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Jenkins CL, Lawrence SJ, Kennedy AI, Thurston P, Hodgson JA, Smart KA. Incidence and Formation of Petite Mutants in Lager Brewing YeastSaccharomyces Cerevisiae(Syn.S. Pastorianus) Populations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0212-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L. Jenkins
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J. Lawrence
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Pat Thurston
- Scottish & Newcastle UK Ltd., Royal Brewery, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeff A. Hodgson
- Scottish & Newcastle UK Ltd., John Smith's Brewery, Tadcaster, UK
| | - Katherine A. Smart
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
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Singh G, Batish M, Sharma P, Capalash N. Xenobiotics enhance laccase activity in alkali-tolerant γ-proteobacterium JB. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:26-30. [PMID: 24031313 PMCID: PMC3768491 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various genotoxic textile dyes, xenobiotics, substrates (10 µM) and agrochemicals (100 µg/ml) were tested for enhancement of alkalophilic laccase activity in γ-proteobacterium JB. Neutral Red, Indigo Carmine, Naphthol Base Bordears and Sulphast Ruby dyes increased the activity by 3.7, 2.7, 2.6 and 2.3 fold respectively. Xenobiotics/substrates like p-toluidine, 8-hydroxyquinoline and anthracine increased it by 3.4, 2.8 and 2.3 fold respectively. Atrazine and trycyclozole pesticides enhanced the activity by 1.95 and 1.5 fold respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Singh
- Department of Microbiology Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
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3
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Dhawan S, Lal R, Kuhad RC. Ethidium bromide stimulated hyper laccase production from bird's nest fungus Cyathus bulleri. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:64-7. [PMID: 12485345 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Effect of ethidium bromide, a DNA intercalating agent, on laccase production from Cyathus bulleri was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The bird's nest fungus, Cyathus bulleri was grown on 2% (w/v) malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with 1.5 microg ml(-1) of the phenanthridine dye ethidium bromide (EtBr) for 7 d and when grown subsequently in malt extract broth (MEB), produced a 4.2-fold increase in laccase production as compared to the untreated fungus. The fungal cultures following a single EtBr treatment, when regrown on MEA devoid of EtBr, produced a sixfold increase in laccase in MEB. However, on subsequent culturing on MEA in the absence of EtBr, only a 2.5-fold increase in laccase production could be maintained. In another attempt, the initial EtBr-treated cultures, when subjected to a second EtBr treatment (1.5 microg ml(-1)) on MEA for 7 d, produced a 1.4-fold increase in laccase production in MEB. CONCLUSIONS The white-rot fungus Cyathus bulleri, when treated with EtBr at a concentration of 1.5 microg ml(-1) and regrown on MEA devoid of EtBr, produced a sixfold increase in laccase production in MEB. SIGNIFICANCE AND THE IMPACT OF THE STUDY The variable form of C. bulleri capable of hyper laccase production can improve the economic feasibility of environmentally benign processes involving use of fungal laccases in cosmetics (including hair dyes), food and beverages, clinical diagnostics, pulp and paper industry, industrial effluent treatment, animal biotechnology and biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, University of Delhi, India
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Whittaker SG, Zimmermann FK, Dicus B, Piegorsch WW, Resnick MA, Fogel S. Detection of induced mitotic chromosome loss in Saccharomyces cerevisiae--an interlaboratory assessment of 12 chemicals. Mutat Res 1990; 241:225-42. [PMID: 2195333 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(90)90020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Induced mitotic chromosome loss was assayed using diploid yeast strain S. cerevisiae D61.M. The test relies upon the uncovering and expression of multiple recessive markers reflecting the presumptive loss of the chromosome VII homologue carrying the corresponding wild-type alleles. An interlaboratory study was performed in which 12 chemicals were tested under code in 2 laboratories. The results generated by the Berkeley and the Darmstadt laboratories were in close agreement. The solvents benzonitrile and methyl ethyl ketone induced significantly elevated chromosome loss levels. However, a treatment regime that included overnight storage at 0 degree C was required to optimize chromosome loss induction. Hence, these agents are postulated to induce chromosome loss via perturbation of microtubular assembly. Fumaronitrile yielded inconsistent results: induction of chromosome loss and respiratory deficiency was observed in both laboratories, but the response was much more pronounced in the Darmstadt trial than that observed in Berkeley. The mammalian carcinogens, benzene, acrylonitrile, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane failed to induce chromosome loss but elicited high levels of respiratory deficiency, reflecting anti-mitochondrial activity. Trifluralin, cyclophosphamide monohydrate, diazepam and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate failed to induce any detectable genetic effects. These data suggest that the D61.M system is a reproducible method for detecting induced chromosome loss in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Whittaker
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley
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5
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Iwamoto Y, Yanagihara Y, Yielding LW. PETITE INDUCTION IN YEAST, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BY PHOTOACTIVATION OF 3-A-ZIDO-6-A-MINO-10-M-ETHYLACRIDINIUM CHLORIDE. Photochem Photobiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb09505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Fayeulle JP. [Effects of the gas phase of cigarette smoke on the induction of the petite colony mitochondrial mutation by ethidium bromide in yeast]. Mutat Res 1985; 158:69-75. [PMID: 3900720 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(85)90099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The induction of the mitochondrial 'petite' mutation (rho-) in haploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by ethidium bromide is reduced or even abolished if cells are also treated with the gas phase of cigarette smoke. This is observed not only in the case of simultaneous treatments but also when the two drugs are applied in succession.
