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Nakajima Y, Ukai T, Shimizu T, Ogata K, Iwai S, Takahashi N, Aki A, Mizuki T, Maekawa T, Hanajiri T. Detection and Analysis of Targeted Biological Cells by Electrophoretic Coulter Method. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12450-12457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikata Nakajima
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ukai
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Ogata
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Seiki Iwai
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Naohiro Takahashi
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Aki
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuki
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hanajiri
- Bio-Nano Electronics
Research
Center, Toyo University 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
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Rahmanian N, Bozorgmehr M, Torabi M, Akbari A, Zarnani AH. Cell separation: Potentials and pitfalls. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:38-51. [PMID: 27045194 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation techniques play an indispensable part in numerous basic biological studies and even clinical settings. Although various cell isolation methods with diverse applications have been devised so far, not all of them have been able to gain widespread popularity among researchers and clinicians. There is not a single method known to be advantageous over all cell isolation techniques, and in fact, it is the researcher's aim in performing a study that determines the most suitable method. A perfect method for one study might not be necessarily a proper choice for another and likewise, expensive and complex isolation methods might not always be the best choices. There are several criteria such as cell purity, viability, activation status, and frequency that need to be given serious thought before selecting an isolation technique. Moreover, time and cost are two of the key elements that should be taken into consideration before implementing a project. Hence, here we provide a succinct description of six more popular cell separation methods with respect to their principles, advantages, and disadvantages as well as their most common applications. We further provide several key features of each technique so that it helps the researchers to take the first step toward opting for the best method that fits well into their projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Rahmanian
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohmood Bozorgmehr
- b Oncopathology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Monir Torabi
- c Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- d Colorectal Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- e Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,f Immunology Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Sroka J, Kordecka A, Włosiak P, Madeja Z, Korohoda W. Separation methods for isolation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes affect their motile activity. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:531-9. [PMID: 19560229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Five commonly used methods for the isolation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from blood and their subsequent effect on cell motile activity were compared. Although all methods (isolation from blood clots, hemolysis of erythrocytes in hypotonic solutions, and sedimentation with the use of Percoll, Ficoll 400 or Dextran T 500 solutions) preserved cell viability, they demonstrated different effects on cell spreading and the speed of spontaneous cell movement. The highest motile activity was shown by PMNLs separated from blood clots and Percoll solutions. In the presence of formylated peptides, N-FMLP-mediated movement was markedly stimulated in PMNLs separated by all five methods, but cells isolated with the use of Dextran T 500 or Ficoll 400 were relatively slower than those isolated with other methods. This suggests that the cells had preserved the sensitivity of their receptors specific for ligands stimulating chemokinesis (chemotaxis) after all five methods of separation. Immunofluorescence observations showed that PMNLs isolated in the presence of FITC-Dextran exhibited polysaccharide-coated surfaces with receptor proteins extended above that coat - an observation which explains why cell coating with polysaccharides does not disturb cell phenotyping with flow cytometry and FACS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sroka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Wilk A, Urbańska K, Woolley DE, Korohoda W. Cell separation with horizontal cell electrophoresis under near-isopycnic conditions on a "density cushion". Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 13:366-74. [PMID: 18311546 PMCID: PMC6275885 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-008-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an improvement made to the horizontal cell electrophoresis methodology. It involves using two liquid layers differing in density to produce an interface described as a "density cushion". The electrophoretic system that employed an anti-convective porous matrix to separate red blood cells (RBC) and charged dyes effectively was found to be unsuitable for some other mammalian cells. The "density cushion" method was found to be more versatile and applicable to studies on the separation of a variety of cell types. The experiments described show the differences between the electrophoretic mobilities of a human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line (Eol-1) and RBC, both with and without the modification of the cell surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Urbańska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - David E. Woolley
- University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - Włodzimierz Korohoda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
