1
|
Cervén E. A unifying model of the cell proliferation emphasizing plasma membrane fluxes. EXPERIENTIA 1990; 46:993-9. [PMID: 2146143 DOI: 10.1007/bf01940652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cellular growth and proliferation is perhaps the most investigated and elusive problem in cell biology and seems to be possible to solve from almost any angle of study chosen. Among the non-systemic factors that have been discussed are genetic damage, genomic control, regulation by stimulatory and inhibitory peptide factors such as EGF, chalones, and fibronectin, protein kinase activation with tyrosine phosphorylation, adenylylcyclase and cAMP, cGMP, membrane perturbations and specifically in tumours the failure of the Pasteur effect in control of glycolysis, excessive membrane ATPase activity, and excessive hydrolytic and proteolytic activities at the cell surface. This article focuses on the central role of fluxes within the plasma membrane and re-examines the possibility that changes of flux of metabolites, ions, and reducing equivalents may be the common denominator regulating cellular proliferation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Straus W, Keller JM. Binding sites for horseradish peroxidase on the cell surface. Suppression of binding by gangliosides and effects of some bivalent cations. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1987; 86:453-7. [PMID: 3583819 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytochemical reaction for surface-bound horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on cultured HeLa cells, GH3 cells, and isolated rat liver cells was suppressed by 30 microM monosialoganglioside, by 30 microM trisialoganglioside, or by 5 mM CMP-neuraminic acid. The reaction was also suppressed by 10 mM chitotriose or by 10 mM UDP-galactose, a galactose acceptor and donor, respectively, for galactosyl-transferase. The addition of 2 mM Mn2+ to the incubation medium with HRP suppressed the reaction for surface-bound HRP, and the addition of 10-20 mM Ca2+ intensified the reaction. The addition of 2 mM Zn2+ caused less inhibition than that of 2 mM Mn2+, and the addition of 2 mM Co2+ caused either a slight inhibition, or no inhibition. These observations support the hypothesis that HRP may be bound to a glycosyltransferase at the cell surface.
Collapse
|
3
|
Paietta E, Stockert RJ, Morell AG, Diehl V, Wiernik PH. Unique antigen of cultured Hodgkin's cells. A putative sialyltransferase. J Clin Invest 1986; 78:349-54. [PMID: 3734096 PMCID: PMC423549 DOI: 10.1172/jci112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin's disease-derived giant cell lines (HD-cells) express high levels of ectosialyltransferase activity presumed to be a galactose-specific lectin recognizing the desialylated 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine structure (X-hapten). Both the anti-X-hapten monoclonal antibody VIM-D5 and a polyclonal antiserum to another galactose-lectin, the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (HBP), recognize a 55,000-mol wt HD-cell protein (Paietta, E., R. J. Stockert, A. G. Morell, V. Diehl, and P. H. Weirnik. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:3451-3455.) That the expression of the 55,000-mol wt protein is restricted to HD-cells among X-hapten positive cells lines is confirmed in this study. The 55,000-mol wt protein is shown to be present on the cell surface and intracellularly, where an additional immunocrossreactive 150,000-mol wt protein is recognized. Extraction of the 55,000 mol wt protein from HD-cell lysates by affinity chromatography results in the loss of sialyltransferase activity. While evidence for a single protein possessing both the antigenic and the enzymatic activity is not direct, these results suggest that the ectosialyltransferase unique to HD-cells is a 55,000-mol wt membrane glycoprotein possessing the X-hapten oligosaccharide.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Treatment of cultured Hodgkin disease (HD) cells with neuraminidase results in decreased reactivity of monoclonal antibody VIM-D5 with its antigen, the X hapten, a fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine. The other feature characteristic of HD cells is the expression of high levels of ectosialyltransferase activity. We present evidence for a cause-effect relationship between these two findings in that VIM-D5 antigenicity can be restored on neuraminidase-treated HD cells by modulating transferase activity. This can be interpreted in terms of a lectin activity of the ectosialyltransferase that binds the X hapten's desialylated galactosyl residues, thereby preventing antigen recognition by VIM-D5 antibody. This proposed mechanism is indistinguishable from the autoinhibition phenomenon described for another galactophilic binding protein, the hepatic binding protein (HBP), which binds its own terminal galactosyl residues following neuraminidase treatment. We establish a close relationship between the HD galactophilic binding site and HBP in that antiserum to HBP (i) inhibits the neuraminidase-induced loss of VIM-D5 antigenicity, (ii) blocks the binding of asialoglycoprotein to hepatocytes after being absorbed by and eluted from HD cells, and (iii) recognizes a single HD protein, which in its high level of expression is unique to HD cells. The presence of lectin activity in its classic sense on the surface of HD cells is confirmed by the erythrocyte-agglutinating ability of these cells. This lectin activity, which appears to be related to an ectosialyltransferase on the surface of HD cells, may serve as a marker for the abnormal cells characteristic of HD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Previato JO, Andrade AF, Pessolani MC, Mendonça-Previato L. Incorporation of sialic acid into Trypanosoma cruzi macromolecules. A proposal for a new metabolic route. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1985; 16:85-96. [PMID: 2412116 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(85)90051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sialo- and asialoglycoconjugates were isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and their composition determined. Sialoglycoconjugates bound to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Sepharose and were precipitated by concanavalin A, Wistaria floribunda hemagglutinin and WGA. Asialoglycoconjugate bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose and precipitated with concanavalin-A and W. floribunda hemagglutinin but not with WGA. Cells grown in the presence of fetal calf serum were agglutinated by WGA but not by peanut agglutinin. The reverse was true for cells grown without fetal calf serum. Neuraminidase-treated cells incorporated sialic acid or its 7-carbon analog, 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-L-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (AcNeu7) from sialylated compounds such as fetuin or sialyl-lactose but did not incorporate free sialic acid. Restoration of the WGA sialylreceptors in neuraminidase-treated cells, as determined by cell agglutination with WGA, was also obtained by incubation with fetuin or sialyl-lactose but not with free sialic acid. Moreover, restoration of agglutinability by WGA in neuraminidase-treated cells or cells grown in medium without fetal calf serum occurred equally well in energy-rich or energy-depleted cells. A transglycosilase reaction for sialic acid incorporation in T. cruzi epimastigotes is suggested.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cervén E, Ronquist G. Sialyltransferase probing glycolytic energy metabolism in the plasma membrane. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1985; 72:86-8. [PMID: 3990825 DOI: 10.1007/bf00508138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
7
|
Gabius HJ, Engelhardt R, Cramer F. Endogenous lectins of bovine pancreas. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1984; 365:633-8. [PMID: 6479893 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1984.365.1.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography of salt and detergent extracts from bovine pancreas on glycosylated or glycoprotein-linked Sepharose 4B resulted in purification of different carbohydrate-binding proteins. Three species of proteins with molecular masses of 16 kDa, 35 kDa and 64 kDa exhibiting specificity for beta-galactosides, but none with preferential specificity for alpha-galactosides, were isolated from salt and detergent extracts. No Ca2+ was required for binding. Mannan-binding proteins of 37 kDa, 47 kDa and 94 kDa without Ca2+-requirement were only found in the salt extract. No other mannan-binding activity could be detected. Fucose-binding proteins of 34 kDa, 62 kDa and 70 kDa exhibiting Ca2+-requirement for binding were present in the salt extract and two proteins with 62 kDa and 70 kDa in detergent extract. The different fractions showed agglutination activity when assayed with rabbit erythrocytes. Thus they can be defined as lectins.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ivanov S, Antonova M, Gavazova E, Chelibonova-Lorer H. Multiple forms of chicken liver and hepatoma Mc-29 microsomal and plasma-membrane sialyl and fucosyltransferases. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 16:1307-11. [PMID: 6530016 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(84)90233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple forms of microsomal and plasma membrane sialyl and fucosyltransferases from chicken liver and transplantable hepatoma Mc-29 have been separated by means of isoelectric focusing. A net different pattern was distinguished between liver and hepatoma microsomal and plasma-membrane associated transferases. Microsomal sialyltransferase from hepatoma Mc-29 has typical forms with pI = 5.69, 7.43, 8.05 and 8.56, while in plasma membrane, enzymes with pI = 5.00 and 8.70 occur. The presence of 9 forms of fucosyltransferase within the pH range 3.46-9.57 for hepatoma microsomes and within pH 4.52-9.60 for plasma membranes was detected. Forms with pI 5.10, 5.75 and 7.87 could be considered specific for the hepatoma microsomal enzyme, and forms with pI 4.52, 4.85 and 5.20 for the plasma-membrane associated enzyme.
