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Zilch A, Rien C, Weigel C, Huskobla S, Glück B, Spengler K, Sauerbrei A, Heller R, Gräler M, Henke A. Influence of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling on HCMV replication in human embryonal lung fibroblasts. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:227-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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2
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Carr JM, Mahalingam S, Bonder CS, Pitson SM. Sphingosine kinase 1 in viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2012; 23:73-84. [PMID: 22639116 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an enzyme that phosphorylates the lipid sphingosine to generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P can act intracellularly as a signaling molecule and extracellularly as a receptor ligand. The SphK1/S1P axis has well-described roles in cell signaling, the cell death/survival decision, the production of a pro-inflammatory response, immunomodulation, and control of vascular integrity. Agents targeting the SphK1/S1P axis are being actively developed as therapeutics for cancer and immunological and inflammatory disorders. Control of cell death/survival and pro-inflammatory immune responses is central to the pathology of infectious disease, and we can capitalize on the knowledge provided by investigations of SphK1/S1P in cancer and immunology to assess its application to selected human infections. We have herein reviewed the growing literature relating viral infections to changes in SphK1 and S1P. SphK1 activity is reportedly increased following human cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections, and elevated SphK1 enhances influenza virus infection. In contrast, SphK1 activity is reduced in bovine viral diarrhea virus and dengue virus infections. Sphingosine analogs that modulate S1P receptors have proven useful in animal models in alleviating influenza virus infection but have shown no benefit in simian human immunodeficiency virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections. We have rationalized a role for SphK1/S1P in dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Ross River virus infections, on the basis of the biology and the pathology of these diseases. The increasing number of effective SphK1 and S1P modulating agents currently in development makes it timely to investigate these roles with the potential for developing modulators of SphK1 and S1P for novel anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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3
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Li S, Eghiaian F, Sieben C, Herrmann A, Schaap IAT. Bending and puncturing the influenza lipid envelope. Biophys J 2011; 100:637-645. [PMID: 21281578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes, enveloped viruses, as well as synaptic and secretory vesicles are all examples of natural nanocontainers (diameter ≈ 100 nm) which specifically rely on their lipid bilayer to protect and exchange their contents with the cell. We have applied methods primarily based on atomic force microscopy and finite element modeling that allow precise investigation of the mechanical properties of the influenza virus lipid envelope. The mechanical properties of small, spherical vesicles made from PR8 influenza lipids were probed by an atomic force microscopy tip applying forces up to 0.2 nN, which led to an elastic deformation up to 20%, on average. The liposome deformation was modeled using finite element methods to extract the lipid bilayer elastic properties. We found that influenza liposomes were softer than what would be expected for a gel phase bilayer and highly deformable: Consistent with previous suggestion that influenza lipids do not undergo a major phase transition, we observe that the stiffness of influenza liposomes increases gradually and weakly (within one order of magnitude) with temperature. Surprisingly, influenza liposomes were, in most cases, able to withstand wall-to-wall deformation, and forces >1 nN were generally required to puncture the influenza envelope, which is similar to viral protein shells. Hence, the choice of a highly flexible lipid envelope may provide as efficient a protection for a viral genome as a stiff protein shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Eghiaian
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Sieben
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwan A T Schaap
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Chan RB, Tanner L, Wenk MR. Implications for lipids during replication of enveloped viruses. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:449-59. [PMID: 20230810 PMCID: PMC7124286 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses, which include many medically important viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza virus and hepatitis C virus, are intracellular parasites that acquire lipid envelopes from their host cells. Success of replication is intimately linked to their ability to hijack host cell mechanisms, particularly those related to membrane dynamics and lipid metabolism. Despite recent progress, our knowledge of lipid mediated virus-host interactions remains highly incomplete. In addition, diverse experimental systems are used to study different stages of virus replication thus complicating comparisons. This review aims to present a unifying view of the widely diverse strategies used by enveloped viruses at distinct stages of their replication cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Thiele OW, Oulevey J, Hennemuth K, Koch J. Studies on the chemical nature of the lipidic J blood-group substance of cattle. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:1-9. [PMID: 507466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1979.tb01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Total lipids extracted from J-positive cattle serum, erythrocytes or spleen exhibit J blood-group activity. The J subsance is concentrated in a lipid fraction obtained by column chromatography. Following mild alkaline hydrolysis or reduction with complex hydrides (LiAlH4, LiBH4), the J activity remains detectable in this lipid fraction even though all acyl ester groups have been destroyed as revealed by ester group determination. This disagrees with the suggestion that fatty acyl esters are essential for J activity. This was confirmed by experiments with a water-soluble J-active product prepared by ozone treatment of glycosphingolipids from bovine spleen. The results of these experiments are in favour of a glycosphingolipid containing anunusually lang oligosaccharide chain. Furthermore, it appears that the terminal moiety of the J determinant is not necessarily an N-acetyl galactosamine unit as suggested previously.
