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Krishna SS, Sudheesh MS, Viswanad V. Liposomal drug delivery to the lungs: a post covid-19 scenario. J Liposome Res 2023; 33:410-424. [PMID: 37074963 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2199068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
High local delivery of anti-infectives to the lungs is required for activity against infections of the lungs. The present pandemic has highlighted the potential of pulmonary delivery of anti-infective agents as a viable option for infections like Covid-19, which specifically causes lung infections and mortality. To prevent infections of such type and scale in the future, target-specific delivery of drugs to the pulmonary region is a high-priority area in the field of drug delivery. The suboptimal effect of oral delivery of anti-infective drugs to the lungs due to the poor biopharmaceutical property of the drugs makes this delivery route very promising for respiratory infections. Liposomes have been used as an effective delivery system for drugs due to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature, which can be used effectively for target-specific drug delivery to the lungs. In the present review, we focus on the use of liposomal drug delivery of anti-infectives for the acute management of respiratory infections in the wake of Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swathi Krishna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, India
| | - M S Sudheesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, India
| | - Vidya Viswanad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, India
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2
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Aflakian F, Mirzavi F, Aiyelabegan HT, Soleimani A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Karimi-Sani I, Rafati Zomorodi A, Vakili-Ghartavol R. Nanoparticles-based therapeutics for the management of bacterial infections: A special emphasis on FDA approved products and clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106515. [PMID: 37402428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance has increased in recent decades as a result of the extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The World Health Organization listed antimicrobial resistance as one of ten major global public health threats in 2021. In particular, six major bacterial pathogens, including third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were found to have the highest resistance-related death rates in 2019. To respond to this urgent call, the creation of new pharmaceutical technologies based on nanoscience and drug delivery systems appears to be the promising strategy against microbial resistance in light of recent advancements, particularly the new knowledge of medicinal biology. Nanomaterials are often defined as substances having sizes between 1 and 100 nm. If the material is used on a small scale; its properties significantly change. They come in a variety of sizes and forms to help provide distinguishing characteristics for a wide range of functions. The field of health sciences has demonstrated a strong interest in numerous nanotechnology applications. Therefore, in this review, prospective nanotechnology-based therapeutics for the management of bacterial infections with multiple medication resistance are critically examined. Recent developments in these innovative treatment techniques are described, with an emphasis on preclinical, clinical, and combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aflakian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Iman Karimi-Sani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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De Rossi H, Bortoliero Costa C, Rodrigues-Rossi LT, Barros Nunes G, Spinosa Chéles D, Maran Pereira I, Rocha DFO, Feitosa E, Colnaghi Simionato AV, Zoccal Mingoti G, Benites Aoki PH, Gouveia Nogueira MF. Modulating the lipid profile of blastocyst cell membrane with DPPC multilamellar vesicles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:158-167. [PMID: 35713365 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2088545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in co-culture with in vitro-produced bovine embryos (IVPEs). The stability of five concentrations of MLVs (1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0 mM) produced using ultrapure water or embryonic culture medium with 24 or 48 h of incubation at 38.5 °C with 5% CO2 was assessed. In addition, the toxicity of MLVs and their modulation of the lipid profile of the plasma membrane of IVPEs were evaluated after 48 h of co-culture. Both media allowed the production of MLVs. Incubation (24 and 48 h) did not impair the MLV structure but affected the average diameter. The rate of blastocyst production was not reduced, demonstrating the nontoxicity of the MLVs even at 2.0 mmol/L. The lipid profile of the embryos was different depending on the MLV concentration. In comparison with control embryos, embryos cultured with MLVs at 2.0 mmol/L had a higher relative abundance of six lipid ions (m/z 720.6, 754.9, 759.0, 779.1, 781.2, and 797.3). This study sheds light on a new culture system in which the MLV concentration could change the lipid profile of the embryonic cell membrane in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo De Rossi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Bortoliero Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Barros Nunes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dóris Spinosa Chéles
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Maran Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele F O Rocha
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloi Feitosa
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Zoccal Mingoti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Benites Aoki
