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Maina A, Lochmann R, Rawles SD, Rosentrater K. Digestibility of Conventional and Novel Dietary Lipids in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091456. [PMID: 37174493 PMCID: PMC10177123 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid and fatty acid digestibility is presumably high in Channel Catfish, but data is lacking. We determined the lipid and fatty acid digestibility of traditional and alternative dietary lipids in Channel Catfish to inform lipid choice for commercial diets. Six diets contained 4% of different lipids: soybean oil (SBO), soybean oil containing conjugated linoleic acids (CLA-SBO), catfish offal oil (COO), flaxseed oil (FXO), menhaden fish oil (MFO) and poultry fat (PF). Diets were fed to Channel Catfish (150-200 g) maintained at 26.5 °C in each of six 110 L aquaria. Six hours post-prandial, feces were collected for analysis. Total lipid, crude protein and fatty acids of lyophilized feces were analyzed, and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were calculated. ADCs of lipid, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and protein digestibility were similar among diets. CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11 (84.1%) and trans-10, cis-12 (90%)) in the CLA-SBO diet were highly digestible. Oleic acid digestibility was highest in the PF diet. ADC was high for α-linolenic acid in the FXO diet, and for arachidonic acid and n-3 LC-PUFA in the MFO diet. Overall, total lipid digestibility was high, but ADCs of individual fatty acids differed by source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Maina
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 160 N. Pharma Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Rebecca Lochmann
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Mail Slot 4912, 1200 N. University Dr., Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Steven D Rawles
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Kurt Rosentrater
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Gao X, Wang X, Wang X, Li H, Xu L, Fang Y, Cao S, Huang B, Chen H, Xing R, Liu B. Effect of winter feeding frequency on growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, oxidative stress, and appetite-related genes in Takifugu rubripes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1167-1181. [PMID: 35941472 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) is one of Asia's most economically valuable aquaculture species. However, winter production of this species in North China is limited by low water temperature and unavailability of high-quality feed, resulting in high mortality and low profitability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency (F1: one daily meal; F2: two daily meals; F3: four daily meals; F4: continuous diurnal feeding using a belt feeder) on the growth performance, plasma biochemistry, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and expression of appetite-related genes in T. rubripes (initial weight: 266.80 ± 12.32 g) cultured during winter (18.0 ± 1.0 °C) for 60 days. The results showed that fish in the F3 group had the highest final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate, and best feed conversion ratio. Additionally, daily feed intake increased significantly with increasing feeding frequency. The protein efficiency and lipid efficiency ratios of fish in the F3 group were significantly higher than those of fish in the other groups. Furthermore, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels increased with increasing feeding frequency, peaking in the F2 group and decreasing under higher feeding frequencies. The antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) and digestive (trypsin, amylase, and lipase) enzyme activities of fish in the F1 group were significantly higher than those of fish in the F3 and F4 groups. Additionally, there was a decrease in orexin expression with increasing feeding frequency. In contrast, the expression levels of tachykinin, cholecystokinin, and leptin increased with increasing feeding frequency, peaking in the F4 group. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that a feeding frequency of four meals per day was optimal for improved growth performance of pufferfish juveniles cultured during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Fang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuquan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. LTD, Rizhao, 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xing
- Yuhai Hongqi Ocean Engineering Co. LTD, Rizhao, 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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He CF, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang L, Sun M, Ge YP, Chen WL, Liu WB. Feed types affect the growth, nutrient utilization, digestive capabilities, and endocrine functions of Megalobrama amblycephala: a comparative study between pelleted and extruded feed. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1025-1038. [PMID: 35802285 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, both pelleted feed (PF) and extruded feed (EF) have been widely adopted in the aquaculture industry. However, limited information is available comparing their utilization efficiencies and meanwhile interpreting the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to compare the utilization efficiencies of both PF and EF by blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) based on growth performance, digestive capacities, and endocrine functions. Two feeds with identical formulas were prepared and named PF and EF. Fish were randomly distributed into two groups, including one that fed the PF continuously, and one that offered the EF continuously. The whole feeding trail lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that the protein efficiency (PER), retention of nitrogen and energy (NRE and ERE), viscera index (VSI), apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, carbohydrate, and gross energy, whole-body crude protein and energy contents, intestinal enzymatic activities of protease, amylase, and Na+,K+-ATPase, intestinal villi length, crypt depth, muscular layer thickness, and the transcriptions of leptin (LEP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) of the EF group were all significantly higher than those of the PF group, while the opposite was true for feed intake and feed conversion ratio. These findings suggested that compared with PF, EF could improve the feed utilization and nutrient retention of blunt snout bream by enhancing the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions but reduce the feed intake through the stimulation of both LEP and CCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Amoah K, Dong XH, Tan BP, Zhang S, Chi SY, Yang QH, Liu HY, Yan XB, Yang YZ, Zhang H. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Key Potential Biomarkers for Castor Meal-Induced Enteritis in Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). Front Nutr 2022; 9:847425. [PMID: 35811940 PMCID: PMC9261911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of aquaculture to help kerb global food security issues has led to the quest for more economical new protein-rich ingredients for the feed-based aquaculture since fishmeal (FM, the ingredient with the finest protein and lipid profile) is losing its acceptability due to high cost and demand. Although very high in protein, castor meal (CM), a by-product after oil-extraction, is disposed-off due to the high presence of toxins. Concurrently, the agro-industrial wastes’ consistent production and disposal are of utmost concern; however, having better nutritional profiles of these wastes can lead to their adoption. This study was conducted to identify potential biomarkers of CM-induced enteritis in juvenile hybrid-grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) alongside their growth and distal intestinal (DI) health evaluation. A total of 360 fish (initial weight = 9.13 ± 0.01g) were randomly assigned into three groups, namely, fish-meal (FM) (control), 4% CM (CM4), and 20% CM (CM20). After the 56-days feeding-trial, the DI tissues of FM, CM4, and CM20 groups were collected for metabolomics analysis. Principal components analysis and partial least-squares discriminant-analysis (PLS-DA, used to differentiate the CM20 and CM4, from the FM group with satisfactory explanation and predictive ability) were used to analyze the UPLC-MS data. The results revealed a significant improvement in the growth, DI immune responses and digestive enzyme activities, and DI histological examinations in the CM4 group than the others. Nonetheless, CM20 replacement caused DI physiological damage and enteritis in grouper as shown by AB-PAS staining and scanning electron microscopy examinations, respectively. The most influential metabolites in DI contents identified as the potential biomarkers in the positive and negative modes using the metabolomics UPLC-MS profiles were 28 which included five organoheterocyclic compounds, seven lipids, and lipid-like molecules, seven organic oxygen compounds, two benzenoids, five organic acids and derivatives, one phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and one from nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues superclass. The present study identified a broad array of DI tissue metabolites that differed between FM and CM diets, which provides a valuable reference for further managing fish intestinal health issues. A replacement level of 4% is recommended based on the growth and immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-hui Dong,
| | - Bei-ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shu-yan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi-hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong-yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-bo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan-zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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Incorporation of Fructooligosaccharides in Diets Influence Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Expression of Intestinal Barrier Function Genes in Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus) Larvae. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the growth, survival rate, digestive enzyms activity, and the expression of intestinal barrier function genes in tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae. A total of 960 larvae (0.030 ± 0.006 g) were fed three diets supplemented with increasing FOS concentrations (2.5, 5, and 7.5 g kg−1) and a control diet for 15 days. Results revealed that a 7.5 g kg−1 FOS supplementation improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 5 g kg−1 FOS supplementation increased alkaline protease and amylase activities and induced an upregulation of the claudin-17 gene expression (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the inclusion of 7.5 g kg−1 FOS induced the upregulation of mucin 2 (muc-2), and the tight junction genes zo-2 and claudin-3 (p < 0.05). In addition, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g kg−1 FOS promoted the downregulation of the claudin-15 gene expression (p < 0.05). At the same time, FOS inclusion did not increase the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-8 expression. We can conclude that 7.5 g kg−1 FOS supplementation improves growth performance, survival rate, and digestive capacity, and could contribute to the reinforcement of the intestinal barrier function of Tropical gar larvae.