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6
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McCann F, Carmona E, Puri V, Pagano RE, Limper AH. Macrophage internalization of fungal beta-glucans is not necessary for initiation of related inflammatory responses. Infect Immun 2005; 73:6340-9. [PMID: 16177305 PMCID: PMC1230895 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.10.6340-6349.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall beta-glucans are highly conserved structural components of fungi that potently trigger inflammatory responses in an infected host. Identification of molecular mechanisms responsible for internalization and signaling of fungal beta-glucans should enhance our understanding of innate immune responses to fungi. In this study, we demonstrated that internalization of fungal beta-glucan particles requires actin polymerization but not participation of components of caveolar uptake mechanisms. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed that uptake of 5-([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl] amino)-fluorescein hydrochloride-Celite complex-labeled Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta-glucan by RAW macrophages was substantially reduced in the presence of cytochalasin D, which antagonizes actin-mediated internalization pathways, but not by treatment with nystatin, which blocks caveolar uptake. Interestingly, beta-glucan-induced NF-kappaB translocation, which is necessary for inflammatory activation, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production were both normal in the presence of cytochalasin D, despite defective internalization of beta-glucan particles following actin disruption. Dectin-1, a major beta-glucan receptor on macrophages, colocalized to phagocytic cups on macrophages and exhibited tyrosine phosphorylation after challenge with beta-glucan particles. Dectin-1 localization and other membrane markers were not affected by treatment with cytochalasin D. Furthermore, dectin-1 receptors rather than Toll-like receptor 2 receptors were shown to be necessary for both efficient internalization of beta-glucan particles and cytokine release in response to the fungal cell wall component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances McCann
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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7
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Carballeira NM, Shalabi F, Negrón V. 2-Hydroxy fatty acids from marine sponges. 2. The phospholipid fatty acids of the Caribbean sponges Verongula gigantea and Aplysina archeri. Lipids 1989; 24:229-32. [PMID: 2761357 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The alpha-hydroxy fatty acids 2-hydroxy-eicosanoic (1) acid, 2-hydroxyheneicosanoic (2) acid, 2-hydroxydocosanoic (3) acid, 2-hydroxytetracosanoic (4) acid, 2-hydroxy-23-methyl-tetracosanoic acid and 2-hydroxypentacosanoic (5) acid were isolated from the Caribbean sponges Verongula gigantea and Aplysina archeri. The very long chain fatty acids 5,9-nonacosadienoic acid (29:2) and 5,9,23-tricontatrienoic acid (30:3) were also identified together with the iso-prenoid fatty acid 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic (phytanic) acid that seems to be common in the Aplysinidae. A. archeri contained an extremely long chain fatty acid tentatively characterized as dotricontaenoic (32:1) acid. These acids were found to occur in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and traces of phosphatidylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 00931
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Carballeira NM, Lopez MR. On the isolation of 2-hydroxydocosanoic and 2-hydroxytricosanoic acids from the marine sponge Amphimedon compressa. Lipids 1989; 24:89-91. [PMID: 2747436 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The first alpha-hydroxy fatty acids from a marine sponge, namely 2-hydroxydocosanoic and 2-hydroxytricosanoic, were identified in the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon compressa. These acids were found to occur in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine and constituted 52% of the total fatty acid mixture of this sponge. The long chain fatty acids 5,9,23-nonacosatrienoic (29:3) and 5,9,23-tricontatrienoic (30:3), as well as a new tetratricontatetraenoic (34:4) acid, were also found in A. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 00931
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Evans NR, Webb HE. Immunoelectron-microscopical labelling of glycolipids in the envelope of a demyelinating brain-derived RNA virus (Semliki Forest) by anti-glycolipid sera. J Neurol Sci 1986; 74:279-87. [PMID: 3016202 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(86)90113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunoelectron-microscopical techniques using gold-labelled antibodies were used to localize the glycolipids ganglioside, glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside, and spike glycoprotein antigens, in the envelope of the RNA virus Semliki Forest which had replicated in mouse brain cell cultures. The demonstration of host cell membrane glycolipid antigens in viruses is discussed in relation to the possibility of an autoimmune reaction to central nervous system cells.
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Bardeletti G, Voiland A. Effect of the infection of rubella virus on BHK 21/13 s cells: study of a glycolipid. Arch Virol 1981; 68:285-9. [PMID: 7271460 DOI: 10.1007/bf01314583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Kohama T, Shimizu K, Ishida N. Carbohydrate composition of the envelope glycoproteins of Sendai virus. Virology 1978; 90:226-34. [PMID: 214944 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Ray EK, Blough HA. The effect of herpesvirus infection and 2-deoxy-D-glucose on glycosphingolipids in BHK-21 cells. Virology 1978; 88:118-27. [PMID: 209617 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Portoukalian J, Bugand M, Zwingelstein G, Precausta P. Comparison of the lipid composition of rabies virus propagated in Nil 2 cells maintained in monolayer versus spinner culture. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 489:106-18. [PMID: 911869 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(77)90237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Huang RT. On the structure of the carbohydrate chains of different strains of the influenza virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 1976; 162:169-73. [PMID: 1004374 DOI: 10.1007/bf02120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Structural features of the glycosyl chains of the influenca virus have been determined. It was found that fucose was solely terminal, whereas mannose and galactose were present at the terminal as well as subterminal and core positions. Mannose and glucose molecules were shown to be branching points in the glycosyl chains. Furthermore, linkage positions of carbohydrates within the chains were characterized.
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