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Languages, UNESP, Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tziveleka LA, Pippa N, Ioannou E, Demetzos C, Roussis V. Development of Ulvan-Containing Liposomes as Antibacterial Drug Delivery Platforms. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040186. [PMID: 36278655 PMCID: PMC9589965 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, due to their safety profile and targeting ability, are among the most studied nanocarriers as antimicrobial delivery systems. However, due to lack of stability and the non-specific interaction of liposomes with cells and proteins, their use is relatively limited. Aiming to overcome these drawbacks, it was envisaged that incorporation of ulvan, a bioactive marine sulfated polysaccharide isolated from green algae, in liposomes could improve their physicochemical properties and overall stability. Thus, we initially studied the interactions of ulvan with neutral, negatively, and positively charged lipids using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and subsequently, based on the obtained results, we prepared the respective ulvan–containing neutral and charged liposomes, where ulvan interacts with both lipid chains and polar groups in the liposomal bilayer. In a further step, we entrapped in the liposomes fusidic acid, used as a model antibacterial drug, and proceeded with the evaluation of their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The physicochemical properties (size and ζ-potential), stability, morphology, and entrapment efficiency of the prepared liposomal formulations were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (V.R.)
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Zhang W, Hu E, Wang Y, Miao S, Liu Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Xu B, Chen D, Shen Y. Emerging Antibacterial Strategies with Application of Targeting Drug Delivery System and Combined Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6141-6156. [PMID: 34511911 PMCID: PMC8423451 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s311248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, some bacteria have developed significant resistance to almost all available antibiotics. One of the reasons that cannot be ignored is long-term exposure of bacteria to the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a targeted antibiotic delivery system to improve drug delivery behavior, in order to delay the generation of bacterial drug resistance. In recent years, with the continuous development of nanotechnology, various types of nanocarriers that respond to the infection microenvironment, targeting specific bacterial targets, and targeting infected cells, and so on, are gradually being used in the delivery of antibacterial agents to increase the concentration of drugs at the site of infection and reduce the side effects of drugs in normal tissues. Here, this article describes in detail the latest research progress on nanocarriers for antimicrobial, and commonly used targeted antimicrobial strategies. The advantages of the combination of nanotechnology and targeting strategies in combating bacterial infections are highlighted in this review, and the upcoming opportunities and remaining challenges in this field are rationally prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Enshi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Ding L, Wang J, Cai S, Smyth H, Cui Z. Pulmonary biofilm-based chronic infections and inhaled treatment strategies. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120768. [PMID: 34089796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, are usually accompanied by respiratory tract infections due to the physiological alteration of the lung immunological defenses. Recurrent infections may lead to chronic infection through the formation of biofilms. Chronic biofilm-based infections are challenging to treat using antimicrobial agents. Therefore, effective ways to eradicate biofilms and thus relieve respiratory tract infection require the development of efficacious agents for biofilm destruction, the design of delivery carriers with biofilm-targeting and/or penetrating abilities for these agents, and the direct delivery of them into the lung. This review provides an in-depth description of biofilm-based infections caused by pulmonary diseases and focuses on current existing agents that are administered by inhalation into the lung to treat biofilm, which include i) inhalable antimicrobial agents and their combinations, ii) non-antimicrobial adjuvants such as matrix-targeting enzymes, mannitol, glutathione, cyclosporin A, and iii) liposomal formulations of anti-biofilm agents. Finally, novel agents that have shown promise against pulmonary biofilms as well as traditional and new devices for pulmonary delivery of anti-biofilm agents into the lung are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jieliang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shihao Cai
