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Pomfret EA, daCosta KA, Zeisel SH. Effects of choline deficiency and methotrexate treatment upon rat liver. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 1:533-41. [PMID: 15539171 DOI: 10.1016/0955-2863(90)90039-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/1990] [Accepted: 05/18/1990] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Choline deficiency and treatment with methotrexate (MTX) both are associated with fatty infiltration of the liver. Choline, methionine, and folate metabolism are interrelated and converge at the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. MTX perturbs folate metabolism, and it is possible that it also influences choline metabolism. We fed rats a choline deficient diet for 2 weeks and/or treated them with methotrexate (MTX; 0.1 mg/kg daily). Choline deficiency lowered hepatic concentrations of choline (to 43% control), phosphocholine (PCho; to 18% control), glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho; to 46% control), betaine (to 30% control), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho; to 62% control), methionine (to 80% control), and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet; to 57% control), while S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) and triacylglycerol concentrations increased (to 126% and 319% control, respectively). MTX treatment alone lowered hepatic concentrations of PCho (to 48% control), GroPCho (to 69% control), betaine (to 55% control), and AdoMet (to 75% control). The addition of MTX treatment to choline deficiency resulted in a larger decrease in AdoMet concentrations (to 75% control) and larger increases in AdoHcy and triacylglycerol concentrations (to 150% and 500% control, respectively) than was observed in choline deficiency alone. Livers from MTX-treated animals used radiolabeled choline to make the same metabolites as did livers from controls (most of the label was converted to PCho and betaine). In choline deficient animals, most of the labeled choline was converted to PtdCho. Therefore, MTX depleted hepatic PCho, GroPCho, and betaine by a mechanism that was different from that of choline deficiency. MTX increased the extent of fatty infiltration of the liver in choline deficient rats, and choline deficiency and MTX treatment damaged hepatocytes as measured by leakage of alanine aminotransferase activity. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the fatty infiltration of the liver associated with MTX treatment occurs because of a disturbance in choline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Pomfret
- Nutrient Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Samborski RW, Ridgway ND, Vance DE. Metabolism of molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in rat hepatocytes during prolonged inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. J Lipid Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Robinson BS, Snoswell AM, Setchell BP. The enterohepatic recycling of bile choline in sheep. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 88:283-9. [PMID: 2890469 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Measurement of unesterified choline in blood samples taken from five conscious multi-cannulated sheep indicated a significant production of unesterified choline by the alimentary tract, as judged by the portal venous minus arterial difference and significant uptake by the liver, as judged from the portal venous minus hepatic venous and arterial minus hepatic venous differences. 2. A mean liver blood flow rate of 1.68 +/- 0.22 1/min for the five sheep was determined by bromosulphophthalein clearance and, combined with the differences in unesterified choline across organs, gave a production rate of free choline of 9.1 mmol/day by the alimentary tract and an uptake by the liver of 13.2 mmol/day. 3. Infusion of [methyl-3H]choline chloride into the portal vein of a sheep over 1 hr and subsequent isolation of the bile for several days showed over 70% cumulative recovery of the radioactivity in the choline moiety of bile phosphatidylcholine over a 120 hr period. 4. Subsequent infusion 17 days later of bile lipid [3H]choline via a duodenal fistula also gave approx. 70% cumulative recovery of radioactivity in the choline moiety of newly secreted bile phosphatidylcholine in 120 hr. 5. These results show a very extensive enterohepatic recirculation of bile choline in the sheep, which is in contrast to the situation in monogastric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Robinson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Gonmori K, Morita T, Mehendale HM. Effect of chlorphentermine on incorporation of [14C]choline in the rat lung phospholipids. Lipids 1986; 21:230-4. [PMID: 3702614 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chlorphentermine (CP) treatment (50 mg/kg/day, per os [po]) on the incorporation of [14C]choline into rat lung phospholipid was studied. Total phospholipid content was increased 2.0-fold and 1.7-fold after seven and 14 days, respectively, compared with the pair-fed rats. The incorporation of [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine (PC) was significantly inhibited by either seven or 14 days of CP treatment. Nevertheless, the PC content was significantly increased by day 7 and stayed elevated at day 14 of CP treatment. Choline and phosphorylcholine contents were significantly decreased by the CP treatment. These results suggest that the higher accumulation of PC is due to inhibition of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids rather than to a stimulation of the phospholipid synthesis.
