-Menten Reactions: Model Predictions. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429809003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Serralheiro MLM, Cabral JMS. Thermal Stability of α-Chymotrypsin, Native and Chemically Modified, Inside Reverse Micelles During Peptide Synthesis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429909003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Tsai SW, Lee KP, Chiang CL. Surfactant Effects on Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Olive Oil in AOT/ISOOCTANE Reverse Micelles. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429509015215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Pshezhetsky AV, Klyachko NL, Levashov AV, Martinek K. Catalysis by Laccase (FromCoriolus uersicolor) in Microheterogeneous Media of the Water/Organic Solvent/Surfactant Type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429008992090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. L. Klyachko
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, SU-117234, USSR
| | - A. V. Levashov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, SU-117234, USSR
| | - Karel Martinek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, CS-16610, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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42
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Avramiotis S, Lianos P, Xenakis A. Trypsin In Lecithin Based w/o Microemulsions. Fluorescence and Enzyme Activity Studies. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429609110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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Azevedo AM, Fonseca LP, Graham DL, Cabral JMS, Prazeres DMF. BEHAVIOUR OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE IN AOT REVERSED MICELLES. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420109105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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44
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Han D, Walde P, Luisi PL. Dependence of Lipase Activity on Water Content and Enzyme Concentration in Reverse Micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429008992087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daeseok Han
- Institut für Polymere, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Institut für Polymere, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pier Luigi Luisi
- Institut für Polymere, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Arcos JA, Robledo L, Otero C. Stability of a Pseudomonas Sp. Lipase:Comparison Between Solubilized Enzyme in Reverse Micelles and Suspended Lipase in Dry Solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429609110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Azevedo AM, Fonseca LP, Prazeres DMF. Kinetic and Stability Studies of Penicillin Acylase in Reversed Micelles. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420009003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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47
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Das D, Das PK. Superior activity of structurally deprived enzyme-carbon nanotube hybrids in cationic reverse micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4421-4428. [PMID: 19245221 DOI: 10.1021/la803753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report the superior activity of hydrophobically adsorbed enzymes onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the reverse micelles of cationic surfactants. Horseradish peroxidase and soybean peroxidase adsorbed onto SWNTs endure a notable loss in secondary structure and catalytic activity. This structurally and functionally deformed enzyme-SWNT when confined in CTAB reverse micelles showed approximately 7-9-fold enhancement in activity compared to that was in water and also importantly approximately 1500-3500 times higher activity than that of the enzymes in aqueous-organic biphasic mixtures. The activation observed for this nanobiocomposite is due to the (i) possible localization of enzyme-SWNT hybrid at the micellar interface; (ii) facile transport of substrates across the microscopic interface of reverse micelles; and (iii) greater local concentration of substrates at the augmented interfacial space in the presence of SWNT. This interfacial localization of the SWNT-protein hybrid was tested using FITC-tagged protein (BSA) by fluorescence spectroscopy. FTIR and CD spectroscopy established that the enzyme notably loses its native structure as it gets adsorbed onto the CNTs. However, this loss in the secondary structure is neither aggravated nor recovered when the enzyme-SWNT resides at the reverse micellar interface. So, localization of the surface-active peroxidase-CNT hybrids at the interface is the main reason for significant enzyme activation. The generality of the activation of the enzyme-CNT hybrid by reverse micelles was tested using amphiphiles with varying headgroup sizes, where an overall enhancement in activity was observed with an increase in headgroup size. Activation of this nanobiocomposite would find utmost importance in material science as the activity of structurally deprived enzyme in reverse micelles surpassed (approximately 1.7-fold) even the activity of the native enzyme in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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48
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Martin GL, Minteer SD, Cooney MJ. Spatial distribution of malate dehydrogenase in chitosan scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:367-372. [PMID: 20353225 DOI: 10.1021/am800077t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to study the spatial distribution of malate dehydrogenase immobilized within three-dimensional macroporous chitosan scaffolds. The scaffolds were fabricated from solutions of native and hydrophobically modified chitosan polymer through the process of thermally induced phase separation. The hydrophobically modified chitosan is proposed to possess amphiphilic micelles into which the enzyme can be encapsulated and retained. To test this theory, we applied the immobilization procedure of Klotzbach and co-workers [J. Membr. Sci. 2006, 282 (1-2), 276-283] to solutions of fluorophore-tagged malate dehydrogenase in the presence of native and hydrophobically modified chitosan polymer and then tracked the distribution of enzymes in the resulting scaffolds using fluorescent microscopy. Results suggest that the modified chitosan does encapsulate the enzyme with a significant degree of retention and with altered distribution patterns, suggesting that hydrophobic modification of the chitosan polymer backbone does create amphiphilic regions that are capable of physically encapsulating and retaining enzymes. Commentary is also given on how this information can be correlated to enzyme activity and spatial distribution during immobilization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgianna L Martin
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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49
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Kudryashova EV, Visser AJWG, van Berkel WJH. Monomer formation and function of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase in reverse micelles and in dimethylsulfoxide/water mixtures. Chembiochem 2008; 9:413-9. [PMID: 18176933 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been postulated that the dimeric form of the flavoprotein p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PHBH) is important for catalysis. Here it is demonstrated that the monomeric form of PHBH is active. In a water/AOT/isooctane reverse micellar system, the function of the monomeric and dimeric forms of PHBH could be observed separately by varying the size of the micelles. A considerable decrease in the K(M) value for p-hydroxybenzoate (POHB) was found for monomeric PHBH, accompanied by a 1.5-fold decrease in enzymatic activity. The same tendency was observed when monomers of PHBH were formed by adding DMSO to the buffer. The FAD in PHBH and PHBH labeled with the fluorescence dye Alexa488 was investigated by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy to observe monomer formation in water/DMSO mixtures. Monomer formation of PHBH occurred gradually with increasing DMSO content in the mixture. Pure PHBH monomers were detected at DMSO concentrations of 30 % (v/v) and higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kudryashova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Das D, Das D, Das PK. Improved activity of enzymes in mixed cationic reverse micelles with imidazolium-based surfactants. Biochimie 2008; 90:820-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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