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hugh Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Huang Z, Kłodzińska SN, Wan F, Nielsen HM. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: state of the art towards efficient treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract bacterial infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1634-1654. [PMID: 33694082 PMCID: PMC7945609 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recalcitrant respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have emerged as one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. Aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is becoming increasingly attractive to combat such infections, as it allows targeted delivery of high drug concentrations to the infected organ while limiting systemic exposure. However, successful aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is still challenged by the diverse biological barriers in infected lungs. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery is gaining increasing attention as a means to overcome the biological barriers and accomplish site-specific drug delivery by controlling release of the loaded drug(s) at the target site. With the aim to summarize emerging efforts in combating respiratory tract infections by using nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary delivery strategies, this review provides a brief introduction to the bacterial infection-related pulmonary diseases and the biological barriers for effective treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract infections. This is followed by a summary of recent advances in design of inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that overcome the biological barriers and increase drug bioavailability. Finally, challenges for the translation from exploratory laboratory research to clinical application are also discussed and potential solutions proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sylvia Natalie Kłodzińska
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Mirhadi E, Tajani AS, Khameneh B. The role of nanotechnology in combating biofilm-based antibiotic resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Abstract
When antibiotics are administered, orally or intravenously, they pass through different organs and layers of tissue on their way to the site of infection; this can cause dilution and/or intoxication. To overcome these problems, drug delivery vehicles have been used to encapsulate and deliver antibiotics, improving their therapeutic index while minimizing their adverse effects. Liposomes are self-assembled lipid vesicles made from at least one bilayer of phospholipids with an inner aqueous compartment. Liposomes are attractive vehicles to deliver antibiotics because they can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic antibiotics, they have low toxicity, and they can change the biodistribution of the drug. Furthermore, liposomes have been approved by regulatory agencies. However, most developmental and mechanistic research in the field has been focused on encapsulation and delivery of anticancer drugs, a class of molecules that differ significantly in chemistry from antibiotics. In this critical Review, we discuss the state of knowledge regarding the design of liposomes for encapsulation and delivery of antibiotics and offer insight into the challenges and promises of using liposomes for antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Gonzalez Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L9S 8L7, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L9S 8L7, Canada
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L98 4LS, Canada
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10
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Geskovski N, Sazdovska SD, Gjosheva S, Petkovska R, Popovska M, Anastasova L, Mladenovska K, Goracinova K. Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Colzi I, Troyan AN, Perito B, Casalone E, Romoli R, Pieraccini G, Škalko-Basnet N, Adessi A, Rossi F, Gonnelli C, Ristori S. Antibiotic delivery by liposomes from prokaryotic microorganisms: Similia cum similis works better. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Tonguc-Altin K, Sandalli N, Duman G, Selvi-Kuvvetli S, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G. Development of novel formulations containing Lysozyme and Lactoferrin and evaluation of antibacterial effects on Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:706-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Forier K, Raemdonck K, De Smedt SC, Demeester J, Coenye T, Braeckmans K. Lipid and polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery to bacterial biofilms. J Control Release 2014; 190:607-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Zhu X, Radovic-Moreno AF, Wu J, Langer R, Shi J. Nanomedicine in the Management of Microbial Infection - Overview and Perspectives. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:478-498. [PMID: 25267927 PMCID: PMC4175422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than 2 billion years, microbes have reigned on our planet, evolving or outlasting many obstacles they have encountered. In the 20th century, this trend took a dramatic turn with the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines. Nevertheless, since then, microbes have progressively eroded the effectiveness of previously successful antibiotics by developing resistance, and many infections have eluded conventional vaccine design approaches. Moreover, the emergence of resistant and more virulent strains of bacteria has outpaced the development of new antibiotics over the last few decades. These trends have had major economic and health impacts at all levels of the socioeconomic spectrum - we need breakthrough innovations that could effectively manage microbial infections and deliver solutions that stand the test of time. The application of nanotechnologies to medicine, or nanomedicine, which has already demonstrated its tremendous impact on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, is rapidly becoming a major driving force behind ongoing changes in the antimicrobial field. Here we provide an overview on the current progress of nanomedicine in the management of microbial infection, including diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, drug delivery, medical devices, and vaccines, as well as perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in antimicrobial nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aleksandar F. Radovic-Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Moghadas-Sharif N, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Khameneh B, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. The effect of nanoliposomal formulations onStaphylococcus epidermidisbiofilm. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:445-50. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.877483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Das S, Joseph MT, Sarkar D. Hydrogen bonding interpolymer complex formation and study of its host-guest interaction with cyclodextrin and its application as an active delivery vehicle. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1818-1830. [PMID: 23373846 DOI: 10.1021/la304466z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Interpolymer complex formation through hydrogen bonding has been investigated between two polymers: poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The differential properties of the interpolymer complex with varying molecular weights of PVA have been studied by taking three different molecular weights of PVA. Furthermore, the host-guest interaction between the interpolymer complexes prepared and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has also been studied in detail. PAAm can form interpolymer complexes with PVA because of a cooperative hydrogen bonding interaction. The addition of β-CD to a dilute aqueous solution of PAAm-PVA results in a competition between interpolymer hydrogen bonding and host-guest interactions. In this article, we have tried to decipher the complex chemistry that occurs in the microheterogeneous solution. The PAAm-PVA binary system and the PAAm-PVA-β-CD ternary systems have been well characterized by using a fluorescent probe, coumarin-102. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence microscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence studies have been performed to substantiate steady-state fluorescence experiments. The results indicate the occurrence of a competitive interaction between the hydrogen bonding of the interpolymer complexes and the host-guest interaction with β-CD, whereby the later predominates. It is probable that the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD is threaded with linear polymers, thus forming a macromolecular supraassembly. It has also been concluded that PAAm preferentially interacts with β-CD by compromising its interaction with PVA. The enhanced deposition and retention of actives with this system was studied with a single species regrowth assay, antibacterial efficacy and the cell viability were studied using the live-dead staining protocol. This therefore opens new avenues in the targeted delivery of actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Das
- Unilever R and D Bangalore, 64 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
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Sonodynamic excitation of Rose Bengal for eradication of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:684930. [PMID: 23509759 PMCID: PMC3591171 DOI: 10.1155/2013/684930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy based on photosensitizers activated by illumination is limited by poor penetration of visible light through skin and tissues. In order to overcome this problem, Rose Bengal was excited in the dark by 28 kHz ultrasound and was applied for inactivation of bacteria. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that the sonodynamic technique is effective for eradication of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. The net sonodynamic effect was calculated as a 3-4 log10 reduction in bacteria concentration, depending on the cell and the Rose Bengal concentration and the treatment time. Sonodynamic treatment may become a novel and effective form of antimicrobial therapy and can be used for low-temperature sterilization of medical instruments and surgical accessories.
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The potential of liposomes as dental drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Drulis-Kawa Z, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A. Liposomes as delivery systems for antibiotics. Int J Pharm 2010; 387:187-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Kim JC, Song ME, Lee EJ, Park SK, Rang MJ, Ahn HJ. Preparation and Characterization of Triclosan-Containing Microcapsules by Complex Coacervation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/dis-100107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Vyas SP, Sihorkar V, Jain S. Mannosylated liposomes for bio-film targeting. Int J Pharm 2007; 330:6-13. [PMID: 16997519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 08/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular systems in general are investigated to achieve bacterial bio-film targeting as their architecture mimics bio-membranes in terms of structure and bio-behavior. This paper elaborates upon the role of the inherent characteristics of the carrier system and further envisages the role of anchored ligands in navigating the contents in the vicinity of bio-films. Vesicles in the present study were coated with hydrophobic derivatives of mannan (cholesteryl mannan and sialo-mannan). The prepared vesicles were characterized for size, shape, percentage entrapment and ligand binding specificity and results were compared with the uncoated versions. Using a set of in vitro and in vivo models, the bio-film targeting potential of plain and mannosylated liposomal formulations were compared. Results suggested that mannosylated vesicles could be effectively targeted to the model bacterial bio-films, compared with plain vesicles. Moreover, the sialo-mannan coated liposomes recorded superior targetability as reflected in the significantly higher percentage growth inhibition when compared with cholesteryl mannan coated liposomes. The engineered systems thus have the potential use for the delivery of anti-microbial agents to the bio-films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India.
