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Valtolina C, Vaandrager AB, Favier RP, Tuohetahuntila M, Kummeling A, Jeusette I, Rothuizen J, Robben JH. Sex specific differences in hepatic and plasma lipid profiles in healthy cats pre and post spaying and neutering: relationship with feline hepatic lipidosis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:231. [PMID: 28789691 PMCID: PMC5549355 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between lipid metabolism and disease has been recognized in cats. Since hepatic lipidosis is a frequent disorder in cats, the aim of the current study was to evaluate liver and plasma lipid dimorphism in healthy cats and the effects of gonadectomy on lipid profiling. From six female and six male cats plasma and liver lipid profiles before and after spaying/neutering were assessed and compared to five cats (three neutered male and two spayed female) diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis. RESULTS Intact female cats had a significantly lower level of plasma triacylglycerides (TAG) and a higher liver level of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) compared to their neutered state. Both male and female cats with lipidosis had a higher liver, but not plasma TAG level and an increased level of plasma and liver sphingomyelin compared to the healthy cats. CONCLUSION Although lipid dimorphism in healthy cats resembles that of other species, intact female cats show differences in metabolic configuration that could predispose them to develop hepatic lipidosis. The increased sphingomyelin levels in cats with lipidosis could suggest a potential role in the pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Jeusette
- Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, Pl. Xavier Cugat, 2 Edificio D, 3ª, Planta, 08174 St. Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gustafson A, Lillienberg L, Svanborg A. Human Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Composition during the Menstrual Cycle. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00365517409100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Burdge GC, Slater-Jefferies JL, Grant RA, Chung WS, West AL, Lillycrop KA, Hanson MA, Calder PC. Sex, but not maternal protein or folic acid intake, determines the fatty acid composition of hepatic phospholipids, but not of triacylglycerol, in adult rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:73-9. [PMID: 18093817 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the protein and folic acid content of the maternal diet and the sex of the offspring alter the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of hepatic phospholipids and triacylglycerol (TAG). Pregnant rats were fed diets containing 18% or 9% protein with either 1 or 5mg/kg folic acid. Maternal diet did not alter hepatic lipid composition in the adult offspring. Data from each maternal dietary group were combined and reanalysed. The proportion of 18:0, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 in liver phospholipids was higher in females than in males, while hepatic TAG composition did not differ between sexes. Delta5 Desaturase expression was higher in females than in males. Neither Delta5 nor Delta6 desaturase expression was related to polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. These results suggest that sex differences in liver phospholipid fatty acid composition may reflect primary differences in the specificity of phospholipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Burdge
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
A mechanistic definition of the dystrophic process is proposed, and the effects of growth factors vs. down-regulation of growth are critically analyzed. A conceptual scheme is presented to illustrate the steps leading to pathology, and various compensatory systems which ameliorate the pathology are examined, particularly in regards to the mdv mouse which is resistant to the deficiency of dystrophin, the main protein product of the Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) gene. These compensatory systems are analyzed in terms of the differential resistance of fiber types to pathogenesis. The generation of a stable population of maturationally arrested centronucleated fibers which express the mature adult myosin isoforms is proposed to be the main strategy of mdx muscle to minimize apoptosis. Physiological properties of these fibers, such as utrophin expression, and high mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum content, together with probable increased glycerophosphorylcholine concentrations and facile access to the vascular system, are hypothesized to be instrumental in their resistance to pathogenesis. It is proposed that the major element that determines the susceptibility of most human muscles to the dystrophic process is their inability to arrest the maturation of regenerated fibers at the centronucleated stage with a concomitant expression of the adult myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Infante
- Institute for Theoretical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14852-4512, USA
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5
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Svanborg A. Clinical problems in the neuroendocrinology of aging. Neurobiol Aging 1994; 15:485-7. [PMID: 7969727 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(94)90084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Svanborg
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Section of Geriatric Medicine (787) 60612