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Intestinal Lipase Characterization in Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) Juveniles. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) is a euryhaline fish with high commercial demand in the Mexican southeast, Caribbean, and South America. However, some aspects of its digestive physiology are still unknown, particularly in relation to lipid hydrolysis. Therefore, the characterization of the digestive lipase of this species was carried out. Our results show that the digestive lipase’s optimal temperature is 35 °C, being stable between 25 and 35 °C, and shows maximum activity at pH 9, with stability between pH 5 and 8. Different degrees of inhibition were presented by Orlistat (61.4%), Ebelactone A (90.36%), Ebelactone B (75.9%), SDS 1% (80.7%), SDS 0.1% (73.5%), and SDS at 0.01% (34.9%). Orlistat and Ebelactone A and B completely inhibited the lipase band in the zymogram, but not SDS addition. Lipase showed a molecular weight of 43.8 kDa. The high lipase activities in the digestive tract indicate the importance of lipids in the diet of C. undecimalis.
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Mardones O, Oyarzún-Salazar R, Labbé BS, Miguez JM, Vargas-Chacoff L, Muñoz JLP. Intestinal variation of serotonin, melatonin, and digestive enzymes activities along food passage time through GIT in Salmo salar fed with supplemented diets with tryptophan and melatonin. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 266:111159. [PMID: 35114387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In teleosts, peripheral serotonin (5-HT) and melatonin (MEL) are synthesised in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and regulate secretion and motility processes. Their production is regulated by diet and the passage of food through the GIT. This study aimed to evaluate how intestinal 5-HT, melatonin, and the activity of digestive enzymes varied with food passage time through GIT in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We fed fish diets supplemented with tryptophan and melatonin (L-Trp 2.5% and MEL 0.01%) and measured the activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and total protease) in the pyloric caeca, midgut, and hindgut at different times after feeding. 5-HT levels increased in all GIT portions and diets at 120 min post-intake and were highest in the pyloric caeca. Intestinal enzymatic activity was varied with diet, post-intake time and in different intestinal portions. In conclusion, food passage time directly affects GIT 5-HT secretion and digestive enzyme activity in S. salar, and diet composition regulates S. salar GIT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mardones
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún-Salazar
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - B S Labbé
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile; Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención manejo, Producción, Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J M Miguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Facultad de Biología, Universidade Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - J L P Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.
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Interactions between dietary carbohydrate and thiamine: implications on the growth performance and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobrama amblycephala. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:321-334. [PMID: 33749571 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of thiamine ongrowth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobramaamblycephala fed a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. Fish (24·73 (sem 0·45) g) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: two carbohydrate (CHO) levels (30 and 45 %) and two thiamine levels (0 and 1·5 mg/kg). HC diets significantly decreased DGC, GRMBW, FIMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, lipase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I, III and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK: T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, mitochondrial transcription factor A, Opa-1, ND-1 and COX-1 and 2, while the opposite was true for ATP, AMP and reactive oxygen species, and the transcriptions of dynamin-related protein-1, fission-1 and mitochondrial fission factor. Dietarythiamine concentrations significantly increased DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, ND-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Furthermore, a significant interaction between dietary CHO and thiamine was observed in DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, CK, complexes I and IV, ΔΨm, the AMP:ATP ratio, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Overall, thiamine supplementation improved growth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of M. amblycephala fed HC diets.