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Lloveras J, Hamza M, Chap H, Douste-Blazy L. Action of hemicholinium-3 on phospholipid metabolism in Krebs II ascites cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34:3987-93. [PMID: 4062973 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of [Me-14C]choline or/and [2-14C]ethanolamine into phospholipids of Krebs II ascites cells in toto have been tested in the presence of hemicholinium-3. With [Me-14C]choline, labelling of cell pellet, intracellular choline, phosphocholine and total lipid extract is inhibited by hemicholinium-3 in a dose-dependent way between 6.25 X 10(-6) M and 10(-3) M. These effects are caused by a diminution of the choline or/and ethanolamine transport across the cell membrane and by a choline-kinase inhibition. In Krebs cells, choline is taken up by a low affinity Na+ sensitive uptake system (KT = 46 X 10(-6) M) which is competitively inhibited by hemicholinium-3 (KTi = 161 X 10(-6) M). Krebs cells exert a counter-transport (i.e. an exchange of choline across the membrane) against a concentration gradient of 10 mM choline whereas 10 mM hemicholinium-3 has no effect. Choline-kinase is also inhibited (I50 = 57 X 10(-6) M) in Krebs cells in toto and time-course data suggest that choline transport and phosphorylation might be tightly coupled. Specific radioactivities of phosphocholine and choline-glycerophospholipids decrease owing to the effect of the drug on the uptake and phosphorylation system. With 4 X 10(-5) M hemicholinium-3 and [Me-14C]choline as a marker, labelled choline-glycerophospholipids are decreased by 22%. With [2-14C]ethanolamine, labelled ethanolamine-phospholipids are decreased by 26% and choline-glycerophospholipids remain unlabelled. With the two markers, the additional effect produces a 35% decrease. It is concluded that hemicholinium-3 might be able to induce a depression of the intracellular choline and phosphocholine pool which could provoke a serious quantitative deficiency of major phospholipids in Krebs cells.
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Abstract
We have used pulse-chase labeling of Chinese hamster ovary cells with choline followed by plasma membrane isolation on cationic beads to study the transport of phosphatidylcholine from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. We have found that the process is rapid (t1/2 [25 degrees C] = 2 min) and not affected by energy poisons or by cytochalasin B, colchicine, monensin, or carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone. Cooling cells to 0 degree C effectively stops the transport process. The intracellular transport of phosphatidylcholine is distinct in several ways from the intracellular transport of cholesterol (Kaplan, M. R., and R. D. Simoni, 1985, J. Cell. Biol., 101:446-453).
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Infante JP. Biosynthesis of acyl-specific glycerophospholipids in mammalian tissues. Postulation of new pathways. FEBS Lett 1984; 170:1-14. [PMID: 6373368 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A review of the literature concerning the synthesis of acyl-specific glycerophospholipids indicates that the known biosynthetic sequences cannot satisfactorily explain these specific acylations . New de novo and salvage pathways are proposed to account for the acyl composition of highly unsaturated and saturated glycerophospholipids. In these hypothetical pathways, de novo synthesized glycerophosphodiesters are postulated to be key intermediates to establish the specific acyl composition of the resulting glycero-phospholipids, and to be integrated with the known cytidine pathways. A re-interpretation of the experimental literature in terms of these postulated pathways is provided, with some methods to test these proposed sequences.