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Korohoda W, Wilk A. Cell electrophoresis--a method for cell separation and research into cell surface properties. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 13:312-26. [PMID: 18292972 PMCID: PMC6275916 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-008-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the application of various methods of cell electrophoresis in research into cell surface properties (analytical methods), and the separation of uniform cell subpopulations from cell mixtures (preparative methods). The emphasis is on the prospects of the development of simplified and versatile methodologies, i.e. microcapillary cell electrophoresis and horizontal cell electrophoresis under near-isopycnic conditions. New perspectives are considered on the use of analytical and preparative cell electrophoresis in research on cell differentiation, neoplastic transformation, cell-cell interactions and the biology of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Korohoda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Wilk A, Rośkowicz K, Korohoda W. A new method for the preperative and analytical electrophoresis of cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2006; 11:579-93. [PMID: 17028788 PMCID: PMC6275588 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-006-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a new method is described for the horizontal electrophoresis of cells on a density cushion under near-isopycnic conditions. When cell sedimentation is minimized, the electrophoresis of red blood cells (RBC) used as model cells within an anti-convective porous matrix (with pores over 300 μm in diameter) was capable of separating a mixture of human and chicken RBC according to their electrophoretic mobilities. Samples taken from the separated RBC bands show over 90% purity for each species. The simultaneous electrophoresis of several RBC samples carried out under identical conditions permitted the use of comparative data based on the electrophoretic mobility of cells which differ in their surface properties. We believe that this relatively simple system, in which cell sedimentation and convection are minimized, has the potential to be modified and adapted for the separation of other cell types/organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Rośkowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Korohoda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-378 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Abstract
CONTEXT Several abnormalities have been described in red blood cells of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), but to date none of these has been confirmed by a second, independent study. Erythrocyte anion exchange has been reported to be abnormal in AD; we have developed a new technique for measuring anion exchange. OBJECTIVES To confirm the abnormality of erythrocyte anion exchange in AD and to determine whether the phenomenon has potential for clinical utility. DESIGN Comparison of patients with probable AD to age-matched controls. SETTING University hospital and ambulatory clinic. METHODS Chloride-bicarbonate exchange was measured in erythrocyte ghosts resealed with a fluorescent probe of chloride concentration. RESULTS Erythrocyte anion exchange is abnormal in AD. This difference appears in citrate but not EDTA anticoagulant. Mahalanobis's generalized distance between the 2 populations is 1.7, and a discriminant function derived from our technique classifies 82% of the study population in accordance with the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrates the possibility of choosing cutoffs with high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of red blood cell anion exchange may be useful in classifying patients with AD. The dependence of this phenomenon on anticoagulant suggests the involvement of platelet activation or complement fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Greco
- Biophysical Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Morré DJ, Peter AD, Morré DM, Van Alstine JM. Effect of centrifugation on separation by aqueous two-phase partition of an early and late endosome model using inside-out plasma membrane vesicles from plants. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 711:195-201. [PMID: 9699988 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inside-out vesicles of plasma membranes prepared from a plant source were used as models to investigate effects of centrifugal forces on separations of early and late endosome populations by aqueous two-phase partition. Endosome subpopulations were resolved readily by preparative free-flow electrophoresis where acidification of the interiors of late endosomes occurred upon addition of ATP to activate a proton translocating ATPase. The resultant increased diffusion potential provided for a surface difference between late and early endosomes to permit electrophoretic separation. With the plant membranes, unincubated inside-out plasma membrane vesicles modeled early endosomes, whereas inside-out vesicles incubated with 1 mM ATP modeled late endosomes. A latent, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-(auxin)-stimulated NADH:protein disulfide reductase measured spectrophotometrically was used as an enzymatic marker for both populations of inside-out vesicles. Phase partition behavior of each population was quantitated using total protein as the parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Morré
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Halbreich A, Roger J, Pons JN, Geldwerth D, Da Silva MF, Roudier M, Bacri JC. Biomedical applications of maghemite ferrofluid. Biochimie 1998; 80:379-90. [PMID: 9782379 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)80006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of cell-targeted ferrofluid in the characterization of modifications of cell membranes is reviewed. Maghemite ferrofluid was synthesized by the Massart method, complexed with dimercaptosuccinic acid (FF). Cell targeting by FF was developed by coupling FF to various biological effectors such as antibodies, lectins, etc, which enabled magnetic cell sorting. Modifications in erythrocyte membranes were studied using FF bound to recombinant human annexin V (AnxFF) which is very sensitive, compared to other Anx-based reagents, in the early detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposition on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Thus PS exposition on mouse RBC was detected already after a 24-h storage at 4 degrees C and, transiently, 24 h after their infection by Plasmodium parasites, at which time the parasites are still confined to the liver, thus leading to the recruitment of young RBC and the accumulation of a species, intermediate between reticulocytes and erythrocytes, and the actual RBC target of plasmodial invasion. AnxFF revealed PS exposition on RBC from sickle cell anemia patients, following various inflammations and already after 20 days of human blood storage under blood bank conditions. Such a sensitive detection should be similar to that of macrophages which recognize exposed PS on cells and bring about the latter's elimination from the circulation. AnxFF binding determination was combined with that of cell electrophoretic mobility, glycerol resistance and filterability to characterize RBC membrane modifications in Alzheimer's disease patients which suggested a continuous damage and regeneration in RBC of these patients. A logistic analysis suggested that several three-parameter combinations could permit diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with up to 95% accuracy. THP1 cells and macrophages, derived themselves by incubation with retinoic acid, were bound to FF and placed in a radio frequency alternating magnetic field. Magnetocytolysis was associated with FF attachment to the cells without damage to non-bound cells and without heating of the surrounding solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halbreich
- Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France
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