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Wang M, Xu G, Tang Y, Su S, Wang Y, Zhu Z. Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Antioxidant Damage and Immune Response Downregulation in Liver of Coilia nasus Under Starvation Stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:622315. [PMID: 33732214 PMCID: PMC7959721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.622315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial fishing of estuarine tapertail anchovy (Coilia nasus), an important anadromous fish species in the Yangtze River of China, has been prohibited due to the serious damage overfishing has caused to the wild population. Research regarding the energy metabolism is important for migratory fish to ensure the continuation of their existence. In this study, we performed, for the first time, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the liver of C. nasus subjected to long-term starvation stress. The results indicated that the damaging effects involved downregulation of the antioxidant capacity and immune response. The positive response to starvation involved upregulation of the anti-allergy and anticancer capacity, which supports the function of starvation in cancer inhibition, as has also been determined for human beings. This study revealed regulatory pathways, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and mechanisms leading to damage of the liver in C. nasus affected by starvation. This research contributes information for the further study of the energy metabolism mechanism of C. nasus and provides a theoretical reference for starvation metabolism research of other fish species and even human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gangchun Xu, ; Yongkai Tang,
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gangchun Xu, ; Yongkai Tang,
| | - Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Xu C, Zhong XQ, Li XF, Shi HJ, Liu WB. Regulation of growth, intestinal microflora composition and expression of immune-related genes by dietary supplementation of Streptococcus faecalis in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:195-202. [PMID: 32652298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of Streptococcus faecalis on the growth, intestinal microflora composition and expression of immune-related genes of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish (46.32 ± 0.09 g) were fed four experimental diets containing 0 cfu/g (SF0, control), 1 × 105 cfu/g (SF1), 1 × 106 cfu/g (SF2) and 1 × 107 cfu/g (SF3) of S. faecalis, respectively. Results showed that daily growth index (DGI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), plasma glucose level, plasma contents of total protein and albumin as well as intestinal serous layer (SL), muscular layer (ML), submucous layer (SML), villi thickness (VT) and lamina propria (LP) were all no significant difference among all the treatments, whereas their (except plasma albumin content and intestinal ML) relatively high values were found in the SF2 group. Meanwhile, the intake of the SF2 diets significantly increased plasma globulin content and intestinal digestive enzymes activities, the opposite was true for the activities of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). In addition, the analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that fish fed the SF2 diet have the highest values of intestinal alpha diversity and intestinal abundances of Actinobacteria, Chlamydiae, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Clostridium and Synechococcus, while the opposite was true for intestinal abundances of Acinetobacter, Anoxybacillus, Flavobacterium, Planctomyces, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Clostridium perfringens. At the molecular level, the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukin 1β (IL 1β) and heat shock proteins 7 (HSP 70) in head kidney and spleen were all decreased significantly with the increasing S. faecalis levels up to 1 × 106 cfu/g, and then they were increased with further increasing S. faecalis levels. Overall, dietary supplementation of S. faecalis at 1 × 106 cfu/g could improve the intestinal health and innate immunity of blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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11
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Villanueva-Gutiérrez E, Maldonado-Othón CA, Perez-Velazquez M, González-Félix ML. Activity and Partial Characterization of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Lipase in the Digestive Tract of Totoaba macdonaldi. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1733157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Perez-Velazquez
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Mayra L. González-Félix
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
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12
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Mir IN, Srivastava PP, Bhat IA, Dar SA, Sushila N, Varghese T, Muralidhar AP, Jain KK. Expression and activity of key lipases during the larval development of walking catfish (Clarias magur). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:149-157. [PMID: 31219664 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the expression and activity of key lipolytic enzymes during the ontogenetic development of Clarias magur. After partial characterization, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL), and bile salt-activated lipase (BAL) genes along with the specific lipase activity were performed in larvae from Day 1 after hatching till 34-day posthatch (dph). Heterogeneous patterns of mRNA expression were shown by the important lipolytic enzymes and were detected before first exogenous feeding during the yolk-sac stage. LPL started increasing from 13 dph and peaked at 16 dph followed by a declining trend till 34 dph. However, the PL observed to be peaking at 9, 22, and 30 dph. Similarly, BAL showed an increasing trend from 11 to 22 dph with a significantly high level of mRNA expression at 16 dph. Later, the specific lipase activity was evaluated which appears at Day 1 after hatching with a progressive increase from 7 to 16 dph and a further declining trend afterwards with a peak at 22 dph. The results indicated the development of exocrine pancreas at 16 dph. Furthermore, the transcript levels and the activity of lipases were regulated with the age. Hence, the present study can be helpful in devising different strategies containing optimum lipid levels at a suitable stage of development for improving the survival during larval rearing. Furthermore, the study could be a baseline for elucidating the optimized dietary lipid levels of this catfish during its larval rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Nazir Mir
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Gumla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - P P Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Gumla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Dar
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ngairangbam Sushila
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A P Muralidhar
- Division of Aquaculture, Kakinada Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K K Jain
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Abstract
Lipases are very important enzymes having a role in fat digestion and lipid metabolism in marine animals, plants, and microorganisms. The methods for measuring lipase and phospholipase activity have been applied in several studies; however, considering that lipases are water-soluble molecules and their substrates are generally water-insoluble molecules, several steps are required for measuring their digestion products. After a general review of the main type of methods used in marine lipase studies, and experimental procedures, a proposal of new or improved methods is described in order to facilitate the lipase activity measurements in marine organisms.
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14
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Olivares A, Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Mascaró M, Sanchez Arteaga A, Ortega K, Caamal Monsreal C, Tremblay N, Rosas C. Maturation trade-offs in octopus females and their progeny: energy, digestion and defence indicators. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6618. [PMID: 30993033 PMCID: PMC6461028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual maturation and reproduction influence the status of a number of physiological processes and consequently the ecology and behaviour of cephalopods. Using Octopus mimus as a study model, the present work was focused in the changes in biochemical compound and activity that take place during gonadal maturation of females and its consequences in embryo and hatchlings characteristics. To do that, a total of 31 adult females of O. mimus were sampled to follow metabolites (ovaries and digestive gland) and digestive enzyme activities (alkaline and acidic proteases) during physiological and functional maturation. Levels of protein (Prot), triacylglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), glucose (Glu), and glycogen (Gly) were evaluated. Groups of eggs coming from mature females were also sampled along development and after hatching (paralarvae of 1 and 3 days old) to track metabolites (Prot, TG, Glu, Gly, TG, Chol), digestive enzymes activity (Lipase, alkaline proteases, and acidic proteases), and antioxidant/detoxification defence indicators with embryos development. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesized that immature females store Chol in their ovaries, probably from the food they ingested, but switch to TG reserves at the beginning of the maturation processes. At the same time, results suggest that these processes were energetically supported by Glu, obtained probably from Gly breakdown by gluconeogenic pathways. Also, was observed that embryos metabolites and enzyme activities (digestive and antioxidant/detoxification enzymes) where maintained without significant changes and in a low activity during the whole organogenesis, meaning that organogenesis is relatively not energetically costly. In contrast, after organogenesis, a mobilization of nutrients and activation of the metabolic and digestive enzymes was observed, together with increments in consumption of yolk and Gly, and reduction in lipid peroxidation. Derived from our results, we also have the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced during the metabolic processes that occurs in ovarian maturation. Those ROS may be in part transferred to the egg provoking a ROS charge to the embryos. The elimination of ROS in embryos started when the activity of the heart and the absorption of the yolk around stages XIV and XV were evident. Altogether, these processes allowed the paralarvae to hatch with buffered levels of ROS and with the antioxidant defence mechanisms ready to support further ROS production derived from paralarvae higher life stage requirements (feeding and metabolic demands).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olivares