Collapse
|
9
|
Antonova M, Ivanov S, Gavazova E, Chelibonova-Lorer H. Comparative study on fucosylation of chicken liver and virus-induced hepatoma Mc-29. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 16:1313-9. [PMID: 6530017 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(84)90234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies on fucoprotein metabolism of chicken liver and hepatoma Mc-29 have been carried out and the following parameters were determined: the incorporation rate of [14C]fucose into hepatoma and liver total tissue homogenate, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions, acid-soluble nucleotide fraction and into plasma-membrane acid-precipitable fraction; the activity of microsomal and plasma-membrane fucosyltransferase; the electrophoretic pattern of hepatoma and liver plasma-membrane proteins and the incorporation of [14C]fucose into the glycoprotein fractions in both plasma-membrane preparations. It was found that the labelling of hepatoma tissue homogenate and plasma membranes was higher than that of the same liver preparations 3 hr after the [14C]fucose injection. This finding was supported by a considerably elevated hepatoma fucosyltransferase activity. The labelling rate of numerous fucoproteins from hepatoma plasma membranes was greatly increased and some of the individual glycoprotein bands were labelled to a higher extent compared with liver. The data presented show specific alterations of fucose and fucoprotein metabolism which could be considered as a characteristic feature of chicken viral-induced hepatoma Mc-29.
Collapse
|
10
|
Roff CF, Wang JL. Endogenous lectins from cultured cells. Isolation and characterization of carbohydrate-binding proteins from 3T3 fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
11
|
|
12
|
Sasaki T. Extensive radioactive labeling of glycolipids in cultured hamster fibroblasts by incubation of whole cells with UDP-[14C]glucose and UDP-[14C]galactose. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 666:418-25. [PMID: 7326252 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(81)90301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
NIL 2cl cells, a cloned hamster cell line, are known to have seven classes of neutral glycosphingolipids in addition to hematoside. In this paper, I examined the participation of cell surface glycosyltransferases in the glycolipid synthesis in NIL cells. The cells, harvested from culture bottles by the use of chelating agents of divalent cations, incorporated radioactive glucose and galactose from labeled UDPglucose and UDPgalactose into endogenous glycolipid acceptors to form all eight classes of glycosphingolipids and dolichyl phosphate glucose. The major part of the incorporation occurred by glycosyltransferase reactions from nucleotide sugars, as indicated by a slight inhibition of the incorporation observed in the presence of a large excess of sugars or sugar phosphates. Acid hydrolysis of the glycolipid products showed that 91.4% of the 14C label was in the galactose and glucose moieties of the glycolipids. Exogenously added lactosylceramide stimulated the synthesis of trihexosylceramide in the absence of detergents. Th results presented in this paper suggest that incubation of whole cells with an equilibrium mixture of radioactive UDPglucose and UDPgalactose is a useful radioactive labeling method to determine the glycolipid composition of a cultured cell.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gateau O, Morelis R, Louisot P. [Mitochondrial N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase connected with viral infection]. Biochimie 1980; 62:79-84. [PMID: 6244860 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(80)80373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A higher level of N-acetylglucosamine incorporation by proteinic and polyprenic endogenous acceptors is observed after infection by Myxovirus. This phenomenon occurs in whole mitochondria as in outer mitochondrial membranes, where it is particularly obvious with proteinic endogenous acceptors. Under viral infection, no new N-acetylglucosaminylated polyprenol is detected. In the case of infected animals as in the case of control animals, compounds P1 (extracted by chloroform/methanol 2:1) are identified by thin layer chromatography as a