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7
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Bruce IJ, Wilkie D. Effect of aspirin on mitochondrial mutagens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1984; 194:299-302. [PMID: 6374378 DOI: 10.1007/bf00383531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial mutation petite was induced in yeast cells by ethidium bromide (EB), Adriamycin (ADR) and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO). In the presence of aspirin in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml, the mutagenicity of EB and ADR was reversed but petite induction by NQO was unaffected. At these concentrations, aspirin also reversed mitochondrial inhibition by oligomycin, a non-mutagenic inhibitor of the organellar ATPase complex. Cells grown in the presence of aspirin alone showed a significantly higher rate of oxygen uptake than untreated control cultures when the drug concentration ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/ml. At concentrations of 2 mg/ml and above, aspirin inhibited mitochondrial respiration.
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8
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Iwamoto Y, Yielding KL. Petite and sectored induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by propidium iodide: synergistic effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Mutat Res 1984; 126:145-51. [PMID: 6371501 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(84)90056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was examined for its effect on petite and sectored colony induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by propidium iodide (PI) and ethidium bromide (EB). 4-h cultivation with 100 microM PI and 100 micrograms/ml SDS resulted in virtually all plated cells growing as sectored colonies with no decrease in viability. Sectored colonies are mixed colonies comprised of respiratory deficient and competent cells believed to be derived from an unstable respiratory deficient cell. Further cultivation with PI and SDS prior to plating led to induction of complete petite colonies with a rapid decrease in viable cells. PI alone at this concentration exhibited weak induction of sectored colonies (maximum 12.3% at 8 h) and petite colonies (maximum 10.8% at 12 h), but SDS alone caused induction of neither. 50 microM PI had almost the same activity as 100 microM except for a delay in the induction of sectored colonies in the initial stage, and a decreased rate of petite colony induction. The effects of 20 microM PI and SDS were much lower than that by 50 microM and no inhibition of growth was observed. 10 microM PI was quite inactive even in the presence of SDS. Under resting conditions, 10 approximately 100 microM PI and 100 micrograms/ml SDS induced about 60% sectored colonies at 12 h incubation and more than 60% petite colonies at 24 h. After 6 h incubation, decrease in survival was also observed.
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9
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Fukunaga M, Yielding KL. Induction of petite "mutants" in an ethidium-resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by photoaffinity labeling. Distinction between early and late steps. Mutat Res 1981; 80:91-7. [PMID: 7010135 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(81)90179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MH41-7B/011) was resistant to petite induction by ethidium bromide at 30 degrees, but was sensitive to induction by photolabeling with ethidium monoazide. These results suggested a defect in the mutant in metabolic activation of ethidium to account for its resistance. Synchronized cultures of both the mutant and the normal parent strains showed a substantial reduction in petite response to photolabeling in stationary phase cells which could not be accounted for by changes in cell penetration of the drug. The use of photolabeling with normal and mutant cells suggested that petite induction can be divided into early and late steps.