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.,Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), UNAM-CONACYT, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maite Mascaró
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), UNAM-CONACYT, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.,Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Sanchez Arteaga
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Karen Ortega
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Caamal Monsreal
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), UNAM-CONACYT, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.,Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nelly Tremblay
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Helgolang, Germany
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), UNAM-CONACYT, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.,Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
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15
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Domingues P, Hernández-Urcera J, Cal R, Olivares A, Chimal M, Sánchez A, Rosas C, Gallardo P. Effect of triploidy on digestive enzyme activity of early stages of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:573-582. [PMID: 30762186 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, growth and digestive enzyme activities of total acid and alkaline proteases, pepsin, trypsin, lipase, and α-amylase, as well as partial characterization of enzyme activity, were studied in diploid and triploid turbot. Growth was similar between both groups. Acid protease activity increased consistently during the experiment, for both diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) fish. The alkaline protease activity was always higher for triploids throughout the experiment. Proteolytic acid activity (pH 2) was generally higher for diploids, at all temperatures tested. Higher activity was at pH 2 and 3 for 2n and 3n fish, respectively. Regarding temperature, acid and alkaline protease activity was higher at 37 °C and 60 °C, respectively, for both groups. The general increase in pancreatic enzymes (trypsin and amylase) before 35 days after hatching (DAH) and posterior decrease until 60 DAH. There was a marked effect on enzyme activity when changing from live prey to pellets (35 DAH), especially on triploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domingues
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36280, Spain
| | - J Hernández-Urcera
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - R Cal
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36280, Spain
| | - A Olivares
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Chimal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - A Sánchez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - C Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - P Gallardo
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
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16
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Gora A, Jayasankar V, Rehman S, Kizhakudan JK, Laxmilatha P, Vijayagopal P. Biochemical responses of juvenile rock spiny lobster Panulirus homarus under different feeding regimes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1533475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Gora
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Vidya Jayasankar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Saima Rehman
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Joe K. Kizhakudan
- Mariculture Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - P. Laxmilatha
- Marine Biodiversity Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - P. Vijayagopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
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17
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González-Félix ML, Gatlin DM, Perez-Velazquez M, Webb K, García-Ortega A, Hume M. Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus growth and expression of bile salt-dependent lipase in response to increasing dietary lipid supplementation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1319-1331. [PMID: 29790089 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sciaenops ocellatus has a long history in aquaculture and many difficulties associated with its commercial culture have been addressed and successfully resolved; nevertheless, further research in lipid nutrition could address more comprehensive questions on the way these nutrients are utilized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate S. ocellatus growth and lipase gene expression in response to increasing dietary lipid supplementation. Four experimental diets were formulated to provide 3, 10, 16, or 23% lipid using menhaden fish oil. Twenty juveniles (mean initial weight 2.3 ± 0.1 g) were stocked per aquaria in a recirculating system; each diet was assigned to three aquaria and fed to fish for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, fish fed 3% of dietary lipid were significantly (P < 0.0001) smaller and showed significantly lower feed efficiency, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and intraperitoneal fat than fish fed the other diets, but no differences were observed among fish fed 10, 16, or 23% lipid. A straight broken-line regression model for thermal growth coefficient provided an estimated value of 9.4% of dietary lipid as the optimal inclusion level. The bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) of red drum was 80.3 kDa. Relative gene expression of BSDL was significantly higher (P = 0.0007) in fish fed 10% lipid, with no differences among the other dietary treatments. Results provided could help monitor the metabolic status of farmed fish and contribute to optimize diet formulations based on maximum gene expression of BSDL for supplementation of dietary lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L González-Félix
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Edificio 7-G, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, e/Sahuaripa y Reforma, Col. Centro, C.P, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Delbert M Gatlin
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Martin Perez-Velazquez
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Edificio 7-G, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, e/Sahuaripa y Reforma, Col. Centro, C.P, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ken Webb
- Fisheries and Mariculture Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Armando García-Ortega
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Michael Hume
- USDA, Food and Feed Safety Unit, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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18
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Anderson K, Kuo CY, Lu MW, Bar I, Elizur A. A transcriptomic investigation of digestive processes in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, before, during, and after metamorphic development. Gene 2018; 661:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Lombardo D, Silvy F, Crenon I, Martinez E, Collignon A, Beraud E, Mas E. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and MODY-8 diabetes: is bile salt-dependent lipase (or carboxyl ester lipase) at the crossroads of pancreatic pathologies? Oncotarget 2018; 9:12513-12533. [PMID: 29552330 PMCID: PMC5844766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas and diabetes mellitus are responsible for the deaths of around two million people each year worldwide. Patients with chronic pancreatitis do not die directly of this disease, except where the pathology is hereditary. Much current literature supports the involvement of bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), in the pathophysiology of these pancreatic diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on connections between chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas by gaining an insight into BSDL and its variants. This enzyme is normally secreted by the exocrine pancreas, and is diverted within the intestinal lumen to participate in the hydrolysis of dietary lipids. However, BSDL is also expressed by other cells and tissues, where it participates in lipid homeostasis. Variants of BSDL resulting from germline and/or somatic mutations (nucleotide insertion/deletion or nonallelic homologous recombination) are expressed in the pancreas of patients with pancreatic pathologies such as chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We discuss the possible link between the expression of BSDL variants and these dramatic pancreatic pathologies, putting forward the suggestion that BSDL and its variants are implicated in the cell lipid metabolism/reprogramming that leads to the dyslipidemia observed in chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We also propose potential strategies for translation to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Crenon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Collignon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Beraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
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20
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Johansson BB, Fjeld K, El Jellas K, Gravdal A, Dalva M, Tjora E, Ræder H, Kulkarni RN, Johansson S, Njølstad PR, Molven A. The role of the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene in pancreatic disease. Pancreatology 2018; 18:12-19. [PMID: 29233499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), also known as bile salt-dependent or -stimulated lipase (BSDL, BSSL), hydrolyzes dietary fat, cholesteryl esters and fat-soluble vitamins in the duodenum. CEL is mainly expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and lactating mammary glands. The human CEL gene resides on chromosome 9q34.3 and contains a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region that encodes a mucin-like protein tail. Although the number of normal repeats does not appear to significantly influence the risk for pancreatic disease, single-base pair deletions in the first VNTR repeat cause a syndrome of endocrine and exocrine dysfunction denoted MODY8. Hallmarks are low fecal elastase levels and pancreatic lipomatosis manifesting before the age of twenty, followed by development of diabetes and pancreatic cysts later in life. The mutant protein forms intracellular and extracellular aggregates, suggesting that MODY8 is a protein misfolding disease. Recently, a recombined allele between CEL and its pseudogene CELP was discovered. This allele (CEL-HYB) encodes a chimeric protein with impaired secretion increasing five-fold the risk for chronic pancreatitis. The CEL gene has proven to be exceptionally polymorphic due to copy number variants of the CEL-CELP locus and alterations involving the VNTR. Genome-wide association studies or deep sequencing cannot easily pick up this wealth of genetic variation. CEL is therefore an attractive candidate gene for further exploration of links to pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente B Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anny Gravdal