N-acetylglucosamyl-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol and a N, N'-diacetylchitobiosyl-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol. In the case of infected animals, biosynthesis of proteinic acceptors and dolichol is not modified; therefore the increase of N-acetylglucosamine incorporation is not due to a modification of the endogenous acceptors level. By the use of exogenous dolichol-monophosphate we demonstrate that the increased transfer of [14C] N-acetylglucosamine into polyprenic acceptors is the result of a higher activity of the mitochondrial N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase after viral infection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pierce M, Turley EA, Roth S. Cell surface glycosyltransferase activities. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1980; 65:1-47. [PMID: 6993404 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
15
|
Warren L, Buck CA, Tuszynski GP. Glycopeptide changes and malignant transformation. A possible role for carbohydrate in malignant behavior. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 516:97-127. [PMID: 361084 DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(78)90005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Maca RD, Hakes AD. Differences in sialyl transferase activity and in concanavalin-A agglutination between T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 81:1124-30. [PMID: 307385 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Biochemical Determinants of Cell Adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
18
|
Reutter W, Bauer C. Terminal sugars in glycoconjugates: metabolism of free and protein-bound L-fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and D-galactose in liver and Morris hepatomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 92:405-37. [PMID: 205106 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8852-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Maca RD, Hakes A. The effects of cytidine monophosphate on the regeneration of sialoproteins on the surface of cultured lymphoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 74:1660-6. [PMID: 843387 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)90635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
20
|
Bosmann HB. Cell surface enzymes: effects on mitotic activity and cell adhesion. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1977; 50:1-23. [PMID: 332654 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Experiments were performed to determine if animal cells in culture possess specific mechanisms to repair surface molecules damaged by enzymes. The surface membranes of a primary cell culture, chick fibroblasts, a permanent hamster cell line, BHK21/C13, and its virally transformed counterpart, C13/B4 were damaged by exposure to trypsin or to neuraminidase. Following digestion with trypsin, the incorporation of radioactive amino acids or sugars into purified surface membrane of cells was monitored. No differences were noted in rates of incorporation when control and trypsin-damaged cells were compared. Neuraminidase damage to the surface of BHK21/C13 and C13/B4 cells was evidenced by altered gel filtration profiles of surface glycopeptides, i.e., delayed elution because of reduction in size. By labelling cells with 14C-L-fucose prior to neuraminidase treatment and following the incorporation of 3H-L-fucose into cell surface glycopeptides after neuraminidase digestion, we were able to monitor the synthesis and turnover of fucose-containing glycopeptides in the same cells. Gel filtration profiles indicated that little or no desialylated glycoproteins were resialylated (repaired) by specific replacement of sialic acid. Comparing neuraminidase-digested and control cells we observed no difference in rates of 3H-L-fucose incorporation or of 14C-L-fucose loss from these cells; nor did we find differences in the rate of incorporation of isotopic glucosamine into sialic acid. Neuraminidase treatment failed to alter the rate of cell growth or the pattern of isotopic incorporation into various cell surface components. These results support the suggestion that return of sialic acid (repair) was effected by turnover which serves as a non-specific repair mechanism to replace damaged cell surface molecules (Warren and Glick '68; Warren, '69).