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Robinson BS, Snoswell AM, Runciman WB, Upton RN. Uptake and output of various forms of choline by organs of the conscious chronically catheterized sheep. Biochem J 1984; 217:399-408. [PMID: 6696739 PMCID: PMC1153230 DOI: 10.1042/bj2170399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The net uptake and output of plasma unesterified choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine and lipid choline by organs of the conscious chronically catheterized sheep were measured. There was significant production of plasma unesterified choline by the upper- and lower-body regions and the alimentary tract and uptake by the liver, lungs and kidneys. The upper- and lower-body regions drained by the venae cavae provided the bulk (about 82%) of the total body venous return of plasma unesterified choline. Production of plasma unesterified choline by the alimentary tract was approximately balanced by the plasma unesterified choline taken up by the liver, and was almost equal to the amount of choline secreted in the bile. There was a considerable amount of glycerophosphocholine in the liver and there was production of plasma glycerophosphocholine by the liver and uptake by the lungs and kidneys. Glycerophosphocholine was higher in the plasma of sheep than in that of rats. Plasma phosphocholine was produced by the alimentary tract and kidneys. There was production of plasma lipid choline by the upper- and lower-body regions drained by the venae cavae. The results suggest that the sheep synthesizes substantial amounts of choline in ectrahepatic tissues and has the capacity for extensive retention and recycling of bile choline. These observations, coupled with a slow turnover of the endogenous choline body pool, explain the low requirement of sheep for dietary choline in contrast with non-ruminant species.
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Slack CR, Campbell LC, Browse JA, Roughan PG. Some evidence for the reversibility of the cholinephosphotransferasecatalysed reaction in developing linseed cotyledons in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(83)90076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barańska J. Biosynthesis and transport of phosphatidylserine in the cell. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1982; 19:163-84. [PMID: 6299068 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024919-0.50011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chapter 1 Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
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Gardiner JE, Lee HS. Uptake of 1:2-14C-choline by the guinea-pig lung in vitro: and the effects of p-terphenyl hemicholinium-3. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1982; 9:45-52. [PMID: 7094432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1982.tb00777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. The perfused guinea-pig lung in vitro released a total of 290 +/- 24 nmol choline after 65 min. At the end of perfusion, there were 525 +/- 36 nmol choline and 11.6 +/- 0.5 mg lecithin per g of lung tissue. 2. When perfused with 1:2-(14) C-choline at 20 nmol (20 nCi)/ml for 70 min, the level of choline in the perfusion fluid remained at 20 nmol/ml; but 65% of radioactivity was abstracted by the lung. 21% of the sequestered radioactivity was in choline phospholipids, chiefly lecithin. 3. The p-terphenyl analogue of hemicholinium no. 3 (TPHC-3), when added into the perfusion fluid at concentration 30 nmol/ml, increased significantly both the 14C-choline uptake and the conversion of 14C-choline to 14C-lecithin in the lung. However, it did not change the total tissue concentration of choline and lecithin in the lung. 4. The lung seems to have separate uptake and release mechanisms for choline and these are in equilibrium. 5. The effects of TPHC-3 on the lung in this study may be secondary to its respiratory depressant action.
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Filler DA, Weinhold PA. Base-exchange reactions of the phospholipids in cardiac membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 618:223-30. [PMID: 6769494 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Canine cardiac microsomes were shown to incorporate the nitrogenous bases, serine, ethanolamine, and choline, into their respective phospholipids by the energy-independent, Ca2+-stimulated base-exchange reactions. The optimal Ca2+ concentration was 2.5 mM. Metal ions other than Ca2+ either inhibited or had no effect on the activities. La3+ and Mn2+ were both potent inhibitors. The pH optimum for the reactions at 2.5 mM Ca2+ was approx. 7.8 and depended upon Ca2+ concentration. Apparent Km values at 2.5 mM Ca2+ were 0.06 mM for L-serine, 0.13 mM for ethanolamine and 0.49 mM for choline. The kinetic and metal ion inhibition studies suggest that the choline-exchange reaction is a separate process from the serine and ethanolamine reactions. The ATP-stimulated Ca2+ binding system of the cardiac membranes was not related to the base-exchange reactions; however, the energy-independent Ca2+ binding to the membranes appears to be related to the exchange reactions.