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Dalva
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling Tjora
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Kuepethkaew S, Sangkharak K, Benjakul S, Klomklao S. Use of TPP and ATPS for partitioning and recovery of lipase from Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:3880-3891. [PMID: 29085130 PMCID: PMC5643804 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipase recovery from Pacific white shrimp hepatopancreas using a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system in combination with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was studied. TPP system was formed with a simultaneous addition of salt directly to crude extract (CE) followed by an organic solvent addition. The various process parameters required for efficient purification of lipase were optimized. The best lipase yield (87.41%) and purification fold (PF) (3.49-fold) were obtained in the interphase of TPP system, which consisted of the CE to t-butanol ratio of 1:1 (v/v) in the presence of 50% (w/v) (NH4)2SO4. Subsequently, TPP fraction was subjected to ATPS. Effects of phase compositions including PEG molecular weight and concentration, types and concentration of salts, NaCl addition and system pH on lipase partitioning were investigated. With the application of 25% (w/w) PEG1000 and 15% (w/w) MgSO4, at pH 5.0 was found most appropriate since high lipase PF (5.19-fold) and yield (78.46%) in top phase were obtained. The partitioned enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 55 °C and was stable at a temperature range of 0-40 °C and a pH range of 7-10. The partitioned lipase showed high tolerance in the presence of ethanol and methanol. Hence, the combined partitioning systems, TPP-ATPS, were found to be an attractive technique for the recovery and partial purification of lipase from Pacific white shrimp hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kuepethkaew
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Pa-Phayom, Phatthalung 93210 Thailand
| | - K. Sangkharak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Pa-Phayom, Phatthalung 93210 Thailand
| | - S. Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - S. Klomklao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Pa-Phayom, Phatthalung 93210 Thailand
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22
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de Gelder S, Sæle Ø, de Veen BTH, Vos J, Flik G, Berntssen MHG, Klaren PHM. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene inhibit intestinal lipase activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 198:1-8. [PMID: 28476648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are detected in aquafeeds where fish oils are (partially) replaced by vegetable oils. The highly lipophilic PAHs solubilize readily in oil droplets and micelles in the intestinal lumen that can affect enzymatic lipid digestion by altering lipase activity. We therefore investigated the effect of two PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (PHE), on bile salt-activated lipase (BAL) activity in desalted luminal extracts of the proximal intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using the triacylglycerides rapeseed oil and fish oil as substrates. The hydrolysis of rapeseed oil and fish oil measured at a calculated substrate concentration of 2.2mM, increased linearly up to 30min at 15°C. Substrate dependency under initial velocity conditions was described by simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km value of 1.2mM for rapeseed and fish oil. Rapeseed oil hydrolysis was inhibited by 1nM BaP and 10nM PHE. The hydrolysis of fish oil was only inhibited by 10μM BaP. The in vitro lipase activity data were corroborated by TLC/HPLC analysis of the reaction products, showing that in the presence of BaP and PHE, 46-80% less free fatty acids (FFA) were hydrolysed from rapeseed and fish oil triacylglycerides. The presence of low concentrations of BaP and PHE decreased rapeseed oil hydrolysis by BAL whereas fish oil hydrolysis was not affected. The replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil in aquafeeds introduces PAHs that could affect lipid digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Gelder
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sæle
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bas T H de Veen
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joëlle Vos
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Flik
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter H M Klaren
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Liu ZF, Gao XQ, Yu JX, Qian XM, Xue GP, Zhang QY, Liu BL, Hong L. Effects of different salinities on growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and muscle fatty acid composition in juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:761-773. [PMID: 28013424 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salinity on survival, growth, special activity of digestive enzymes, nonspecific immune response, and muscle fatty acid composition were evaluated in the American shad (Alosa sapidissima). Juveniles of 35 days after hatching were reared at 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 ppt for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, juvenile American shad presented higher survival and specific growth rate (SGR) in salinity group (7, 14, and 21 ppt) than control group (P < 0.05). The special activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin was highest in fish reared at 21 ppt, while the highest lipase special activity was obtained in control group (P < 0.05). The special activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) showed significant increases in salinity group (14 and 21 ppt) compared to control group (P < 0.05). Lower muscle ash contents were detected in salinity group (14, 21, and 28 ppt) than control group (P < 0.05), while the contents of crude lipid and crude protein were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). The level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) exhibited a decreasing trend, while an increased level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was detected with the increase of salinity. Among the PUFA, the content of n-3 fatty acids in muscle tissue was found to be increasing with the increasing salinity, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Results indicate that appropriate increase in salinity was reasonable and beneficial for juvenile American shad culture after a comprehensive consideration, especially salinity range from 14 to 21 ppt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Liu
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Xiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Qian
- Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong, 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Xue
- Haian Aquatic Product Technology Promotion Department, Nantong, 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong, 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hong
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Li K, Olsen RE. Metabolism of sn-1(3)-Monoacylglycerol and sn-2-Monoacylglycerol in Caecal Enterocytes and Hepatocytes of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). Lipids 2016; 52:61-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Kuepethkaew S, Sangkharak K, Benjakul S, Klomklao S. Laundry detergent-stable lipase from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas: Effect of extraction media and biochemical characterization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1180534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Xu C, Li XF, Tian HY, Jiang GZ, Liu WB. Feeding rates affect growth, intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities and endocrine functions of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:689-700. [PMID: 26597852 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal feeding rate for juvenile blunt snout bream (average initial weight 23.74 ± 0.09 g) based on the results on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities and endocrine functions. A total of 840 fish were randomly distributed into 24 cages and fed a commercial feed at six feeding rates ranging from 2.0 to 7.0% body weight (BW)/day. The results indicated that weight gain rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) as feeding rates increased from 2.0 to 5.0% BW/day, but decreased with the further increasing feeding rates (P > 0.05). Protein efficiency ratio and nitrogen and energy retention all showed a similar trend. However, feed conversion ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing feeding rates. Feeding rates have little effects (P > 0.05) on whole-body moisture, ash and protein contents, but significantly (P < 0.05) affect both lipid and energy contents with the highest values both observed in fish fed 4.0% BW/day. In addition, moderate ration sizes (2.0-4.0% BW/day) resulted in the enhanced activities of intestinal enzymes, including lipase, protease, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors-I, growth hormone receptor and neuropeptide all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as feeding rates increased from 2.0 to 5.0% and 6.0% BW/day, but decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the further increase in feeding rates, whereas both leptin and cholecystokinin expressions showed an opposite trend. Based on the broken-line regression analysis of SGR against feeding rates, the optimal feeding rate for juvenile blunt snout bream was estimated to be 4.57% BW/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 69 Xuejiali, Nanquan, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214182, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Vargas-Chacoff L, Saavedra E, Oyarzún R, Martínez-Montaño E, Pontigo JP, Yáñez A, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Mancera JM, Ortiz E, Bertrán C. Effects on the metabolism, growth, digestive capacity and osmoregulation of juvenile of Sub-Antarctic Notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus acclimated at different salinities. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1369-1381. [PMID: 26148800 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the influence of three different environmental salinities (5, 15 and 31 psu during 90 days) on growth, osmoregulation, energy metabolism and digestive capacity in juveniles of the Notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus. At the end of experimental time samples of plasma, liver, gill, intestine, kidney, skeletal muscle, stomach and pyloric caeca were obtained. Growth, weight gain, hepatosomatic index and specific growth rate increased at 15 and 31 psu and were lower at 5 psu salinity. Gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity presented a "U-shaped" relationship respect to salinity, with its minimum rates at 15 psu, while this activity correlated negatively with salinity at both anterior and posterior intestinal portions. No significant changes in NKA activity were observed in kidney or mid intestine. Large changes in plasma, metabolite levels and enzymatic activities related to energy metabolism in liver, gill, intestine, kidney and muscle were generally found in the groups exposed to 5 and 31 psu compared to the 15 psu group. Only the pepsin activity (digestive enzymes) assessed enhanced with environmental salinity, while pyloric caeca trypsin/chymotrypsin ratio decreased. This study suggests that juvenile of E. maclovinus presents greater growth near its iso-osmotic point (15 psu) and hyperosmotic environment (31 psu). Acclimation to low salinity increased the osmoregulatory expenditure as seen by the gill and anterior intestine results, while at high salinity, branchial osmoregulatory activity was also enhanced. This requires the mobilization of lipid stores and amino acids, thereby holding the growth of fish back. The subsequent reallocation of energy sources was not sufficient to maintain the growth rate of fish exposed to 5 psu. Thus, E. maclovinus juveniles present better growth efficiencies in salinities above the iso-osmotic point and hyperosmotic environment of this species, showing their best performance at 15 psu as seen by the main osmoregulatory and energy metabolism enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - E Saavedra
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - E Martínez-Montaño
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo (CIEN Austral) CONICYT Regional R10C1002, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, PO Box 610, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J P Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (FONDAP-INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (FONDAP-INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), CIMAR-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Bertrán
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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28
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Smichi N, Fendri A, Gargouri Y, Miled N. A High Salt-Tolerant Thermoactive Esterase from Golden Grey Mullet: Purification, Characterization and Kinetic Properties. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Smichi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases; ENIS; Route de Soukra Sfax BP 3038 Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases; ENIS; Route de Soukra Sfax BP 3038 Tunisia
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases; ENIS; Route de Soukra Sfax BP 3038 Tunisia
| | - Nabil Miled
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases; ENIS; Route de Soukra Sfax BP 3038 Tunisia
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29
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Bouchaâla E, BouAli M, Ali YB, Miled N, Gargouri Y, Fendri A. Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Modeling of Pancreatic Lipase from a Cartilaginous Fish, the Common Stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:151-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Murashita K, Matsunari H, Kumon K, Tanaka Y, Shiozawa S, Furuita H, Oku H, Yamamoto T. Characterization and ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1741-1755. [PMID: 25055726 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The major digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae were characterized, and the physiological characteristics of the enzymes during early ontogeny were clarified using biochemical and molecular approaches. The maximum activity of trypsin (Try), chymotrypsin (Ct) and amylase (Amy) was observed at pH 6-11, 8-11 and 6-9, respectively. Maximum activity of Try, Ct and Amy occurred at 50 °C, that of lipase (Lip) was at 60 °C and that of pepsin (Pep) was at 40-50 °C. These pH and thermal profiles were similar to those for other fish species but differed from those previously reported for adult bluefin tuna. Enzyme activity for all enzymes assayed was found to decrease at high temperatures (Try, Ct, Amy and Pep: 50 °C; Lip: 40 °C), which is similar to findings for other fish species with one marked exception-increased Try activity was observed at 40 °C. Lip activity appeared to be dependent on bile salts under our assay conditions, resulting in a significant increase in activity in the presence of bile salts. Ontogenetic changes in pancreatic digestive enzymes showed similar gene expression patterns to those of other fish species, whereas marked temporal increases in enzyme activities were observed at 10-12 days post hatching (dph), coinciding with previously reported timing of the development of the pyloric caeca in bluefin tuna larvae. However, complete development of digestive function was indicated by the high pep gene expression from 19 dph, which contradicts the profile of Pep activity and previously reported development timing of the gastric gland. These findings contribute to the general knowledge of bluefin tuna larval digestive system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Aquaculture Systems Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1, Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan,
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31
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Zhang CN, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang DD, Tian HY, Li JY, Liu WB. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide levels and feeding modes on growth, immune responses, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:560-569. [PMID: 25451000 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) levels and its feeding modes on growth, immune response, antioxidant capability and disease resistance of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish (12.5 ± 0.5 g) were subjected to three FOS levels (0, 0.4% and 0.8%) and two feeding modes (supplementing FOS continuously and supplementing FOS two days interval 5 days) according to a 3 × 2 factorial design. At the end of 8-week feeding trial, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with concentration of 1 × 10(5) CFU mL(-1) and mortality was recorded for the next 96 h. Fish fed 0.4% FOS continuously (D2) and fish fed the basal diet for 5 days followed by 0.8% FOS for 2 days (D5) showed admirable growth performance. The highest plasma lysozyme, acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities as well as complement component 3, total protein and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were all observed in fish fed D5. They were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group and/or fish fed 0.8% FOS continuously, but exhibited no statistical difference (P > 0.05) with that of fish fed D2. A similar trend was also observed in antioxidant capability as well as the expression of Leap-I and Leap-Ⅱ. Mortality showed an opposite trend with the immune response with the lowest rate observed in fish fed D5. The results indicated that diet supplementing FOS in appropriate levels and feeding modes could improve the growth, immune response and antioxidant capability of fish, as might consequently lead to enhanced disease resistance. It can be speculated that the basal diet for 5 days followed by 0.8% FOS for 2 days was most suitable for blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Hong X, Qing Z, Chang-an W, Zhi-gang Z, Ling L, Lian-sheng W, Jin-nan L, Qi-you X. Effect of Dietary Alanyl-glutamine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Development of Intestinal Tract, Antioxidant Status and Plasma Non-specific Immunity of Young Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1006-8104(15)30018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Hartviksen M, Bakke AM, Vecino JG, Ringø E, Krogdahl Å. Evaluation of the effect of commercially available plant and animal protein sources in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): digestive and metabolic investigations. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1621-37. [PMID: 24962539 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of various alternative diet ingredients partially replacing fishmeal (FM) on digestive and metabolic parameters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts (initial body mass 305 ± 69 g) following 12 weeks of feeding. Experimental diets containing 20 % extracted sunflower (ESF), pea protein concentrate (PPC), soy protein concentrate (SPC), feather meal (FeM) and poultry by-product (PBY) were compared to a reference diet containing FM as the main protein source. For the different intestinal compartments trypsin, lipase, bile salts, dry matter and chyme-associated leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were measured from the content and LAP was measured in the tissue. Selected metabolites were measured in plasma samples. In general, use of plant proteins resulted in low C-LAP activity, low plasma cholesterol and high plasma magnesium. The plasma levels of cholesterol and Mg reflecting were most likely reflections of the composition of the diet, while the LAP activity in chyme may indicate lower epithelial cell turnover. Other responses varied depending on the plant protein source. Results from the animal protein substitution also varied both between diets and compartments; however, both materials increased lipase activity in DI. FeM resulted in a significant increase in both total and specific LAP activities suggesting an attempt to increase the digestive capacity in response to low digestibility of the diet while PBY showed very little difference from the FM-fed control fish. The present trial indicates that 20 % PPC, SPC and PBY can partially replace FM in diets for Atlantic salmon. The qualities of ESF and FeM used in this trial show little promise as FM replacement at 20 % inclusion level.