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10
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Soslau G, Zavodny PJ. Control and virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells resistant to ethidium bromide. I. Characterization and the respiratory enzymes. J Cell Physiol 1980; 104:137-52. [PMID: 6251098 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines resistant to ethidium bromide have been developed from cultured mammalian BHK21/C13 cells and these same cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (C13/B4). Cells resistant to 2 micrograms ethidium bromide per milliliter have been cloned. One clone of the control and one of the virus-transformed cell lines has been employed for characterization. The resistant cells, in the presence of 2 micrograms ethidium bromide/ml, grow at approximately the same rate as the untreated parental cells. The control cells possess a "normal" karyotype (44 chromosomes), while the corresponding ethidium bromide mutant has a reduced chromosome number of 41 and a number of translocations. The mitochondria displayed morphological alterations compared to the parental lines during the transition phase prior to the isolation of the ethidium bromide-resistant cells. The mitochondria of the ethidium bromide-resistant mutants appear somewhat enlarged with a normal morphology. The effect of ethidium bromide on selected respiratory enzymes in normal and virus-transformed ethidium bromide-resistant baby hamster kidney cells was determined. Ethidium bromide-resistant cells exhibited a depressed level of cytochrome aa3. This depression could not be reversed by growth in ethidium bromide-free media. Ethidium bromide-resistant cells possessed the same cytochrome b, c, and c1 levels per cell as their corresponding parental lines. Purified mitochondria isolated from virus-transformed ethidium bromide-resistant cells exhibited a depression in cytochrome oxidase-specific activity, while the ethidium bromide-resistant control cells did not. All cell lines studied showed a depression in NADH-ferricyanide and NADH-cytochrome c reductase-specific activities relative to their parental BHK21/C13 cells. No increase was observed in virus-transformed ethidium bromide-resistant cells. Ethidium bromide-resistant control cells exhibited a two-fold increase in oligomycin-insensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity relative to their parental cells. All of the cell lines studied possessed equivalent oligomycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase-specific activity except for the virus-transformed, dye-resistant mutant, whose activity was increased.
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11
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Fukunaga M, Yielding LW, Firth WJ, Yielding KL. Petite induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by ethidium analogs: distinction between resting and growing cells. Mutat Res 1980; 78:151-7. [PMID: 6993943 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(80)90094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The importance of specific substituents, especially amino azide groups, for ethidium induction of petites was evaluated in resting and dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the study of a series of ethidium analogs. The structural requirements in resting and growing cells were found to be different, suggesting that at least two mechanisms are responsible for induction. The significance of particular substituents in the induction processes were recognized by: (1) a dependence upon the ethyl substituent at the ring nitrogen in both actively growing and in resting cells; and (2) the implication that amino substituents are important for the effect in dividing cells and especially in resting cells. Photolytic enhancement of petite induction (via a nitrene which forms a covalent linkage to a biological site) was observed for 3 of the azide analogs, which emphasizes the likelihood that metabolic activation of ethidium to a covalent complex is responsible for its effectiveness. Furthermore, these studies indicate that these monoazide analogs should be ideal probes for examining the mitochondrial mutagenic processes.
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12
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Wolf K, Del Giudice L. Effect of ethidium bromide on transmission of mitochondrial genomes and DNA synthesis in the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pomhe. Curr Genet 1980; 1:193-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00390943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/1980] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Fukunaga M, Yielding KL. Co-mutagenic effects of propidium on petite induction by ethidium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res 1980; 69:43-50. [PMID: 6987498 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(80)90174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Propidium, whose structure is closely related to ethidium bromide, induced a low level of petites in yeast, but only at high concentrations with long incubation time, and only in growth medium. When added to growing cells, propidium also caused a large increase in petite induction by ethidium even at submutagenic concentrations of ethidium. Incorporation of adenine into DNA was inhibited by propidium in mitochondria but not in nuclei. Propidium by itself had no effects on fragmentation of pre-existing DNA, but enhanced mitochondrial DNA degradation provoked by ethidium. The proportion of suppressive clones occurring among the petites from ethidium treatment was reduced by the presence of propidium. All of these results indicated that propidium treatment led to degradation of the mitochondrial DNA in petites induced by ethidium but not in native (intact) mitochondrial DNA, nor in spontaneous petite colonies. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of modulation of petite induction.
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Locker J, Lewin A, Rabinowitz M. The structure and organization of mitochondrial DNA from petite yeast. Plasmid 1979; 2:155-81. [PMID: 377320 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(79)90036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Fukunaga M, Yielding KL. Propidium: induction of petites and recovery from ethidium mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 84:501-7. [PMID: 363128 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Gardella RS, Macquillan AM. Ethidium bromide mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: modulation by growth medium components. Mutat Res 1977; 46:269-84. [PMID: 331106 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1161(77)90004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Meyer JZ, Whittaker PA. Respiratory repression and the stability of the mitochondrial genome. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 151:333-42. [PMID: 325379 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The variation in sensitivity of the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ethidium bromide-induced petite mutation in response to changes in glucose concentration has been studied. Growth in high glucose considerably depressed the mutation rate, whilst small variations are observed in response to step-up or step-down in glucose concentration. Variations in mitochondrial DNA and respiratory activity during the mutagenic process are described. Effects of non-metabolizable sugars which repress mitochondrial biogenesis and a number of antimitochondrial drugs have been investigated. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of modulation of the mutation rates.