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Schuberth J, Dahlberg L. Antagonistic effects of isovalerate and glycine on plasma choline levels in rabbits. Life Sci 1980; 26:273-6. [PMID: 7354706 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(80)90337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
A membrane bound L-serine exchange enzyme which catalyzes the exchange reaction between L-serine and phospholipid-base was solubilized and separated from the ethanolamine-exchange enzyme by Sepharose 4B and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The separated fraction was purified approximately 37-fold with a yield of 2--5%. This fraction did not possess ethanolamine or choline exchange activity. The optimal pH was approx. 8.0, the incorporation rate of L-serine into phospholipid was linear up to 20 min incubation time and the activity was maximum at 10 mM CaCl2. The calculated Km value for L-serine was 0.4 mM. Ethanolamine phospholipid was the most effective acceptor for L-serine incorporation, particularly ethanolamine plasmalogen. The Km values obtained were: 0.25 mM for ethanolamine plasmalogen, 0.25mM for pig liver phosphatidylethanolamine and 0.66 mM for egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine. These observations suggest that the hydrophobic moiety in ethanolamine phospholipid, as well as the base moiety, is important for the affinity of the L-serine exchange enzyme. Neither ethanolamine nor choline inhibited the L-serine exchange activity. There was no detectable conversion of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidic acid by the partially purified enzyme.
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Holub BJ, Kuksis A. Metabolism of molecular species of diacylglycerophospholipids. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1978; 16:1-125. [PMID: 362863 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024916-9.50007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Infante JP. Rate-limiting steps in the cytidine pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Biochem J 1977; 167:847-9. [PMID: 603639 PMCID: PMC1183736 DOI: 10.1042/bj1670847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the available data on the cytidine pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, by the logic derived from the theoretical principles of metabolic regulation, shows that the first two reactions catalysed by choline (ethanolamine) kinase and phosphocholine (phosphoethanolamine) cytidylyltransferase are rate-limiting, whereas the phosphocholine (phosphoethanolamine) transferase step is near equilibrium in rat liver.
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Abstract
This study investigates the pathways of origin of chylomicron phosphatidylcholine (PC) using a lymph- and bile-fistulated rat infused with a stabilized triolein emulsion. [(14)C-glycerol]PC was used to evaluate chylomicron PC generated by lyso PC acyltransferase. The percentage of chylomicron PC derived from the PC infused was directly proportional to the PC concentration in the infusate. When the infusate PC concentration was 10 mM, essentially all the chylomicron PC was derived therefrom at 4-6 h of infusion. Incorporation of the radiolabel was not found to be as great in the lymph subnatant PC as in chylomicron PC, suggesting that chylomicron and lymph subnatant PC might be supplied from different PC precursor pools.(32)P(i) was infused into similarly prepared rats to judge chylomicron PC synthesized from de novo sources. In these experiments it was found that the percentage of chylomicron PC derived from de novo synthesis was inversely related to the PC concentration of the infusate. This suggests that exogenously infused PC inhibits de novo PC synthesis. When [(32)P]rat bile PC was infused with [(14)C-glycerol]potato PC, the bile PC was preferred as a chylomicron precursor despite the greater similarity of the saturated fatty acids of potato PC to those of chylomicron PC. When the saturated fatty acids of bile and chylomicron PC were compared, chylomicron PC was significantly richer in stearate, suggesting extensive enterocyte modification of the saturated fatty acids of bile PC.