Collapse
|
22
|
Fishman PH, Moss J, Vaughan M. Uptake and metabolism of gangliosides in transformed mouse fibroblasts. Relationship of ganglioside structure to choleragen response. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
23
|
Struck DK, Lennarz WJ. Utilization of exogenous GDP-mannose for the synthesis of mannose-containing lipids and glycoproteins by oviduct cells. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
24
|
|
25
|
|
26
|
Keenan TW, Morré DJ. Glycosyltransferases: do they exist on the surface membrane of mammalian cells? FEBS Lett 1975; 55:8-13. [PMID: 1095425 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Sudo T, Onodera K. Response of cell surface glycosyl transferases to dibutyryl adenosine-3',5' cyclic monophosphate in virus-transformed and normal cells. Exp Cell Res 1975; 91:191-99. [PMID: 165943 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Cerv'en E, Ronquist G, Agren G. Demonstration of endogenous sialyltransferase on the surface of ehrlich tumour ascites cells. Ups J Med Sci 1975; 80:58-60. [PMID: 1170667 DOI: 10.3109/03009737509178992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
30
|
Webb GC, Roth S. Cell contact dependence of surface galactosyltransferase activity as a function of the cell cycle. J Cell Biol 1974; 63:796-805. [PMID: 4474177 PMCID: PMC2109368 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.63.3.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic, nonmalignant Balb/c 3T3 cells exhibit endogenous, surface galactosyltransferase activity that does not require intercellular contact throughout the assay period. In this respect, mitotic 3T3 cells resemble malignant Balb/c 3T12 cells which similarly show no contact requirement for optimum transferase activity in any phase of their cell cycle. Previously, it was shown that randomly growing populations of 3T3 cells have lower galactosyltransferase activity when assayed under conditions which decreased cell contact. This led to the conclusion that these normal (3T3) and malignant (3T12) cells differed in that intercellular contact is required for optimum activity of surface galactosyltransferases on the normal cell type. The present data indicate that mitotic 3T3 cells may be capable of expressing enzyme activities exhibited at all times by malignant cells. That is, mitotic 3T3 cells and randomly growing 3T12 cells may readily catalyze galactosyltransferase reactions between enzymes and acceptors on the same cell. Interphase 3T3 cells, on the other hand, might require that enzymes glycosylate acceptors on adjacent cells. A model is proposed that suggests that changes in the spatial arrangement of surface enzymes and acceptors or variations in the fluidity of the cell membrane can account for this contact-related glycosylation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hawtrey AO, Scott-Burden T, Robertson G. Inhibition of glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis in hamster embryo cells by cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea. Nature 1974; 252:58-60. [PMID: 4427681 DOI: 10.1038/252058a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
32
|
Saito M, Sato H, Ukita T. Sialyl transferase activities of rat ascites hepatoma cells and rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 362:549-57. [PMID: 4370370 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(74)90150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Yamada KM, Weston JA. Isolation of a major cell surface glycoprotein from fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:3492-6. [PMID: 4530317 PMCID: PMC433800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.9.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell surface component has been isolated in partially purified form from cultured chick embryo and chick heart fibroblasts. This glycoprotein is similar to a protein recently reported to be present at the surface of normal cells, and missing after neoplastic transformation. It is a major cell surface glycoprotein that is synthesized by cultured fibroblasts, but is not collagen. It is shown to be markedly trypsin-sensitive, and its recovery from the cell surface is dependent on cell density. It is excluded from Sephadex G-200, but is not rapidly sedimented by ultracentrifugation, and has an apparent molecular weight of 220,000. The isolation of this cell surface glycoprotein may now provide a means of determining its function.
Collapse
|
34
|
Deppert W, Werchau H, Walter G. Differentiation between intracellular and cell surface glycosyl transferases: galactosyl transferase activity in intact cells and in cell homogenate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:3068-72. [PMID: 4528509 PMCID: PMC388622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intact BHK (baby hamster kidney) cells catalyze the hydrolysis of UDP-galactose to free galactose. The generation of galactose from UDP-galactose and its intracellular utilization impede the detection of possible galactosyl transferases on the cell surface of intact cells. Several independent procedures have been used to distinguish between intracellular and cell surface glycosyl transferases. With these procedures, no evidence was obtained for the presence of detectable amounts of galactosyl transferase activity on the surface of BHK cells. The data suggest that galactosyl transferases do not play a general role in the phenomena of cell adhesion and contact inhibition.