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Gerasimova E, Perova N, Ozerova I, Polessky V, Metelskaya V, Sherbakova I, Levachev M, Kulakova S, Nikitin YU, Astakhova T. The effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on HDL cholesterol in Chukot residents vs muscovites. Lipids 1991; 26:261-5. [PMID: 1907706 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Native Chukot Peninsula residents, in contrast to Muscovites, consume a diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This dietary peculiarity is reflected in differences in plasma lipid and apolipoprotein contents. The Chukot residents have lower contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, but higher HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels than do Muscovites. The apolipoprotein A-I levels were identical in both groups. A higher HDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I ratio was determined in the coastline Chukot residents (0.52 +/- 0.01) than in Muscovites (0.43 +/- 0.01; p less than 0.01). In contrast to Muscovites, the coastline Chukot residents also had higher n-3 and lower n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages in plasma and erythrocyte lipids, and lower phosphatidylcholine and higher sphingomyelin or phosphatidylethanolamine levels in HDL2b and HDL3. The higher HDL cholesterol levels in the plasma of the coastline Chukot residents appears to reflect the higher cholesterol-scavenging capacity of their HDL. We conclude from this study that the regular consumption of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the coastline Chukot residents decreased LDL cholesterol transfer from plasma to peripheral cells, and enhanced cholesterol efflux from cellular membranes toward HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerasimova
- Department of Biochemistry, USSR Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow
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7
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Graham A, Zammit VA, Christie WW, Brindley DN. Sexual dimorphism in the preferential secretion of unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine by rat hepatocytes but no secretion by sheep hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1081:151-8. [PMID: 1998732 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90020-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
(1) Rat and ovine hepatocytes were incubated in monolayer culture with various fatty acids to determine their effects on the composition of the lysophosphatidylcholine that was secreted. (2) No lysophosphatidylcholine was detected in the medium from the ovine hepatocytes even though these cells were hormonally responsive and they secreted phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol in very-low-density lipoprotein. (3) Lysophosphatidylcholine was readily detected in the incubation medium of rat hepatocytes. The predominant fatty acids in this lipid were unsaturated. Stearate and arachidonate contributed 15 and 34%, and 24 and 26% of the total fatty acids when hepatocytes from male and female rats were used, respectively. The relative proportions of stearate and arachidonate in the phosphatidylcholine secreted from the hepatocytes were 20 and 14%, and 28 and 21% for the males and females, respectively. The equivalent values for stearate and arachidonate for phosphatidylcholine in the hepatocytes were 18 and 17% and 33 and 22% for male and female rats. These results provide further indications of sex differences in hepatic phospholipid metabolism and extend this to the secretion of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. (4) The addition of 1 mM stearate to the incubation medium did not significantly decrease the proportion of arachidonate in the lysophosphatidylcholine obtained from the hepatocytes of the male rats. However, the relative proportion of arachidonate was decreased in incubations that contained 1 mM oleate or linoleate. (5) The results provide evidence that the preferential secretion of unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine by the liver may provide a system for transporting unsaturated fatty acids and choline to other organs in non-ruminant animals. However, this mechanism may not operate for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Lipid, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada
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8
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Liquid chromatographic determination of the species composition of membrane lipids and their derivatives. Chem Nat Compd 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00597645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Oscarsson J, Edén S. Sex differences in fatty acid composition of rat liver phosphatidylcholine are regulated by the plasma pattern of growth hormone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 959:280-7. [PMID: 3355851 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of continuous and intermittent (at 12 h intervals) administration of growth hormone (GH), and the effects of gonadal steroids on the regulation of the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine were studied in gonadectomized and hypophysectomized adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Gonadal steroids have been shown to influence the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine in the rat. It is shown in the present study that neither testosterone nor estradiol had any effects on liver phosphatidylcholine in hypophysectomized rats. There was a 'masculinizing' effect of hypophysectomy of female rats on the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine (i.e., an increase in the proportion of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids and a decrease in the proportion of stearic and arachidonic acids). Continuous infusion of human GH and bovine GH partly reversed the 'masculinizing' effect of hypophysectomy. In contrast, there were no effects of intermittent administration of human GH. Also, there was no effect of prolactin infusion. It is concluded that the sexually dimorphic secretory pattern of GH may be involved in the regulation of the sexual differentiation of the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oscarsson
- Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Edén S, Oscarsson J, Jansson JO, Svanborg A. The influence of gonadal steroids and the pituitary on the levels and composition of plasma phospholipids in the rat. Metabolism 1987; 36:527-32. [PMID: 3587015 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(87)90161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal steroids have been shown to influence plasma phospholipids. In the present study, the possible interaction between gonadal steroids and the pituitary in the regulation of plasma phospholipids was studied in rats. The total phospholipid concentration (higher in females) and the fatty acid composition of plasma lecithin was different in male compared to female rats. Gonadectomy resulted in a "feminization" of plasma phospholipids (total concentration and fatty acids in lecithin) in male rats but had no effect in females. Testosterone treatment of gonadectomized males or intact females resulted in a "masculinization" of plasma phospholipids, whereas estrogen treatment of intact males resulted in a "feminization." Hypophysectomy resulted in a marked decrease in plasma phospholipid concentration and the fatty acid composition of lecithin showed a "masculine" pattern in both males and females. Neither testosterone nor estrogen treatment had any effects on plasma phospholipids in hypophysectomized male and female rats, respectively. It is concluded that gonadal steroids and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis interact in the regulation of the synthetic and perhaps also degradative pathways controlling plasma phospholipids.
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11
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Pelech SL, Vance DE. Regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 779:217-51. [PMID: 6329299 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(84)90010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Lillienberg L, Korsan-Bengtsen K, Olausson M, Svanborg A. Inhibition of the availability of platelet factor 3 by increased concentration of lecithin in platelets caused by gonadal steroids. Thromb Res 1981; 22:579-91. [PMID: 7302906 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(81)90057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Thompson JA, Reitz RC. Effects of ethanol ingestion and dietary fat levels on mitochondrial lipids in male and female rats. Lipids 1978; 13:540-50. [PMID: 703531 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Holub BJ, Kuksis A. Metabolism of molecular species of diacylglycerophospholipids. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1978; 16:1-125. [PMID: 362863 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024916-9.50007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Zwingelstein G, Meister R, Brichon G. [Comparative metabolism of phospholipids of osmoregulation effector organs in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)]. Biochimie 1975; 57:609-22. [PMID: 1182217 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(75)80142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid composition from various organs of the fresh water eel, such as gill, kidney, gut, liver and muscle, were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The major phosphatides found in these tissues were PC, PE and SPH and minor constituents PS, PI, DPG, AP and also LPC in the gut. A greater percentage of PS and SPH occurs in the osmoregulatory effector organs such as gill, kidney, and gut. From in vivo comparative kinetic studies of the 32P incorporation into the phospholipids, between 6 and 48 hours, certain remarkable features of phospholipid metabolism have been found in these tissues. A low uptake of inorganic 32P into the tissue lipid phosphorus was observed in the eel at 15 degrees C. The specific activity of the lipid phosphorus increased continuously in all tissues during 48 hours after 32P injection. During this experimental period, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl inositol fractions were labelled most rapidly in gill, kidney and gut, while the specific activity of the phosphatidyl choline fraction remained low in these organs. In liver, the rate of PC formation appears to be faster than the PI and PE biosynthesis. In gill and gut, the PE showed greater turnover than the PC as measured by 32P incorporation. In the eel, an euryhalin fish, the DPG of osmoregulatory effector organs has a high specific activity at all times. PS showed only a high specific activity in the gill. Labelling of SPH occured slowly in the various tissues only becoming evident after 24 hours. The results are compared with those published for other poikilotherm and homeotherm vertebrates. Relative differences between the turnover of various tissue phosphatides are discussed with of reference to the general scheme on phospholipid biosynthesis and to the physiological functions of the various organs.