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Nagley P, Sriprakash KS, Linnane AW. Structure, synthesis and genetics of yeast mitochondrial DNA. Adv Microb Physiol 1977; 16:157-277. [PMID: 343546 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Grimwood BG, Wagner RP. Direct action of ethidium bromide upon mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and morphology. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 176:43-52. [PMID: 135531 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Hall RM, Trembath MK, Linnane AW, Wheelis L, Criddle RS. Factors affecting petite induction and the recovery of respiratory competence in yeast cells exposed to ethidium bromide. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 144:253-62. [PMID: 775297 DOI: 10.1007/bf00341723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When growing cultures of S. cerevisiae are treated with high concentrations of ethidium bromide (greater than 50 mug/ml), three phases of petite induction may be observed: I. the majority of cells are rapidly converted to petite, II. subsequently a large proportion of cells recover the ability to form respiratory competent clones, and III. slow, irreversible conversion of all cells to petite. The extent of recovery of respiratory competence observed is dependent on the strain of S. cerevisiae employed and the temperature and the carbon source used in the growth medium. The effects of 100 mug/ml ethidium bromide are also produced by 10 mug/ml ethidium bromide in the presence of the detergent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and recovery is also observed when cells are treated with 10 mug/ml ethidium bromide under starvation conditions. Genetic analysis of strain differences indicates that a number of nuclear genes influence petite induction by ethidium bromide. In one strain, S288C, petite induction by 100 mug/ml ethidium bromide is extremely slow under certain conditions. Mitochondria isolated from from S288C lack the ethidium bromide stimulated nuclease activity found in D243-4A, a strain which shows triphasic kinetics of petite formation. This enzyme may, therefore, be responsible for the initial phase of rapid petite formation.
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Criddle RS, Wheelis L. Molecular and genetic events accompanying petite induction and recovery of respiratory competence induced by ethidium bromide. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 144:263-72. [PMID: 775298 DOI: 10.1007/bf00341724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of yeast cells with high levels of ethidium bromide causes a rapid induction of respiratory deficient mutants followed by a period of recovery to respiratory competence in 60 to 70% of the cells. Prolonged exposure then results in a final irreversible phase of petite formation. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of 3H-adenine labelled mtDNA indicates that limited fragmentation (to about 16-18S) occurs during the initial phase of petite induction followed by a reassembly of the fragments during the period corresponding to the recovery of respiratory competence. The reassembly is associated with an ethidium bromide insensitive incorporation of 3H-adenine into mtDNA at a level consistent with repair synthesis. Genetic analyses, based on the transmission of five markers carried on the mtDNA of "repaired rho+" clones, suggests that reassembly occurs with a high degree of fidelity, though in two of a total of twenty five clones differences in marker transmission frequency were observed which could possibly reflect an altered gene order. In addition, a description is given of the marked changes in the suppressive nature of the treated cells and the temporary reduction in the capacity for marker transmission seen to accompany the transitory fragmentation of the mtDNA. The final phase of petite induction is an energy dependent degradation of the mtDNA to produce a rho degrees culture.
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de Nobrega R, Mahler HR. Modulation of petite induction by low concentrations of ethidium bromide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 69:528-37. [PMID: 773378 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Phan SH, Mahler HR. Studies on cytochrome oxidase. Preliminary characterization of an enzyme containing only four subunits. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bandlow W, Schweyen RJ. On the mechanism of petite genesis in yeast. IV. Biochemical characterization of a conditional cytoplasmic mutant producing petites at restrictive temperature. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 67:1078-85. [PMID: 1106415 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Wheelis L, Trembath MK, Criddle RS. Petite induction and recovery in the presence of high levels of ethidium bromide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 65:838-45. [PMID: 1098663 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Bandlow W, Kaudewitz F. Action of ethidium bromide on mitochondrial DNA in the petite-negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 131:333-8. [PMID: 4612335 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Casey JW, Hsu HJ, Rabinowitz M, Getz GS, Fukuhara H. Transfer RNA genes in the mitochondrial DNA of cytoplasmic petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 1974; 88:717-33. [PMID: 4610157 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Moustacchi E. Cytoplasmic "petite" induction in recombination-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 1973; 115:805-9. [PMID: 4580568 PMCID: PMC246324 DOI: 10.1128/jb.115.3.805-809.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As compared to the original wild type, the induction of the cytoplasmic "petite" mutation by ultraviolet light and by the intercalating dye, ethidium bromide, is reduced in two mutants (rec4 and rec5) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These mutants are blocked in X rays or ultraviolet light-induced intragenic recombination. It then appears that the products of nuclear genes necessary for the completion of nuclear intragenic recombination events are also involved in steps of the metabolic chain which leads to the mitochondrial mutation, rho(-).
