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Intraovarian Injection of Reconstituted Lyophilized Growth-Promoting Factor Extracted from Horse Blood Platelets (L-GF equina) Increases Oocytes Recovery and In Vitro Embryo Production in Holstein Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192618. [PMID: 36230359 PMCID: PMC9559501 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intraovarian injections of a reconstituted lyophilized growth-promoting factor extracted from horse blood platelets (L-GFequina) on the number of ovarian follicles, the recovery of cumulus−oocyte complexes (COCs), and embryo development to the blastocyst stage in Holstein cows. Thus, 12 Holstein cows were assigned to three protocols. According to the number of punctured follicles in protocol 1, ovum pick-up (OPU) was conducted on days 6 and 14 of the cycle (day 0 = estrus). In protocol 2, every large follicle (more than 7 mm) was removed, and 1 mL of L-GFequina was intraovarian injected (day 0). Two days later, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered, and OPU sessions were conducted on days 6, 10, and 14. The same ovarian stimulation procedure as that in protocol 2 was performed in protocol 3, except that equine L-GFequina was not supplied. OPU was carried out on days 6 and 10 of the cycle. The results indicate that the intraovarian injection of L-GFequina significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of OPU sessions per cycle, the recovery of cumulus−oocyte complexes (COCs), and the production of blastocysts. In conclusion, an intraovarian injection of L-GFequina can improves OPU-IVEP results in Holstein cows.
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ÖZMEN MF, ŞİRELİ HD, CİRİT Ü, ÇINAR EM, SAY E. Effects of PMSG application time on fertility in estrus-synchronized Kilis goat lambs out of season. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.977775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Antczak DF, de Mestre AM, Wilsher S, Allen WR. The equine endometrial cup reaction: a fetomaternal signal of significance. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2012; 1:419-42. [PMID: 25387026 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable feature of equine pregnancy is the development of the invasive trophoblast of the chorionic girdle and its formation of the gonadotrophin-secreting endometrial cup cells in early gestation. The details of this process have been revealed only slowly over the past century, since the first description of the endometrial cups in 1912. This centennial presents an opportunity to review the characteristics of the cells and molecules involved in this early, critical phase of placentation in the mare. The invasiveness of the chorionic girdle trophoblast appears to represent an atavistic attribute more commonly associated with the hemochorial placentae of primates and rodents but not with the more recently derived epitheliochorial placentae of the odd-toed ungulates. The nature of and raison d'être for the strong fetal signals transmitted to the mare by the endometrial cup reaction, and her responses to these messages, are the subject of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
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Lecompte F, Harbeby E, Cahoreau C, Klett D, Combarnous Y. Use of the immature rat uterotrophic assay for specific measurements of chorionic gonadotropins and follicle-stimulating hormones in vivo bioactivities. Theriogenology 2010; 74:756-64. [PMID: 20451992 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The uterine weight growth stimulation by equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG/PMSG) was found to occur at much lower eCG concentrations than ovarian growth. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) which has only LH activity, was found to be as active as eCG in the uterotrophic assay whereas equine Luteinizing Hormone (eLH) which has dual LH+FSH activities like eCG, exhibited a much lower potency. In contrast to hCG, porcine and ovine LH as well as pFSH and oFSH exhibited no uterotrophic activity indicating that only gonadotropins with both LH activity and long half-lives are active alone in this assay. The FSH preparations were nevertheless found to trigger a dose-dependent response, but only in the presence of a subactive dose of hCG. The uterotrophic activity of hCG was found to be suppressed in ovariectomized immature rats and to be diminished after injection of GnRH antagonist suggesting an indirect pathway implicating the hypothalamo-pituitary complex. The data in this report together with the analysis of literature suggest that choriogonadotropins exert their stimulatory role on uterine growth by an indirect mechanism involving an increase in ovarian FSH receptors and FSH release by the pituitary. At the lowest concentrations of hCG, the increase in ovarian FSH receptors without endogenous FSH release is thought to be responsible for the sensitivity of the uterotrophic assay to exogenous FSHs. In conclusion, the immature rat uterotrophic assay is a sensitive and convenient assay for eCG and hCG as well as for FSHs in the presence of a sub-active dose of hCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lecompte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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González G, Castro B, Massaldi H. Extraction of equine chorionic gonadotrophin from pregnant mare plasma by direct adsorption on chromatographic media. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980105)57:1<22::aid-bit3>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Armstrong DT, Irvine BJ, Earl CR, McLean D, Seamark RF. Gonadotropin stimulation regimens for follicular aspiration and in vitro embryo production from calf oocytes. Theriogenology 1994; 42:1227-36. [PMID: 16727627 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1993] [Accepted: 10/07/1994] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Crossbred beef x dairy calves were randomly allocated at 3 wk of age to different gonadotropin treatment regimens for stimulation of follicle development and induction of oocyte maturation in vivo. Follicular responses were assessed laparoscopically, and oocytes were aspirated for assessment of maturational state or for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture to determine developmental capacity. Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH), administered in a single subcutaneous injection together with a low dosage of PMSG, was as effective as the same total dosage of FSH administered in 6 injections over a 3-d period. Without accompanying PMSG, this dose of FSH was ineffective in stimulating follicle development. The mean number of preovulatory follicles (> 5mm, with hyperemic appearance) doubled with each successive stimulation at 3-wk intervals, reaching 35 follicles per calf at 9 wk of age. Oocyte yields ranged from 55 to 81% of follicles aspirated, and did not differ significantly among age, FSH regimen and oocyte maturation stimulus. A combination of LH + FSH was more effective in stimulating cumulus cell expansion than LH by itself (73 vs 22% of recovered oocyte-cumulus cell complex (OCC) respectively; P<0.05). Of 33 unselected immature oocytes (cumulus unexpanded) subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) and IVF, 30% developed to blastocysts during co-culture with bovine oviduct epithelial cells, which was not significantly different from 25% of 36 oocytes from adult ovaries which reached the blastocyst stage under similar conditions. The results indicate that follicle responses of calf ovaries to FSH stimulation increase progressively from 3 to 9 wk of age, and that oocytes recovered laparoscopically from these follicles produce blastocysts in culture at rates similar to oocytes from adult cattle ovaries collected at slaughter. The approach offers promise for embryo production from donor calves of superior genetic merit for embryo transfer, thereby enhancing the rate of genetic gain above that attainable by conventional breeding or by embryo transfer in adult cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Armstrong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lea RG, Bolton AE. The effect of horse placental tissue extracts and equine chorionic gonadotrophin on the proliferation of horse lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. J Reprod Immunol 1991; 19:13-23. [PMID: 2007993 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(91)90003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercial preparations of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and extracts of horse placenta taken at 80 days gestation were incorporated into mixed lymphocyte culture and mitogen stimulation assays of horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A dose-related inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation, indicative of immunosuppressive activity, was observed in both systems, both with commercial eCG preparations and tissue extracts. Negligible inhibitory activity was observed with an extract of term placenta. The inhibitory activity of the placental samples was not related to their eCG content as measured by immunoassay. The fact that one pregnant horn allantochorion extract containing 50 IU/ml of eCG showed an identical dose-dependent lymphoproliferation-inhibitory activity to an extract of a second such allantochorion containing only 1.7 IU/ml of eCG suggests that this hormone does not inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and that commercially available eCG contains inhibitory contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Lea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sheffield City Polytechnic, U.K
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Sairam MR, Yarney TA, Bhargavi GN, Sanford LM. Conformational restrictions of the sheep testicular receptor discriminates pituitary lutropin and placental gonadotropins. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Yadav MC, Walton JS, Leslie KE. Ovarian function in Holstein cows immunized against pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. Theriogenology 1986; 26:541-9. [PMID: 16726218 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(86)90044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1985] [Accepted: 08/22/1986] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Six Holstein-Friesian cows were immunized against pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) using Freunds' adjuvant during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Antibody response was maintained by five booster immunizations at 2- to 3-wk intervals. Four cows were treated with a single intramuscular injection of PMSG (2350 I U) 107 d after primary immunization. Cloprostenol (500 ug) was administered at 56 h and 72 h after the treatment with PMSG; the cows were inseminated three times at 12-h intervals starting 56 h after cloprostenol treatment. Five days after insemination, the animals were slaughtered and their reproductive organs were recovered to quantify the population of corpora lutea and unovulated follicles (>10 mm dia). Antibody titres and progesterone concentrations were determined from blood samples collected either on alternate days or twice a week. Initially, progesterone concentrations were measured in milk samples. All cows produced antibodies, and titres were elevated within 6 to 9 d following each booster immunization. After each boost, however, the antibody titres declined rapidly. Progesterone concentrations declined to below 1 ng/ml after two weeks of initial immunization and remained low throughout the study, except in one cow that ovulated on Day 75. All animals were observed to have large follicular cysts during this period. Treatment with PMSG induced a single ovulation in one cow. Ovulations were neither induced by PMSG nor observed in any of the other animals. In PMSG-treated animals, the mean number of large follicles (5.0) was greater than in those which were not treated (2.0). The results of this study suggest that low titres of antibodies against PMSG are sufficient to disturb ovarian activity, result in follicular cysts and block multiple ovulations in response to exogenous PMSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Yadav
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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Moudgal NR, Sairam MR, Mahoney J. On the immunogenicity of the beta subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH beta) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): effect of antiserum on monkey cycle and early pregnancy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY : AJRIM 1985; 8:120-4. [PMID: 4037173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1985.tb00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibody to ovine LH beta (oLH beta) subunit and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were produced in adult male chimpanzees and evaluated for cross reactivity with oLH, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and eCG by in vitro and in vivo methods. Chimpanzee antiserum to eCG failed to cross-react with hCG, but antibody raised against oLH beta subunit effectively neutralized not only exogenously administered hCG but also endogenous pituitary LH and monkey (Macaca radiata) chorionic gonadotropin. Chimpanzee antiserum to oLH beta when administered early in pregnancy reduced progesterone levels and terminated gestation in bonnet monkeys. Our data suggest that active immunization of chimpanzee, an ape that is very close to human, with oLH beta subunit leads to production of antibodies that are likely to affect both normal cycle as well as pregnancy.