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Edwards RG, Hands AR. The metabolism of the phosphonium analogue of choline in vitro and in vivo, and its detection in phospholipids by 31P-NMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 431:303-16. [PMID: 938656 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(76)90151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The phosphonium analogues of choline, phosphorylcholine, CDPcholine and phosphatidylcholine were synthesized chemically and characterized by 1H-NMR and 31P-NMR; in 1,2-distearoyl-DL-glycero-3-phosphorylphosphocholine, the 31P-NMR chemical shift of phosphonium relative to phosphate was--28.2 ppm. 2. A comparison was made of the rates of reaction of choline kinase, cholinephosphate cytidyltransferase, cholinephosphotransferase and phospholipase C on natural and phosphonium substrates. Enzyme reaction rates were similar for all but the cytidyltransferase, which exhibited a 3-fold preference for the normal substrate. 3. Weanling rats were maintained for 6 weeks on a diet in which choline was fully replaced by phospho[1,2-14C2]choline mixed with a trace of [Me-3H] choline. Incorporation of phosphocholine into liver lipids was detectable by 31P-NMR even in crude tissue homogenates. Choline-based phospholipids of liver, kidney, lung and brain were extracted, and phosphocholine incorporation calculated from 31P-NMR peak area ratios. The phosphatidylcholine analogues were separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Incorporation of phosphocholine ranged from 33% in lung phosphatidylcholine to 6% in kidney sphingomyelin. Variations in 14C/3H ratio between feed and phospholipid extracts indicated preferences for exogenous choline over phosphocholine varying from 1.3: 1 in brain to 3.2: 1 in liver. The results indicated that phosphocholine is a potentially useful 31P-NMR probe for the study of membrane lipids.
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Sim E, Pasternak CA. The metabolism of the phosphonium analogue of choline in cultured cells. A useful nuclear-magnetic-resonance probe for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Biochem J 1976; 154:105-11. [PMID: 1275902 PMCID: PMC1172681 DOI: 10.1042/bj1540105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Replacement of choline by the phosphonium analogue does not affect the growth rate of P815Y, NIL, 3T3, and SV40/3T3 cells in culture. 2. The fatty acid composition of the resulting phosphonium phosphatidylcholine is similar to that of phosphatidylcholine. 3. The rate of synthesis and degradation of phosphatidylcholine and of the phosphonium analogue are similar. 4. Phospholipid-exchange protein does not distinguish between phosphatidylcholine and the phosphonium analogue. 5. By contrast, incorporation of phosphonium choline into sphingomyelin occurs to only a minor extent. 6. It is concluded that, since the enzymes involved in the turnover of phosphatidylcholine do not discriminate between quaternary N and quaternary P in the polar head-group region, phosphonium choline should prove to be a useful probe for 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance (n.m.r.) studies of natural membranes.
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Arienti G, Brunetti M, Gaiti A, Orlando P, Porcellati G. The contribution of net synthesis and base-exchange reactions in phospholipid biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1976; 72:63-78. [PMID: 782200 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0955-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Miller SL, Benjamins JA, Morrell P. Reutilization of choline for synthesis of phosphatidyl choline and choline plasmalogen in rat brain. J Neurochem 1975; 25:913-4. [PMID: 1206410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb04430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dirksen TR, Schuster GS, McKinney R, Bustos SE. Effect of metabolic inhibitors on bone lipid synthesis from radioactive bases. J Dent Res 1975; 54:1009-14. [PMID: 1058850 DOI: 10.1177/00220345750540050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodoacetate at 10(-3) M and 10(-4) M concentrations was found to strongly inhibit incorporation of both 14C-choline and 3H-inositol into phospholipids of calvaria from newborn rats; it had somewhat less effect on ethanolamine incorporation and almost no effect on serine incorporation. Similar though less dramatic results were observed with cyanide or dinitrophenol at similar concentrations.