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Lyman RL, Giotas C, Medwadowski B, Miljanich P. Effect of low methionine, choline deficient diets upon major unsaturated phosphatidyl choline fractions of rat liver and plasma. Lipids 1975; 10:157-67. [PMID: 1128170 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To see how the metabolism of specific phosphatidyl choline fractions might be affected when only a limited source of methyl groups was available, rats were fed for 7 days a low methionine, choline-deficient diet or one supplemented with either choline or methionine. Prior to killing, they were injected with -14C-methyl methionine and liver and plasma phosphatidyl choline isolated and separated by argentation chromatography into 3 major unsaturated fractions. Fatty acid composition and radioactivity of the fractions were determined. Deficient rats had reduced total liver phosphatidyl choline when compared with the supplemented groups, but the proportions of 20:4 and 22:6 fatty acids in the total phosphatidyl choline were unchanged. Plasma phosphatidyl choline also was reduced sharply by the deficiency, as was its proportion of 20:4 fatty acid. Specific activities of the liver 22:6, 20:4, and 18:2 phosphatidyl choline fractions showed that deficient rats had less radioactivity in their 20:4 and 18:2 phosphatidyl choline than did the supplemented animals. Plasma phosphatidyl choline fractions presented a similar pattern. Feeding methionine or choline nearly doubled radioactive methyl group incorporation into the 20:4 phosphatidyl choline fraction of liver and plasma, while incorporation into the 22:6 phosphatidyl choline was reduced or unchanged. The results suggested that, in the rat, limited availability of methyl groups altered the metabolism of liver and plasma phosphatidyl choline fractions. Methionine, as a source of labile methyl groups, appears necessary for the normal synthesis of certain unsaturated phosphatidyl choline fractions (particularly 20:4 phosphatidyl choline). Transmethylation of phosphatidyl ethanolamine molecular species to the corresponding phosphatidyl choline species may be an important reaction in normal lipid metabolism and transport. Relative affinities for incorporation of the labeled methyl groups into the phosphatidyl choline fractions of either deficient or supplemented rats were: 22:6 less than 20:4 less than 18:2.
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Roberti R, Binaglia L, Michal G, Brunetti M, Porcellati G. The effect of acute ethanol ingestion on in vitro metabolism of choline and ethanol derivatives in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1974; 23:3289-98. [PMID: 4441416 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(74)90652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Sgoutas DS, Jones R, Leight M. Distribution of dietary elaidic acid in subcellular particles of rat liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(73)90090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Lyman RL, Sheehan G, Tinoco J. Phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism in rats fed a low methionine, choline-deficient diet. Lipids 1973; 8:71-9. [PMID: 4710380 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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van den Bosch H, van Golde LM, van Deenen LL. Dynamics of phosphoglycerides. ERGEBNISSE DER PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE UND EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKOLOGIE 1972; 66:13-145. [PMID: 4566505 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-05882-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Beare-Rogers JL. Liver phospholipids of rats fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with choline or methionine. Lipids 1971; 6:649-51. [PMID: 4334828 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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YOUNG DAVIDL. Estradiol- and testosterone-induced alterations in phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride synthesis in hepatic endoplasmic reticulum. J Lipid Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Pinto RE, Bartley W. The nature of the sex-linked differences in glutathione peroxidase activity and aerobic oxidation of glutathione in male and female rat liver. Biochem J 1969; 115:449-56. [PMID: 5353520 PMCID: PMC1185123 DOI: 10.1042/bj1150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
1. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the livers of sham-operated female rats was about 60% higher than in similarly treated male rats. The value in the ovariectomized female was about the same as that in the castrated or sham-operated male. 2. Glutathione peroxidase activity changed during the oestrous cycle. The highest value was in oestrus, and was about 50% higher than the lowest activity, which was found in dioestrus. The activity in proestrus and in metoestrus was respectively about 20 and 30% higher than in dioestrus. 3. In the pregnant female 1 or 2 days before term, glutathione peroxidase activity was about 20% higher than that in the female in oestrus. 4. Subcutaneous implants of both oestra-diol and progesterone in the gonadectomized rats increased the glutathione peroxidase activity approximately to the values found in the female at oestrus. 5. The rate of aerobic oxidation of GSH in the female rat liver was about 80% higher than in the male and about 110% higher than in the gonadectomized rats. Treatment of gonadectomized rats with subcutaneous implants of oestradiol and of progesterone increased the rate of oxidation of GSH by about 100%. 6. In the presence of azide the rate of GSH oxidation in the male and in the female was respectively about 3.5- and 2.1-fold that in the absence of azide. In castrated or ovariectomized rats the increase due to the presence of azide was about 2.4-fold. In the gonadectomized rats treated with oestradiol or progesterone the rate of GSH oxidation in the presence of azide was about 2.2-fold that in its absence. 7. The rate of lipid peroxidation in female was 15-30-fold that in male or in gonadectomized rats. Treatment of the gonadectomized rats with oestradiol or with progesterone increased the rate of lipid peroxidation up to values that were even higher than in the female. In the presence of GSH the formation of malonaldehyde from peroxides was virtually eliminated. 8. The results suggest that the sex-linked differences in glutathione peroxidase activity, in the rate of GSH oxidation and in the rate of lipid peroxidation are due to the female sex hormones. 9. It is suggested that both the catalase activity and the rate of hydrogen peroxide formation are higher in the male than in the female. 10. Sex-linked changes in glutathione peroxidase, in the rate of GSH oxidation and in the rate of lipid peroxide formation are discussed in relation to the metabolism of oestrogens in the liver and also to the possible nature of those sex-linked changes.
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Nilsson S, Scherstén T. Synthesis of phospholipids and triglycerides in human liver slices. I. Experimental conditions and the synthesis rate in normal liver tissue. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1969; 24:237-49. [PMID: 5375740 DOI: 10.3109/00365516909080159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Christiansen K, Gan MV, Holman RT. Sex differences in the metabolism of fatty acids in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 187:19-25. [PMID: 5811210 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Fallon HJ, Gertman M, Kemp EL. The effects of ethanol ingestion and choline deficiency on hepatic lecithin biosynthesis in the rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 187:94-104. [PMID: 5811219 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Spitzer HL, Norman JR, Morrison K. In vivo studies of [Me-3H]choline and [1,2-14C2]choline incorporation into lung and liver lecithins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 176:584-90. [PMID: 5800046 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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30
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Miller JE, Cornatzer WE. Studies on liver phosphatidyl cholines: II. Effect of sex, age and species differences on phosphatidyl cholines from liver mitochondria and microsomes. Lipids 1969; 4:102-8. [PMID: 5782069 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lyman RL, Hopkins SM, Sheehan G, Tinoco J. Incorporation and distribution of [Me-14C]methionine methyl into liver phosphatidylcholine fractions from control and essential fatty acid deficient rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 176:86-94. [PMID: 5766030 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lombardi B, Pani P, Schlunk FF, Shi-Hua C. Labelling of liver and plasma lecithins after injection of 1-2-14C-2-demethylaminoethanol and 14C-L-methionine-methyl to choline deficient rats. Lipids 1969; 4:67-75. [PMID: 5766852 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nishigori H, Aizawa Y. Effect of estradiol on the phospholipid biosynthesis from choline-1,2-14C ethanolamine-2-14C and serine-3-14C in rat uterus and liver. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1968; 18:397-405. [PMID: 5304858 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.18.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kato R, Takanaka A, Takayanagi M. Studies on the mechanism of sex difference in drug-oxidizing activity of liver microsomes. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1968; 18:482-9. [PMID: 4388258 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.18.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tinoco J, Babcock R, McIntosh DJ, Lyman RL. The distribution of methyl label into molecular species of liver lecithins from female rats injected with [Me-14C]methionine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 164:129-31. [PMID: 5680289 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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