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Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to review the chemical and biological properties of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, PMSG) isolated from the serum. Comparisons are made with eCG isolated from endometrial cups, trophoblast cell culture medium, and low titer serum. The results show that eCG can vary, depending on the source, in both chemical and biological (LH and FSH activity) properties.
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Aggarwal BB, Papkoff H. Effects of histidine modification on the biological and immunological activities of equine chorionic gonadotropin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 202:121-5. [PMID: 6249214 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Christakos S, Bahl OP. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Purification and physicochemical, biological, and immunological characterization. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Moyle WR, Erickson G, Bahl OP, Christakos S, Gutowski J. Action of PMSG and asialo-PMSG on rat Leydig and granulosa cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 1978; 235:E218-26. [PMID: 210675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.2.e218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly purified pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was nearly as potent as ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) and human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) when bioassayed in vitro in systems known to respond primarily to LH or FSH. An analogue of human chorionic gonadotropin treated with neuraminidase, galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and mannosidase (hCG) inhibited the stimulatory effects of hCG, LH, and PMGS on cAMP accumulation in rat Leydig cells but did not inhibit the stimulatory effects of FSH or PMSG on cAMP accumulation in ovarian granulosa cells obtained from immature rats fed diethylstillbestrol. Thus PMSG appeared to form functional complexes with both LH and FSH receptors and may be unique among mammalian gonadotropins. Treatment of PMGS with neuraminidase increased its potency nearly tenfold in vitro apparently by increasing its affinity for both LH and FSH receptors. Although the kinetics of PMSG binding were not investigated with radiolabeled materials, indirect functional binding studies are described that suggest that hCG more rapidly forms stable hormone-receptor complexes than PMSG, asialo-PMSG, FSH, and LH when all hormones are incubated under the same conditions.
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Papkoff H, Bewley TA, Ramachandran J. Physicochemical and biological characterizations of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and its subunits. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 532:185-94. [PMID: 413583 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(78)90462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and its subunits have been further characterized. Ultracentrifugation of the gonadotropin at pH 1.3 and 11.5 showed little evidence of dissociation compared to pH 8.2. Highly purified subunits are obtained by urea dissociation and ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel-filtration. Circular dichroism spectra of the gonadotropin and its subunits are much like those of ovine lutropin and its subunits in that there is little evidence for secondary structure and one or more tyrosine residues are inaccessible in the intact gonadotropin compared to the subunits. The alpha-subunit possesses almost 3 times as much total carbohydrate as the beta-subunit; the individual sugar composition of each was determined as well as the amino acid composition. The alpha-subunit begins with the sequence NH2-Phe-Pro (Gly or Pro) ... and terminates with isoleucine. The beta-subunit has the sequence NH2-Ser-Pro-Gly ...; no C-terminal residue is detectable by either carboxypeptidase or hydrazinolysis. Biological studies show the gonadotropin to be active in assays specific for both lutropin and follitropin. Precipitin test in agar with rabbit antiserum against the gonadotropin show that the beta subunit cross-reacts whereas the alpha subunit does not.
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Farmer SW, Suyama A, Papkoff H. Effect of diverse mammalian and nonmammalian gonadotropins on isolated rat Leydig cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1977; 32:488-94. [PMID: 902982 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(77)90232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Papkoff H. Chemical and biological properties of the subunits of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 58:397-404. [PMID: 4407173 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yang WH, Papkoff H. Effect of desialylation on ovulation-inducing acitivity of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, ovine follicle-stimulating hormone, pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in the hamster. Fertil Steril 1973; 24:633-9. [PMID: 4736994 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)39857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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