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Saito M, Bourque E, Kanfer J. Studies on base-exchange reactions of phospholipids in rat brain particles and a "solubilized" system. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 169:304-17. [PMID: 240315 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Strandberg K, Sydbom A, Uvnäs B. Incorporation of choline, serine, ethanolamine and inositol into phospholipids of isolated rat mast cells. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1975; 94:54-62. [PMID: 1155167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1975.tb05861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of labelled phospholipid precursors, [Me-14C]-choline, L-[3(-14)C]-serine, [2(-14)C]-ethanolamine and [2(-3)H]-myoinositol into the phospholipids of isolated rat mast cells was studied. The label from the different precursors were found to be essentially associated with compounds with the t.1.c.-motility of the respective phospholipids. Whereas the incorporation of [Me(-14)c]-choline and L-[3(-14)C]-serine showed evidence of saturation the incorporation of [2(-14)C]-ethanolamine was linear with time (2 h) and it was not saturated by increasing the concentration from 0.07 mM to 2.07 mM. The incorporation of [2(-3)H]-myoinositol was stimulated by Ca2+ (1 mM) or Mg2+ (1 mM), while the incorporation of the other precursors was stimulated only in the presence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ (1 mM). Antimycin A (1muM), an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, significantly ingibited the incorporation of [Me(-14)c]-choline, L-[3(-14)C]-serine and [2(-3)H]-myoinositol but not that of [2(-14)C]-ethanolamine. The experimental system used might be a useful model for studies on the turnover of membrane phospholipids during histamine release.
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Dirksen TR. Incorporation of radioactive bases into calvaria of the new-born rat, Rattus norvegicus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 50:345-9. [PMID: 1109831 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hideo K, Kimiyoshi O. Substrate-selectivity of rat liver microsomal 1,2-diacylglycerol:CDPcholine(ethanolamine) choline(ethanolamine)phosphotransferase in utilizing endogenous substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(75)90006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Somer JB, Schwartz CJ. Focal differences in lipid metabolism of the young pig aorta. Part 2. Synthesis from (2-14c)ethanolamine and (1,2-14C)choline. Atherosclerosis 1974; 20:507-16. [PMID: 4139963 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(74)90031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Saito M, Bourque E, Kanfer J. Phosphatidohydrolase and base-exchange activity of commercial phospholipase D. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 164:420-8. [PMID: 4460875 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Melnykovych G, Standaert MM. Choline incorporation into phospholipids by microsomal fractions from L5178Y lymphoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 164:674-81. [PMID: 4218721 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sundler R, Akesson B, Nilsson A. Sources of diacylglycerols for phospholipid synthesis in rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 337:248-54. [PMID: 4433550 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(74)90206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Morganstern RD, Abdel-Latif AA. Incorporation of (14-C) ethanolamine and (3-H) methionine into phospholipids of rat brain and liver in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1974; 5:393-410. [PMID: 4452892 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Salerno DM, Beeler DA. The biosynthesis of phospholipids and their precursors in rat liver involving de novo methylation, and base-exchange pathways, in vivo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 326:325-38. [PMID: 4776438 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rosenberg P. Effect of stimulation and acetylcholine on 32P and 14C incorporation into phospholipids of eel electroplax. J Pharm Sci 1973; 62:1552-4. [PMID: 4355145 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600620941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Waechter CJ, Lester RL. Differential regulation of the N-methyl transferases responsible for phosphatidylcholine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 158:401-10. [PMID: 4580845 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Saito M, Kanfer J. Solubilization and properties of a membrane-bound enzyme from rat brain catalyzing a base-exchange reaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 53:391-8. [PMID: 4736814 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bjerve KS. The phospholipid substrates in the Ca2+ -stimulated incorporation of nitrogen bases into microsomal phospholipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 306:396-402. [PMID: 4726866 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Métabolisme des sphingomyélines cérébrales: Incorporation in vivo de [14C]acétate et de 32PO43− dans