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Kim JC, Lee HY, Kim MH, Lee HJ, Kang HY, Kim SM. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/gelatin microcapsules containing triclosan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 52:52-6. [PMID: 16930960 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan/gelatin (C/G) microcapsules containing triclosan were prepared by a spray drying method. The core material, triclosan (TS) dissolved in octyl salicylate (OS), were emulsified in an aqueous solution containing variable ratios of chitosan/gelatin. The microcapsules were obtained by spray-drying the emulsions. On the scanning electron micrographs, the microcapsules were spherical and exhibited a core and shell morphology. The thermograms of the microcapsules showed no evidence for the melting of TS, suggesting that TS remained dissolved in the cores of the microcapsules and did not exist as a solid crystalline even after dry microcapsules were formed. According to the results of microelectrophoresis study, the point of zero charge of the microcapsules occurred around pH 9.0 and a higher content of chitosan in the microcapsule wall resulted in a higher positive charge of zeta potential. The degree of release of TS and OS from the C/G microcapsules in an aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was investigated. When chitosan is included in the wall of microcapsules, the degree of release was suppressed. This indicates that chitosan forms a more compact wall than gelatin. On the other hand, TS was released much more than OS. The preferred release of TS is probably due to the higher solubility of TS in the HP-beta-CD solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chul Kim
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja 2-dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmed K, Jones MN. The effect of shear on the desorption of liposomes adsorbed to bacterial biofilms. J Liposome Res 2003; 13:187-97. [PMID: 12855112 DOI: 10.1081/lpr-120020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the aid of a flow cell assembly the desorption of cationic liposomes prepared from mixtures of dipalmitoylphoshatidylcholine (DDPC), cholesterol, and either dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) or 3,beta[N-(N1,N-dimethylethylenediamine)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-chol) from immobilized biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus has been studied as a function of shear stress by confocal microscopy. A shear stress theory has been adapted from fluid mechanics of laminar flow between parallel plates and used to determine the critical shear stress for liposome desorption. The critical shear stress for both DDAB and DC-chol liposomes has been determined as a function of cationic lipid content and hence surface charge as reflected in their zeta potentials. The critical shear stress has been used to obtain the potential energy of liposome-biofilm interaction which together with the electrostatic interaction energy has enabled estimates of the London-Hamaker constants to be made. The values of the London-Hamaker constants at small liposome-bacterial cell separation were found to be independent of liposome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ahmed K, Gribbon PN, Jones MN. The application of confocal microscopy to the study of liposome adsorption onto bacterial biofilms. J Liposome Res 2002; 12:285-300. [PMID: 12519626 DOI: 10.1081/lpr-120016195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy has been used to visualise the adsorption of fluorescently labelled liposomes on immobilised biofilms of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The liposomes were prepared with a wide range of compositions with phosphatidylcholines as the predominant lipids using the extrusion technique. They had weight average diameters of 125 +/- 5 nm and were prepared with encapsulated carboxyfluorescein. Cationic liposomes were prepared by incorporating dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) or 3, beta [N-(N1,N1 dimethylammonium ethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-chol) and anionic liposomes were prepared by incorporation of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Pegylated cationic liposomes were prepared by incorporation of DDAB and 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-N-[polyethylene glycol)-2000]. Confocal laser scanned images showed the preferential adsorption of the fluorescent cationic liposomes at the biofilm-bulk phase interface which on quantitation gave fluorescent peaks at the interface when scanned perpendicular (z-direction) to the biofilm