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Significant Improvement Selected Mediators of Inflammation in Phenotypes of Women with PCOS after Reduction and Low GI Diet. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5489523. [PMID: 28655971 PMCID: PMC5474536 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5489523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many researchers suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In the available literature, there are no studies on the mediators of inflammation in women with PCOS, especially after dietary intervention. Eicosanoids (HETE and HODE) were compared between the biochemical phenotypes of women with PCOS (normal and high androgens) and after the 3-month reduction diet. Eicosanoid profiles (9(S)-HODE, 13(S)-HODE, 5(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE, 5(S)-oxoETE, 16(R)-HETE, 16(S)-HETE and 5(S), 6(R)-lipoxin A4, 5(S), 6(R), 15(R)-lipoxin A4) were extracted from 0.5 ml of plasma using solid-phase extraction RP-18 SPE columns. The HPLC separations were performed on a 1260 liquid chromatograph. No significant differences were found in the concentration of analysed eicosanoids in phenotypes of women with PCOS. These women, however, have significantly lower concentration of inflammatory mediators than potentially healthy women from the control group. Dietary intervention leads to a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators, reaching similar levels as in the control group. The development of inflammatory reaction in both phenotypes of women with PCOS is similar. The pathways for synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in women with PCOS are dormant, but can be stimulated through a reduction diet. Three-month period of lifestyle change may be too short to stimulate the pathways inhibiting inflammatory process.
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Maciejewska D, Ossowski P, Drozd A, Ryterska K, Jamioł-Milc D, Banaszczak M, Kaczorowska M, Sabinicz A, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Stachowska E. Metabolites of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease--A pilot study. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:184-9. [PMID: 26408952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions related to fat infiltration. The role of liver triacylglycerol accumulation in NAFLD is not fully understood. METHODS Twenty-four patients, 12 in the first and 12 in the second stage of NAFLD, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters and eicosanoids (HETE and HODE) were compared between the first and the second stage of hepatic steatosis and the effect of a 6-month dietary intervention on these parameters was evaluated. Eicosanoid profiles were extracted from 0.5 ml of plasma using solid-phase extraction RP-18 SPE columns. The HPLC separations were performed on a 1260 liquid chromatograph. RESULTS Patients with stage I NAFLD had a significantly higher level of HDL cholesterol and a lower level of 5-HETE. Patients with grade II steatosis had higher concentrations of 9-HODE. Following the six-month dietary intervention, hepatic steatosis resolved completely in all patients. This resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of all eicosanoids (LX4, 16-HETE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 15-HETE, 12-HETE, 5-oxoETE, 5-HETE) and key biochemical parameters (BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver enzymes). CONCLUSION A significant reduction in the analyzed eicosanoids and a parallel reduction in fatty liver confirmed the usefulness of HETE and HODE in the assessment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Ossowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Jamioł-Milc
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Banaszczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sabinicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Powell WS, Rokach J. Biosynthesis, biological effects, and receptors of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) derived from arachidonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:340-55. [PMID: 25449650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be oxygenated by a variety of different enzymes, including lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450s, and can be converted to a complex mixture of oxygenated products as a result of lipid peroxidation. The initial products in these reactions are hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HpETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) can be formed by the actions of various dehydrogenases on HETEs or by dehydration of HpETEs. Although a large number of different HETEs and oxo-ETEs have been identified, this review will focus principally on 5-oxo-ETE, 5S-HETE, 12S-HETE, and 15S-HETE. Other related arachidonic acid metabolites will also be discussed in less detail. 5-Oxo-ETE is synthesized by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-HETE by the selective enzyme, 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. It actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, suggesting that it may be important in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. 5-Oxo-ETE also appears to stimulate tumor cell proliferation and may also be involved in cancer. Highly selective and potent OXE receptor antagonists have recently become available and could help to clarify its pathophysiological role. The 12-lipoxygenase product 12S-HETE acts by the GPR31 receptor and promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and could therefore be a promising target in cancer therapy. It may also be involved as a proinflammatory mediator in diabetes. In contrast, 15S-HETE may have a protective effect in cancer. In addition to GPCRs, higher concentration of HETEs and oxo-ETEs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and could potentially regulate a variety of processes by this mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Huang LS, Kim MR, Sok DE. Enzymatic reduction of polyunsaturated lysophosphati-dylcholine hydroperoxides by glutathione peroxidase-1. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jiang WG, Watkins G, Douglas-Jones A, Mansel RE. Reduction of isoforms of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX)-1 and 15-LOX-2 in human breast cancer. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:235-45. [PMID: 16556493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) belongs to the structurally and functionally related nonheme iron dioxygenases family. It has two isoforms, type-1 (leukocyte type) and type-2 (epidermis type) and converts arachidonic acid to eicosanoids including the anti-cancer 13-HODE. In the current study, we investigate the expression of both isoforms of 15-LOX in human breast cancer (n=120) and normal mammary tissues (n=32), using immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis of the gene transcripts. Both 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 were found in normal mammary epithelial cells and in vascular endothelial cells. The staining of both 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 was markedly weaker in breast cancer cells. Using quantitative analysis, it was found that the 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2:CK19 ratios were lower in breast tumour tissues, compared with normal tissues (P=0.05 and P=0.035, respectively). Although no significant correlation was seen between either isoforms and nodal status and tumour grade, significantly lower ratio of 15-LOX-2:CK19 was seen in late stage breast tumours. Both 15-LOX-2 and 15-LOX-1 were found to be at significantly lower levels in tumours from patients who developed metastasis (P=0.0018 for 15-LOX-2 and P=0.031 for 15-LOX-1, compared with patients who remained disease free), and in patients who died of breast cancer related causes (P=0.043 and P=0.020 vs disease-free group, for 15-LOX-2 and 15-LOX-1, respectively). It was also demonstrated that ER-positive tumours had significantly lower levels of 15-LOX-2, but not 15-LOX-1, compared with ER-negative tumours (P=0.031). Finally, the study has shown that the 15LOX1:15LOX2 ratio had a strong value in predicting clinical outcome. Patients who developed metastasis, local recurrence and died of breast cancer had significantly lower ratio compared with those who remained disease free (P=0.0057, P=0.0075, P=0.0091, respectively). In conclusion, the current study reports aberrant expression of both isoforms of 15-LOX, 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2, in human breast cancer. The reduction is correlated with the disease progression of breast cancer and a poor clinical outcome. The study has also reported a link between 15-LOX-2 and oestrogen receptor status in breast tumours. Both isoforms of 15-lipoxygenase have a tumour suppressing role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Wales of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Marvin KW, Eykholt RL, Mitchell MD. Subcellular localization of prostaglandin H synthase-2 in a human amnion cell line: implications for nuclear localized prostaglandin signaling pathways. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62:7-11. [PMID: 10765973 DOI: 10.1054/plef.1999.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have determined that prostaglandin H synthase-2 localises strongly to the nuclear membrane as well as being found in the endoplasmic reticulum in human amnion-derived WISH cells which have been stimulated with interleukin 1beta and phorbol ester. This is consistent with findings in cells of non-reproductive origin. There is strong evidence that prostaglandin J2 derivatives, which in other tissues exhibit tumour suppressing, antiproliferative and/or differentiation promoting activities, act through binding of intracellular receptors which then enter the nucleus. In addition, some arachidonic acid derivatives are clearly generated by enzymes at the nuclear envelope and localise to sites in nuclei or bind sites in nuclei. The WISH cell line will make an excellent system for studying these perinuclear intracellular prostanoid signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Marvin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
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Zakaroff-Girard A, Dubois M, Gilbert M, Meskini N, Némoz G, Lagarde M, Prigent AF. The priming effect of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on lymphocyte phospholipase D involves specific binding sites. Life Sci 1999; 64:2135-48. [PMID: 10372655 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE)-enrichment primed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for phospholipase D activation by mitogens. Given that 12(S)-HETE-enriched cells stimulated with concanavalin A released free 12(S)-HETE in the extracellular medium, and that the priming effect of 12(S)-HETE on phospholipase D was suppressed by the non-permeant drug, suramin, we hypothesized an extracellular mechanism for 12(S)-HETE-induced PLD activation. Using [3H]12(S)-HETE as a ligand and a rapid filtration technique, we have pointed out the presence of specific low-affinity 12(S)-HETE binding sites on intact human mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. [3H]12(S)-HETE binding was efficiently displaced by other monohydroxylated and n-3 fatty acids but not by oleate and arachidonate, and was also significantly inhibited by suramin and pertussis toxin. Furthermore, 12(S)-HETE-induced PLD activation was strongly inhibited by pertussis toxin and genistein, but was not PKC-dependent. In addition, 12(S)-HETE also potentiated the ConA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of a 46-50 kDa protein, which was inhibited by genistein. Collectively, these results suggest that 12(S)-HETE binding sites on human lymphocytes may be coupled to phospholipase D through pertussis toxin sensitive G-proteins and tyrosine kinases.