deux types de sphingomyélines du cerveau de rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Ca2+-dependent biosynthesis of lecithin, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in rat liver subcellular particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Trewhella MA, Collins FD. Pathways of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 296:51-61. [PMID: 4693512 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sundler R, Arvidson G, Akesson B. Pathways for the incorporation of choline into rat liver phosphatidylcholines in vivo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 280:559-68. [PMID: 4648782 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dowdall MJ, Barker LA, Whittaker VP. Choline metabolism in the cerebral cortex of guinea pigs. Phosphorylcholine and lipid choline. Biochem J 1972; 130:1081-94. [PMID: 4656795 PMCID: PMC1174558 DOI: 10.1042/bj1301081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. The labelling of phosphorylcholine and choline-containing phospholipids in the subcellular fractions of guinea-pig cerebral cortex after the intraventricular injection of [N-Me-(3)H]choline into conscious animals has been studied. Special emphasis was placed upon the synaptosome fraction and early time-periods after administration. 2. The labelling of phosphorylcholine was rapid compared with that of phospholipid and was confined to two distinct subcellular fractions: the soluble cytoplasmic fraction and the synaptosome fraction. Most of the labelled phosphorylcholine of the synaptosome fraction was readily released by osmotic rupture indicating location in the nerve-ending cytoplasm. The two pools of phosphorylcholine had similar specific radioactivities at all observed times. 3. (3)H-labelled phospholipid was found in all membranous fractions. The labelling was confined to choline-containing phospholipids, notably phosphatidylcholine. 4. The labelling of the different membranous fractions was similar. 5. The half-life of the choline-containing phospholipids in the synaptic vesicle fraction was very much greater than the acetylcholine in this fraction. 6. Evidence is presented that synthesis de novo of phosphatidylcholine at nerve terminals occurs in vivo.
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Chevalier G, Collet AJ. In vivo incorporation of choline- 3 H, leucine- 3 H and galactose- 3 H in alveolar type II pneumocytes in relation to surfactant synthesis. A quantitative radoautographic study in mouse by electron microscopy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1972; 174:289-310. [PMID: 4678089 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091740303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Raghavan S, Rhoads D, Kanfer J. In Vitro Incorporation of [14C]Serine, [14C]Ethanolamine, and [14C]Choline into Phospholipids of Neuronal and Glial-enriched Fractions from Rat Brain by Base Exchange. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Illingworth DR, Portman OW. The uptake and metabolism of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine in vivo by the brain of squirrel monkeys. Biochem J 1972; 130:557-67. [PMID: 4198083 PMCID: PMC1174436 DOI: 10.1042/bj1300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Adult squirrel monkeys were injected intravenously with doubly labelled lysophosphatidylcholine (a mixture of 1-[1-(14)C]palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl[Me-(3)H]choline; (3)H:(14)Cratio 3.75) complexed to albumin, and the incorporation into the brain was studied at times up to 3h. 2. After 20min, 1% of the radioactivity injected as lysophosphatidylcholine had been taken up by the brain. 3. Approx. 70% of the doubly labelled lysophosphatidylcholine taken up by both grey and white matter was converted into phosphatidylcholine, whereas about 30% was hydrolysed. 4. The absence of significant radioactivity in the phosphatidylcholine, free fatty acid and water-soluble fractions of plasma up to 30min after injection of doubly labelled lysophosphatidylcholine rules out the possibility that the rapid labelling of these compounds in brain could be due to uptake from or exchange with their counterparts in plasma. 5. The similarity between the (3)H:(14)C ratios of brain phosphatidylcholine and injected lysophosphatidylcholine demonstrates that formation of the former occurred predominantly via direct acylation. 6. Analysis of the water-soluble products from lysophosphatidylcholine catabolism revealed that appreciable glycerophosphoryl-[Me-(3)H]choline did not accumulate in the brain and that radioactivity was incorporated into choline, acetylcholine, phosphorylcholine and betaine. 7. The role of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine as both a precursor of brain phosphatidylcholine and a source of free choline for the brain is discussed.
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Bjerve KS. Lecithin biosynthesis in the rat studied with phosphonate analogues of phosphorylcholine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 270:348-63. [PMID: 5041432 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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