surface (x-y plane). The biofilm fluorescence enhancement (BFE) at the interface was examined as a function of liposomal lipid concentration and liposome composition. Studies of the extent of pegylation of the cationic liposomes incorporating DDAB, on adsorption at the biofilm-bulk phase interface were made. The results demonstrated that pegylation inhibited adsorption to the bacterial biofilms as seen by the decline in the peak of fluorescence as the mole% DPPE-PEG-2000 was increased in a range from 0 to 9 mole%. The results indicate that confocal laser scanning microscopy is a useful technique for the study of liposome adsorption to bacterial biofilms and complements the method based on the use of radiolabelled liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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25
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Kim JC, Song ME, Kim MJ, Lee EJ, Park SK, Rang MJ, Ahn HJ. Preparation and characterization of Triclosan-containing vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(02)00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Sihorkar V, Vyas SP. Biofilm consortia on biomedical and biological surfaces: delivery and targeting strategies. Pharm Res 2001; 18:1247-54. [PMID: 11683236 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013073508318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms have been observed as congregates and attached communities on a diverse range of microecosystems of medicinal and industrial importance. Until recently, most investigations have been performed on planktonic (floating or fluid phase) microorganisms. After realization of the biofilm existence and their recalcitrance toward conventionally adopted preventive strategies and antimicrobial agents, research has been shifted toward novel therapeutics based drug delivery and targeting approaches. With the emergence of various biofilm models and methods to assess biofilm formation and physiology, it is pivotal to discuss various novel strategies that may become the therapeutic tools and clinically adaptable strategies of the future. This review explores various novel research strategies studied to date for their potential in effective biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sihorkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
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27
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Robinson AM, Bannister M, Creeth JE, Jones MN. The interaction of phospholipid liposomes with mixed bacterial biofilms and their use in the delivery of bactericide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Scott MJ, Jones MN. The interaction of phospholipid liposomes with zinc citrate particles: a microcalorimetric investigation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(00)00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Catuogno C, Jones MN. The interaction of cationic and anionic vesicles with zinc citrate dispersions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(99)00296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Vyas SP, Sihorkar V, Mishra V. Controlled and targeted drug delivery strategies towards intraperiodontal pocket diseases. J Clin Pharm Ther 2000; 25:21-42. [PMID: 10771461 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and microbiology of periodontal pocket flora have revolutionized the strategies for the management of intraperiodontal pocket diseases. Intra-pocket, sustained release, drug delivery devices have been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of periodontal infections. Several degradable and non-degradable devices are under investigation for the delivery of antimicrobial agents into the periodontal pocket including non-biodegradable fibres, films (biodegradable and non-biodegradable), bio-absorbable dental materials, biodegradable gels/ointments, injectables and microcapsules. With the realization that pocket bacteria accumulate as biofilms, studies are now being directed towards eliminating/killing biofilm concentrations rather than their planktonic (fluid phase) counterparts. Intraperiodontal pocket drug delivery has emerged as a novel paradigm for the future research. Similarly, bioadhesive delivery systems are explored that could significantly improve oral therapeutics for periodontal disease and mucosal lesions. A strategy is to target a wide range of molecular mediators of tissue destruction and hence arrest periodontal disease progression. Research into regenerating periodontal structures lost as a result of disease has also shown substantial progress in the last 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P., India.