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MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/metabolism
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Concanavalin A/pharmacology
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/pharmacology
- Genistein/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/enzymology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Pertussis Toxin
- Phospholipase D/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Phosphotyrosine/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Suramin/pharmacology
- Tritium
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zakaroff-Girard
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Kang LT, Phillips TM, Vanderhoek JY. Novel membrane target proteins for lipoxygenase-derived mono(S)hydroxy fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1438:388-98. [PMID: 10366781 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs) are major bioactive lipids formed via the lipoxygenase oxygenation of arachidonic and linoleic acid, respectively. These metabolites appear to be involved in various cellular actions including cell proliferation, migration and regulation of enzyme activities such as phospholipases and kinases. In view of the diversity of biological effects of these hydroxy fatty acids, it seems likely that multiple mechanisms are involved. Previous reports showed that 15(S)-HETE inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cell homogenates and established the presence of specific cellular HETE binding sites in these and other cells. The present study used 15(S)-HETE biotin hydrazide and 15(S)-HETE biotin pentyl amide as probes to identify membrane target proteins present in RBL-1 cells that specifically interact with HETEs and HODEs. Two membrane-associated proteins, with apparent molecular weights of 43 and 58 kDa, were identified that specifically interact with these probes and competition experiments indicated that 13(S)-HODE and 15(S)-HETE were the most effective competitors for the hydrazide probe, followed in decreasing effectiveness by 5(S)-HETE, arachidonic acid, 15(R)-HETE, stearic acid and 12(S)-HHT, a cyclooxygenase product. The two proteins were isolated and microsequencing analysis established their identities as actin and the alpha-subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, respectively. In vitro binding studies confirmed that purified actin is a potential 15-HETE binding protein. Subcellular cytosolic fractions exhibited fewer protein-probe complexes than membrane fractions. The association of HETEs and HODEs with these cytoskeletal and mitochondrial proteins, respectively, represents a new development in the potential actions of these hydroxy fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Schewe T, Petrich K, Ludwig P, Kühn H, Nigam S. Effect of 15-HETE on the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in neutrophils. Genuine inhibitor or alternative substrate? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 447:95-105. [PMID: 10086186 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4861-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Schewe
- University Clinics Benjamin Franklin, Department of Gynaecology, Berlin, Germany
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Mancuso P, Standiford TJ, Marshall T, Peters-Golden M. 5-Lipoxygenase reaction products modulate alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1998; 66:5140-6. [PMID: 9784515 PMCID: PMC108641 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.11.5140-5146.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/1998] [Accepted: 08/05/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukotrienes are potent lipid mediators of inflammation formed by the 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid. Although the effects of leukotrienes on neutrophil chemotaxis and activation have been established, their role in modulating innate host defense mechanisms is poorly understood. In a previous study (M. Bailie, T. Standiford, L. Laichalk, M. Coffey, R. Strieter, and M. Peters-Golden, J. Immunol. 157:5221-5224, 1996), we used 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice to establish a critical role for endogenous leukotrienes in pulmonary clearance and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the present study, we investigated the role of specific endogenous leukotrienes in phagocytosis of K. pneumoniae and explored the possibility that exogenous leukotrienes could restore phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages with endogenous leukotriene synthesis inhibition and enhance this process in leukotriene-competent cells. Rat alveolar macrophages produced leukotriene B4 (LTB4), LTC4, and 5-hydoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) during the process of phagocytosis, and the inhibition of endogenous leukotriene synthesis with zileuton and MK-886 dramatically attenuated phagocytosis. We also observed a reduction in phagocytosis when we treated alveolar macrophages with antagonists to the plasma membrane receptors for either LTB4, cysteinyl-leukotrienes, or both. In leukotriene-competent cells, LTC4 augmented phagocytosis to the greatest extent, followed by 5-HETE and LTB4. These 5-lipoxygenase reaction products demonstrated similar relative abilities to reconstitute phagocytosis in zileuton-treated rat alveolar macrophages and in alveolar macrophages from 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice. We conclude that endogenous synthesis of all major 5-lipoxygenase reaction products plays an essential role in phagocytosis. The restorative and pharmacologic effects of LTC4, LTB4, and 5-HETE may provide a basis for their exogenous administration as an adjunctive treatment for patients with gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mancuso
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0642, USA.
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Kang LT, Vanderhoek JY. Synthesis and use of a novel biotinylated probe for the chemiluminescent detection of proteins that bind 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Anal Biochem 1997; 250:119-22. [PMID: 9234906 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L T Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Kühn H. Biosynthesis, metabolization and biological importance of the primary 15-lipoxygenase metabolites 15-hydro(pero)XY-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid and 13-hydro(pero)XY-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid. Prog Lipid Res 1996; 35:203-26. [PMID: 9082450 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(96)00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kühn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinics Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Petrich K, Ludwig P, Kühn H, Schewe T. The suppression of 5-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes by the 15-lipoxygenase product (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoic acid: structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action. Biochem J 1996; 314 ( Pt 3):911-6. [PMID: 8615788 PMCID: PMC1217143 DOI: 10.1042/bj3140911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
(15S)-Hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) suppresses in ionophore-A23187-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) the conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid into leukotriene B(4) (LTB4) and (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). However, contrary to earlier suggestions, 15-HETE is not a genuine 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor under these conditions, but rather suppresses the 5-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid by switching-over of substrate utilization, as judged from a sizeable formation of labelled (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetr aen oic acid (5,15-diHETE) from 15-[1(-14)C]HETE. Identical results were obtained with human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase. In PMN the formation of 5,15-diHETE is strongly stimulated by either hydroperoxypolyenoic fatty acids or arachidonic acid, suggesting a crucial role of the hydroperoxide tone of the cell. A comparison of a selection of hydroxypolyenoic fatty acids with respect to their capability of suppressing 5-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid revealed that 15-mono-hydroxyeicosanoids throughout exhibit the highest inhibitory potencies, whereas the other HETEs, 5,15-diHETE as well as octadecanoids, are modest or poor inhibitors. The R and S enantiomers of 15-HETE do not differ from each other, excluding a receptor-like binding of the 15-hydroxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Petrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinics Charite, Berlin, Germany
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