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Xu QY, Wang CA, Zhao ZG, Luo L. Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal by Soy Protein Isolate on the Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Serum Biochemical Parameters for Juvenile Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1588-94. [PMID: 25049521 PMCID: PMC4093030 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An 8-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein isolate (SPI) on the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). SPI was used to replace 0, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100% of dietary FM and 100% replacement supplemented crystalline amino acid. Healthy sturgeon with an average initial weight of 26.38±0.24 g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria (8 treatments with triplicates each) at an initial stocking density of 11 fish per aquarium and cultured for 8 wks. The results showed that 75.00% or more substitution resulted in a poor weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between diets of 25.00% to 62.50% substitution. Protease, lipase and amylase activity in foregut, mid-gut and hindgut were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by diets where SPI replacement levels were 62.50% or more. Levels of serum total protein (TP) and globulin decreased significantly from 21.03, 10.34 to 14.05, 5.63 g/L with the increasing dietary SPI (p<0.05), but alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, supplemental crystalline amino acid in the FM absence diet did not improve growth performance, intestine digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the results from this study showed adverse effects of inclusion of SPI in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile Amur sturgeon. Based on WGR and replacement ratio presented in this report, a 57.64% replacement level was recommended.
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Dai L, Qian X, Nan X, Zhang Y. Effect of cardiac glycosides from Nerium indicum on feeding rate, digestive enzymes activity and ultrastructural alterations of hepatopancreas in Pomacea canaliculata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:220-227. [PMID: 24361644 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides from Nerium indicum showed potent molluscicide activity against Pomacea canaliculata (GAS), but the toxicological mechanism is still far less understood. Effects of sublethal treatments of cardiac glycosides on feeding rate, digestive enzymes and ultrastructural alterations of the hepatopancreas in GAS were evaluated in this study. Exposure of GAS to sublethal concentrations of cardiac glycosides resulted in a significant reduction of feeding rate of GAS. The amylase, cellulose and protease activity were increase significantly at the end of 24 h followed by significant inhibition after 48 h of exposure while lipase activity was not affected significantly at the end of 24 h followed by a significant inhibition after 48 h of exposure during experimental period. The main ultrastructural alterations of hepatopancreas observed in snails under cardiac glycosides treatment comprised disruption of nuclear membrane, increased vesiculation and dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuolization and swelling of mitochondrial compared to the untreated GAS. These results, for the first time, provide systematic evidences showing that cardiac glycosides seriously impairs the hepatopancreas tissues of GAS, resulting in inhibition of digestive enzymes activity and feeding rate and cause GAS death in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Dai
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Qian
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Xuyang Nan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Yejian Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
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Nyquist NF, Krogdahl Å, Penn M, Kaldhusdahl M, Thomassen M, Haug A. Growth and gut health in chickens on diets varying in fatty acid composition and selenium content. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.841750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Smichi N, Gargouri Y, Miled N, Fendri A. A grey mullet enzyme displaying both lipase and phospholipase activities: Purification and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 58:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Srichanun M, Tantikitti C, Utarabhand P, Kortner TM. Gene expression and activity of digestive enzymes during the larval development of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:1-9. [PMID: 23458902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of digestive enzyme development during larval stages provides a better understanding of the digestive and nutritional physiology of fish larvae. This study characterized the ontogeny of key digestive enzymes in Asian seabass larvae from hatching to juvenile stage (30 days post hatch, dph) using molecular and biochemical approaches. Gene expression and activity of pepsinogen (pg), trypsinogen (try), chymotrypsinogen (ctr), bile salt-activated lipase (bal), α-amylase (amy), leucine aminopeptidase (lap) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) were determined. Gene expression and enzyme activity of all digestive enzymes were detectable from hatching. Pepsinogen mRNA levels were close to detection limit during 0-15 dph, but were highly expressed from 18 dph and onwards. This coincided with a marked increase in specific and individual pepsin activity, indicating complete development of digestive function. Expression levels of try, ctr, amy and bal were high between 3 and 15 dph and thereafter a decreasing trend was observed. Intestinal enzymes, lap and alp, showed highest expression levels during the yolk sac stage, and thereafter levels decreased. Activity of all digestive enzymes increased from around 18 dph and onwards. In conclusion, the development of main digestive enzymes in Asian seabass larvae shows a similar pattern to that of other marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manee Srichanun
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Lindquist S, Andersson EL, Lundberg L, Hernell O. Bile salt-stimulated lipase plays an unexpected role in arthritis development in rodents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47006. [PMID: 23071697 PMCID: PMC3469624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the hypothesis that bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), in addition to being a key enzyme in dietary fat digestion during early infancy, plays an important role in inflammation, notably arthritis. METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in rodents are commonly used experimental models that reproduce many of the pathogenic mechanisms of human rheumatoid arthritis, i.e. increased cellular infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and erosion of cartilage and bone in the distal joints. We used the CIA model to compare the response in BSSL wild type (BSSL-WT) mice with BSSL-deficient 'knock-out' (BSSL-KO) and BSSL-heterozygous (BSSL-HET) littermates. We also investigated if intraperitoneal injection of BSSL-neutralizing antibodies affected the development or severity of CIA and PIA in mice and rats, respectively. RESULTS In two consecutive studies, we found that BSSL-KO male mice, in contrast to BSSL-WT littermates, were significantly protected from developing arthritis. We also found that BSSL-HET mice were less prone to develop disease compared to BSSL-WT mice, but not as resistant as BSSL-KO mice, suggesting a gene-dose effect. Moreover, we found that BSSL-neutralizing antibody injection reduced both the incidence and severity of CIA and PIA in rodents. CONCLUSION Our data strongly support BSSL as a key player in the inflammatory process, at least in rodents. It also suggests the possibility that BSSL-neutralizing agents could serve as a therapeutic model to reduce the inflammatory response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Ali-Nehari A, Kim SB, Lee YB, Chun BS. Digestive enzymes characterization of krill (Euphausia superba) residues deoiled by supercritical carbon dioxide and organic solvents. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ali YB, Verger R, Abousalham A. Lipases or esterases: does it really matter? Toward a new bio-physico-chemical classification. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 861:31-51. [PMID: 22426710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-600-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylester hydrolases, commonly named esterases, consist of a large spectrum of enzymes defined by their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic ester bonds and are widely distributed among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Lipases are lipolytic enzymes which constitute a special class of carboxylic esterases capable of releasing long-chain fatty acids from natural water-insoluble carboxylic esters. However, up to now, several unsuccessful attempts aimed at differentiating "lipases" from "esterases" by using various criteria. These criteria were based on the first substrate used chronologically, primary sequence comparisons, some kinetic parameters, or some structural features.Lipids are biological compounds which, by definition, are insoluble in water. Taking into account this basic physico-chemical criterion, we primarily distinguish lipolytic esterases (L, acting on lipids) from nonlipolytic esterases (NL, not acting on lipids). In view of the biochemical data accumulated up to now, we proposed a new classification of esterases based on various criteria of physico-chemical, chemical, anatomical, or cellular nature. We believe that the present attempt matters scientifically for several reasons: (1) to help newcomers in the field, performing a few key experiments to figure out if a newly isolated esterase is lipolytic or not; (2) to clarify a debate between scientists in the field; and (3) to formulate questions which are relevant to the still unsolved problem of the structure-function relationships of esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ben Ali
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Kurtovic I, Marshall SN, Zhao X, Simpson BK. Purification and properties of digestive lipases from Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and New Zealand hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1041-1060. [PMID: 20143156 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipases were purified from delipidated pyloric ceca powder of two New Zealand-sourced fish, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), by fractional precipitation with polyethylene glycol 1000, followed by affinity chromatography using cholate-Affi-Gel 102, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 HR. For the first time, in-polyacrylamide gel activity of purified fish lipases against 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate has been demonstrated. Calcium ions and sodium cholate were absolutely necessary both for lipase stability in the gel and for optimum activity against caprate and palmitate esters of p-nitrophenol. A single protein band was present in native polyacrylamide gels for both salmon and hoki final enzyme preparations. Under denaturing conditions, electrophoretic analysis revealed two bands of 79.6 and 54.9 kDa for salmon lipase. It is proposed that these bands correspond to an uncleaved and a final form of the enzyme. One band of 44.6 kDa was seen for hoki lipase. pI values of 5.8±0.1 and 5.7±0.1 were obtained for the two salmon lipase forms. The hoki lipase had a pI of 5.8±0.1. Both lipases had the highest activity at 35°C, were thermally labile, had a pH optimum of 8-8.5, and were more acid stable compared to other fish lipases studied to date. Both enzymes were inhibited by the organophosphate paraoxon. Chinook salmon and hoki lipases showed good stability in several water-immiscible solvents. The enzymes had very similar amino acid composition to mammalian carboxyl ester lipases and one other fish digestive lipase. The salmon enzyme was an overall better catalyst based on its higher turnover number (3.7±0.3 vs. 0.71±0.05 s(-1) for the hoki enzyme) and lower activation energy (2.0±0.4 vs. 7.6±0.8 kcal/mol for the hoki enzyme) for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl caprate. The salmon and hoki enzymes are homologous with mammalian carboxyl ester lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada,
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Saele Ø, Nordgreen A, Olsvik PA, Hamre K. Characterization and expression of digestive neutral lipases during ontogeny of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:252-9. [PMID: 20624477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The major neutral lipase excreted by the pancreas in fish, is bile activated lipase (BAL). Here we present evidence that cod have a functional BAL and a non-functional pancreatic lipase related protein (PLRP). The Atlantic cod genome does not seem to contain colipase which is essential for pancreatic lipase activity. During the larval stages, the gene expression of BAL was low until the point when pyloric caeca started to differentiate and develop (approximately 20mm standard length (SL)). Then the expression increased until approximately 50mm SL. The PLRP gene was expressed but showed very little regulation. The activity of neutral lipase did not increase in parallel to gene expression. The mismatch between activity and gene expression measurements may be partly explained by the unspecific analytical method, when analysing lipase activity in larva whole body. There is neutral lipase activity in numerous tissues in the fish larvae and the lipase activity in the gut, relatively to activity in the whole body, decreased with age. Furthermore, neutral lipase activity in rotifers was ten times higher than in whole cod larvae with full guts. Activity originating from the live prey may therefore explain the high whole body lipase activity from 3 to 20dph. The results also indicate that "adult type" digestion of neutral lipid develops late in the larval period (from 20mm SL), while other mechanisms of lipid uptake are active at the early larval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Saele
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box. 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Bakke AM, Glover C, Krogdahl Å. Feeding, digestion and absorption of nutrients. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(10)03002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Comparative study of digestive enzymes of squid (Todarodes pacificus) viscera after supercritical carbon dioxide and organic solvent extraction. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Noriega-Rodríguez JA, Gámez-Meza N, Alanis-Villa A, Medina-Juárez LA, Tejeda-Mansir A, Angulo-Guerrero O, García HS. Extraction and fractionation of lipolytic enzyme from viscera of Monterey sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea). Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bogevik AS, Oxley A, Olsen RE. Hydrolysis of Acyl-Homogeneous and Fish Oil Triacylglycerols Using Desalted Midgut Extract from Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar. Lipids 2008; 43:655-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Mitra G, Mukhopadhyay P, Ayyappan S. Modulation of digestive enzyme activities during ontogeny of Labeo rohita larvae fed ascorbic acid enriched zooplankton. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 149:341-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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