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31
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Kim HJ, Michael Gias EL, Jones MN. The adsorption of cationic liposomes to Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Garrett FE, Goel S, Yasul J, Koch RA. Liposomes fuse with sperm cells and induce activation by delivery of impermeant agents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1417:77-88. [PMID: 10076037 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cell activation is a critical step in fertilization. To directly investigate the cell signaling events leading to sperm activation it is necessary to deliver membrane impermeant agents into the cytoplasm. In this study, the use of liposomes as possible agent-loading vectors was examined using (1) the octadecylrhodamine B (R18) and NBD phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD DHPE)/rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine (rhod DHPE) fusion assays in bulk samples, (2) membrane transfer of fluorescence from liposome membranes labeled with R18 and rhodamine-tagged phosphatidylethanolamine (TRITC DHPE), and (3) lumenal transfer of impermeant calcium ions from liposomes to sperm cells, a process that stimulated sperm cell activation. Intermediate-sized unilamellar liposomes (98.17+/-15.34 nm) were prepared by the detergent-removal technique using sodium cholate as the detergent and a phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol (2:1:1 mole ratio) lipid composition. In the R18 fusion assays, self-quenching increased logarithmically with increasing concentrations of R18 in the liposome membranes; addition of unlabeled sperm to R18-labeled liposomes lead to a rapid release of self-quenching. In the NBD DHPE/rhod DHPE resonance energy transfer (RET) fusion assay, RET was rapidly reduced under similar conditions. In addition, individual sperm became fluorescent when TRITC DHPE-labeled liposomes were incubated with unlabeled sperm cells. Incubation of sperm cells with empty liposomes did not significantly affect sperm cell activation and did not alter cell morphology. However, incubation with Ca (10 mM)-loaded liposomes resulted in a time-dependent increase in sperm cell activation (7.5-fold over controls after 15 min). We conclude that liposomes can be used for direct loading of membrane-impermeant agents into sea squirt sperm cell cytoplasm, and that delivery occurs via fusion and content intermixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Garrett
- Sperm Cell Biology and Gamete Ultrastructure Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, P.O. Box 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA
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Attia SA, Shepherd VE, Rosenblatt MN, Davidson MK, Hughes JA. Interaction of oligodeoxynucleotides with mycobacteria: implications for new therapeutic strategies. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 1998; 8:207-14. [PMID: 9669658 DOI: 10.1089/oli.1.1998.8.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of synthetic oligonucleotides (ONs) to systematically address new pharmacologic targets in mycobacteria would enhance the introduction of new molecular targets for drug intervention. Oligonucleotides' mechanism of action allows researchers to pursue the importance of particular proteins without the requirement of having purified samples. For this approach to be effective, mycobacteria must be able to transport ONs to their cytoplasm, and if this is not the case, the agents must be otherwise delivered. In this report, we characterize the ability of phosphorothioate (PS) and phosphorodiester (PD) ONs to interact with both Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, the use of delivery enhancer compounds, ethambutol and PAMAM dendrimer, was evaluated on the ON-mycobacteria interaction. ON interaction was demonstrated to be concentration-dependent, suggesting a possibly active component of the oligonucleotide and bacteria interaction. ON interaction could be increased by the coincubation of the bacteria with the delivery adjuvants. Treatment with ethambutol or dendrimers (fourth generation) was demonstrated to increase ON interaction with both species of mycobacteria although not to the same extent. The results of these preliminary experiments indicate that through use of the proper delivery adjuvant, ON interactions with mycobacteria can be increased. These findings may have implications for probing future antimycobacterial therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Jones MN, Song YH, Kaszuba M, Reboiras MD. The interaction of phospholipid liposomes with bacteria and their use in the delivery of bactericides. J Drug Target 1998; 5:25-34. [PMID: 9524311 DOI: 10.3109/10611869708995855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) incorporating the cationic lipids stearylamine (SA), dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) and dimethylaminoethane carbamoyl cholesterol (DCchol) and the anionic lipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Their adsorption to biofilms of skin-associated bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus vulgaris) and oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and sanguis) has been investigated as a function of mole % cationic and anionic lipid. Targeting (adsorption) was most effective for the systems DPPC-chol-SA, DPPC-DPPG and DPPC-PI liposomes to S. epidermidis. The effect of extracellular mucopolysaccharide on targeting was investigated for S. epidermidis biofilms. It was found that targeting increased with the level of extracellular mucopolysaccharide for all liposome compositions studied. The delivery of the oil-soluble bactericide Triclosan and the water soluble bactericide chlorhexidine was studied for a number of liposomal compositions. Superior delivery of both bactericides relative to the free bactericide occurred for DPPC-chol-SA liposomes and for Triclosan delivery by DPPC-DPPG and DPPC-PI liposomes targeted to S. epidermidis at low bactericide concentrations. DPPC-chol-SA liposomes were also effective for delivery of Triclosan to S. sanguis biofilms. Double labelling experiments using [14C]-chlorhexidine and [3H]-DPPC suggested that there was exchange between adsorbed liposomes which had delivered bactericide to the biofilm and those in the bulk solution implying a diffusion mechanism for bactericide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K
