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Srivastava P, Deb JK. Gene expression systems in corynebacteria. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 40:221-9. [PMID: 15766862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 06/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium belongs to a group of gram-positive bacteria having moderate to high G+C content, the other members being Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus. Considerable information is now available on the plasmids, gene regulatory elements, and gene expression in corynebacteria, especially in soil corynebacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum. These bacteria are non-pathogenic and, unlike Bacillus and Streptomyces, are low in proteolytic activity and thus have the potential of becoming attractive systems for expression of heterologous proteins. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the organization of various regulatory elements, such as promoters, transcription terminators, and development of vectors for cloning and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India
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Houssin C, Nguyen DT, Leblon G, Bayan N. S-layer protein transport across the cell wall of Corynebacterium glutamicum: in vivo kinetics and energy requirements. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 217:71-9. [PMID: 12445648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with a very peculiar cell envelope structure as it is constituted of an inner membrane and an outer membrane-like structure. Protein secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum was studied in vivo, using the S-layer protein PS2 as a model. We show that different variants of PS2 protein are exported through the whole cell envelope with a half-life ranging between 2 and 4 min, by a two-step mechanism. The first step, which is over after about 1.5 min, is ATP- and proton motive force-dependent and may correspond to translocation across the inner membrane via the 'Sec' machinery. The second step, across the cell wall and the outer mycolate layer, is rapid but independent of energy sources. This very efficient secretion process across the mycolate layer raises the question of the existence in this layer of a specific machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Houssin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Microorganismes d'Intérêt Industriel, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, CNRS UMR 8621, Université Paris XI, 91405 Cedex, Orsay, France
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Nguyen DT, Houssin C, Bayan N. Study of mycoloyl transferase transport across the cell envelope of Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 201:145-50. [PMID: 11470353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PS1 is a major exported protein of Corynebacterium glutamicum homologous to mycobacterial antigen 85. It is largely associated with the mycolic acid-containing cell wall and acts as a mycoloyl transferase. The transport of PS1 to the cell wall is slow and occurs through two energetically distinct steps: the first one, which includes processing by signal peptidase, is rapid and inhibited by sodium azide or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. This step is probably associated with translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane. The kinetics of the second step depend on the size of the polypeptide chain to be transported but neither ATP nor proton motive force is required. This step may correspond to the diffusion of PS1 across the cell wall to its final location.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Nguyen
- Laboratoire des Biomembranes, Bât. 430, CNRS UMR 8619, Université de Paris XI, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Cedex, Orsay, France
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Soual-Hoebeke E, Sousa-D'Auria CD, Chami M, Baucher MF, Guyonvarch A, Bayan N, Salim K, Leblon G. S-layer protein production by Corynebacterium strains is dependent on the carbon source. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1999; 145 ( Pt 12):3399-3408. [PMID: 10627038 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-12-3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of Corynebacterium producing various amounts of PS2 S-layer protein were studied. For all strains, more PS2 was produced if the bacteria were grown in minimal medium supplemented with lactate than if they were grown in minimal medium supplemented with glucose. The consumption of substrate and PS2 production was studied in cultures with mixed carbon sources. It was found that the inhibitory effect of glucose consumption was stronger than the stimulatory effect of lactate in one strain, but not in the other two strains. The regulation of gene expression involved in S-layer formation may involve metabolic pathways, which probably differ between strains. S-layer organization was also studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. It was found that low levels of PS2 production correlated with the partial covering of the cell surface by a crystalline array. Finally, it was found that PS2 production was mainly regulated by changes in gene expression and that secretion was probably not a limiting step in PS2 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Soual-Hoebeke
- Laboratoire de Biologie Molé culaire des Corynébactéries, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR C8621 CNRS, Bât. 4091, and Laboratoire des Biomembranes, UMR 8619 CNRS, Bât. 4302, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Célia de Sousa-D'Auria
- Laboratoire de Biologie Molé culaire des Corynébactéries, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR C8621 CNRS, Bât. 4091, and Laboratoire des Biomembranes, UMR 8619 CNRS, Bât. 4302, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Chami
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France3
| | - Maire-France Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biologie Molé culaire des Corynébactéries, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR C8621 CNRS, Bât. 4091, and Laboratoire des Biomembranes, UMR 8619 CNRS, Bât. 4302, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Armel Guyonvarch
- Laboratoire de Biologie Molé culaire des Corynébactéries, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR C8621 CNRS, Bât. 4091, and Laboratoire des Biomembranes, UMR 8619 CNRS, Bât. 4302, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Bayan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Molé culaire des Corynébactéries, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR C8621 CNRS, Bât. 4091, and Laboratoire des Biomembranes, UMR 8619 CNRS, Bât. 4302, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Karima Salim
- ORSAN SA, 46 rue de Nesle, BP 42, 80190 Mesnil Saint Nicaise, France4
| | - Gérard Leblon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Molé culaire des Corynébactéries, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR C8621 CNRS, Bât. 4091, and Laboratoire des Biomembranes, UMR 8619 CNRS, Bât. 4302, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Schrempp S, Bayan N, Shechter E. Characterization of energetically functional inverted membrane vesicles from Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEBS Lett 1994; 356:104-8. [PMID: 7988700 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that inverted membrane vesicles from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Gram-positive bacterium, are able to generate and maintain an electrochemical gradient of protons in response to the addition of NADH. This result indicates that the respiratory chain is intact and that the vesicles are reasonably impermeable to protons. These membrane vesicles may be the starting point for in vitro translocation studies of proteins in Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schrempp
- Laboratoire des Biomembranes, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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