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Klietmann W, Sato N, Nass MM. Establishment and characterization of ethidium bromide resistance in simian virus 40-transformed hamster cells. Effects on mitochondria in vivo. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1973; 58:11-26. [PMID: 4353638 PMCID: PMC2109030 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.58.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the isolation and subsequent characterization of four mammalian cell lines resistant to ethidium bromide (EB). Treatment of the simian virus 40- (SV40) transformed hamster cell line F5-1 first led to the establishment of the F2 cell line, which is resistant to 2 microg EB/ml. At this concentration cytochromes c and b are present in almost normal or only slightly diminished amounts, whereas cytochromes a + a(3) show an obvious decrease. The mitochondria of the F2 cell show a normal ultrastructure, not distinct from the parental cell line F5-1, and contain closed circular DNA. The sensitive parental F5-1 cells, however, when exposed to the same dye concentration exhibit the typical EB-induced ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria, and no more component I mitochondrial DNA can be demonstrated. 1 yr after establishment we derived from the F2 cell three more cell lines, resistant against 4, 8, and 16 microg of EB/ml. These cell lines, termed F4, F8, and F16, respectively, also revealed relatively intact-appearing mitochondria, although distinguishable from F5-1 and F2 mitochondria by a more condensed or unorthodox cristae conformation. F4, F8, and F16 cell lines contained closed circular mitochondrial DNA in the same position as that of the parental F5-1 cells, when analyzed in an isopycnic CsCl-EB gradient. A small shoulder at the lower density side of the DNA I peaks was observed. The newly acquired drug resistance of the F cells is hereditarily transmitted to the progeny cells and retained even after a period of growth in EB-free medium.
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Mahler HR, Perlman PS. Induction of respiration deficient mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by berenil. I. Berenil, a novel, non-intercalating mutagen. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 121:285-94. [PMID: 4571802 DOI: 10.1007/bf00433228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Perlman PS, Mahler HR. Induction of respiration deficient mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by berenil. II. Characteristics of the process. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 121:295-306. [PMID: 4571803 DOI: 10.1007/bf00433229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mahler HR. Structural requirements for mitochondrial mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1973; 1:449-60. [PMID: 4592817 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400010602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bech-Hansen NT, Rank GH. Ethidium bromide resistance and petite induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND CYTOLOGY. JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GENETIQUE ET DE CYTOLOGIE 1972; 14:681-9. [PMID: 4569291 DOI: 10.1139/g72-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Six ethidium bromide (EB) resistant mutants were isolated and characterized. The resistance in three isolates was stable, nuclearly inherited and sensitive to glucose repression. Unstable EB dependent resistance was present in the other isolates. The mutants with stable and one of those with unstable EB resistance showed cross resistance to the cationic detergent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Both anaerobiosis and oligomycin inhibited EB induction of petites in the EB sensitive strain and in the EB-sensitized resistant strains. The observations are discussed in relationship to a mechanism of EB resistance and petite induction at the level of the mitochondrial membrane.
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Schenberg-Frascino A. Lethal and mutagenic effects of elevated temperature on haploid yeast. II. Recovery from thermolesions. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 117:239-53. [PMID: 4560517 DOI: 10.1007/bf00271651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Vidová M, Kovác L. Nalidixic acid prevents the induction of yeast cytoplasmic respiration-deficient mutants by intercalating drugs. FEBS Lett 1972; 22:347-351. [PMID: 11946634 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Vidová
- Psychiatric Hospital, Pezinok, Czechoslovakia
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Nass MM. Differential effects of ethidium bromide on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA synthesis in vivo in cultured mammalian cells. Exp Cell Res 1972; 72:211-22. [PMID: 4337144 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mahler HR, Perlman PS. Mitochondrial membranes and mutagnesis by ethidium bromide. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1972; 1:105-24. [PMID: 4569476 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mahler HR, Perlman PS. Effects of mutagenic treatment by ethidium bromide on cellular and mitochondrial phenotype. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 148:115-29. [PMID: 4333686 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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