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Robinson AM, Creeth JE, Jones MN. The specificity and affinity of immunoliposome targeting to oral bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1369:278-86. [PMID: 9518649 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoliposomes have been prepared using antibodies raised to an antigenic determinant on the cell surface of the oral bacterium Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) in an investigation of their potential to reduce dental plaque. The N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate (SATA) derivative of the antibodies were conjugated through the reactive m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide (MBS) derivative of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) incorporated into liposomes. The degree of antibody conjugation to the liposomes was controlled by the percentage of DPPEMBS incorporated into the liposomes. The chemical modification of the antibodies did not affect the ability of the antibodies to bind to a S. oralis biofilm. However, the affinity of the immunoliposomes for S. oralis was much lower than that of the free antibody. The anti-oralis antibodies were highly specific for S. oralis. The anti-oralis immunoliposomes showed the greatest affinity for S. oralis, when targeted to a range of different oral bacterial biofilms. The immunoliposome targeting affinity for S. oralis was largely unaffected by the number of antibodies conjugated to the liposomal surface or by the net charge of the liposomal lipid bilayer. The immunoliposomes showed a greater affinity for S. oralis than 'naked' (bearing no antibody) liposomes. However, positively charged liposomes, incorporating stearylamine, adsorbed to S. oralis with greater affinities than the immunoliposomes. The immunoliposomes appeared to be physically stable over a period of 18 months, as judged by particle-size measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Hill KJ, Kaszuba M, Creeth JE, Jones MN. Reactive liposomes encapsulating a glucose oxidase-peroxidase system with antibacterial activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1326:37-46. [PMID: 9188798 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes were prepared from phospholipid mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), encapsulating the enzymes glucose oxidase (GO) and GO in combination with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) by both extrusion (VET) and reverse-phase evaporation (REV). The optimum level of PI in DPPC/PI liposomes for targeting to biofilms of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii has been established. The liposomes were characterised in terms of the content and activity of the encapsulated enzymes. The antibacterial activity of these 'reactive' liposomes arising from hydrogen peroxide and oxyacids in the presence of the substrates glucose and iodide ions, after targeting to the biofilms, were measured both as a function of liposome-biofilm incubation time and incubation time with the substrates. Bacterial inhibition increases with both liposome-biofilm and substrate-biofilm incubation time and with the extent of enzyme encapsulation. The reactive liposomes also display antibacterial activity in the presence of saliva. The reactive liposomes have potential value in the context of oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Hill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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39
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Sanderson NM, Guo B, Jacob AE, Handley PS, Cunniffe JG, Jones MN. The interaction of cationic liposomes with the skin-associated bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis: effects of ionic strength and temperature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1283:207-14. [PMID: 8809101 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(96)00099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes have been prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol (Chol) and stearylamine (SA). These phospholipid vesicles were exposed to adsorbed biofilms of the skin-associated bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, to which they showed a strong affinity. The interaction (as assessed by the apparent monolayer coverage of the biofilms by liposomes) was described in terms of a Langmuir adsorption isotherm which enabled determination of the maximum theoretical coverage of the bacterial surface and association/dissociation constants. The interaction was shown to be dependent on the ionic strength of the surrounding medium; on increasing the ionic strength the biofilm-vesicle dissociation constant decreased. This suggested that the adsorption was mediated by electrostatic effects. The adsorption of the vesicles was examined at various temperatures, enabling determination of thermodynamic parameters for the interaction. The adsorbed state of the liposomes was energetically favoured and the interaction was enthalpy driven. The Gibbs energies of adsorption were in a range from -15 to -19 kJ mol-1 and the enthalpies of adsorption from -26 to -22 kJ mol-1. Studies using cell populations of different hydrophobicity showed that the hydrophobic character of the bacterial cells also had an effect on the adsorption of the vesicles to the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Sanderson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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