Collapse
|
35
|
The Effect of Growth Conditions on NAD+ and NADH Concentrations and the NAD+:NADH Ratio in Normal and Transformed Fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
36
|
Patt LM, Grimes WJ. Cell Surface Glycolipid and Glycoprotein Glycosyltransferases of Normal and Transformed Cells. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
37
|
Bernacki RJ. Plasma membrane ectoglycosyltransferase activity of L1210 murine leukemic cells. J Cell Physiol 1974; 83:457-65. [PMID: 4363882 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040830317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
38
|
Abstract
Elevated levels of glycoprotein:sialyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.99.1; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase) were found in human malignant neoplastic tissues compared to normal, benign, and "preneoplastic" tissues. This increase was not due to the cell density of the tissue. Elevated levels of certain proteases and glycosidases were also found. The increase in transferase activity may be associated with altered membrane synthesis in the neoplastic state; changes in the activity of degradative enzymes may be associated with tumor invasiveness and maintenance of the neoplastic state. Measurements on human tumors are possibly more directly relevant to cancer than those described for transformed fibroblastic cells in vitro.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bosmann HB. Cell plasma membrane external surface glycosyltransferases: activity in the cell mitotic cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 339:438-41. [PMID: 4525547 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
40
|
Bataillon G. Sensitivity to guinea-pig serum of hamster cells transformed in vitro by two strains of the Rous sarcoma virus. Int J Cancer 1974; 13:9-15. [PMID: 4361919 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910130103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Bennett G, Leblond CP, Haddad A. Migration of glycoprotein from the Golgi apparatus to the surface of various cell types as shown by radioautography after labelled fucose injection into rats. J Cell Biol 1974; 60:258-84. [PMID: 4809242 PMCID: PMC2109130 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.60.1.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A single intravenous injection of L-[(3)H]fucose, a specific glycoprotein precursor, was given to young 35-45 g rats which were sacrificed at times varying between 2 min and 30 h later. Radioautography of over 50 cell types, including renewing and nonrenewing cells, was carried out for light and electron microscope study. At early time intervals (2-10 min after injection), light microscope radioautography showed a reaction over nearly all cells investigated in the form of a discrete clump of silver grains over the Golgi region. This reaction varied in intensity and duration from cell type to cell type. Electron microscope radioautographs of duodenal villus columnar cells and kidney proximal and distal tubule cells at early time intervals revealed that the silver grains were restricted to Golgi saccules. These observations are interpreted to mean that glycoproteins undergoing synthesis incorporate fucose in the saccules of the Golgi apparatus. Since fucose occurs as a terminal residue in the carbohydrate side chains of glycoproteins, the Golgi saccules would be the site of completion of synthesis of these side chains. At later time intervals, light and electron microscope radioautography demonstrated a decrease in the reaction intensity of the Golgi region, while reactions appeared over other parts of the cells: lysosomes, secretory material, and plasma membrane. The intensity of the reactions observed over the plasma membrane varied considerably in various cell types; furthermore the reactions were restricted to the apical surface in some types, but extended to the whole surface in others. Since the plasma membrane is covered by a "cell coat" composed of the carbohydrate-rich portions of membrane glycoproteins, it is concluded that newly formed glycoproteins, after acquiring fucose in the Golgi apparatus, migrate to the cell surface to contribute to the cell coat. This contribution implies turnover of cell coat glycoproteins, at least in nonrenewing cell types, such as those of kidney tubules. In the young cells of renewing populations, e.g. those of gastro-intestinal epithelia, the new glycoproteins seem to contribute to the growth as well as the turnover of the cell coat. The differences in reactivity among different cell types and cell surfaces imply considerable differences in the turnover rates of the cell coats.
Collapse
|
43
|
Roth S, Patteson A, White D. Surface glycosyltransferases on cultured mouse fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1974; 2:1-6. [PMID: 4369251 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
44
|
Bosmann HB, Case KR, Morgan HR. Surface biochemical changes accompanying primary infection with Rous sarcoma virus. I. Electrokinetic properties of cells and cell surface glycoprotein:glycosyl transferase activities. Exp Cell Res 1974; 83:15-24. [PMID: 4360091 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
45
|
Kirschbaum BB, Bosmann HB. The interaction of folic acid and glycoprotein glycosyltransferase activities of rat kidney. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 320:416-26. [PMID: 4127293 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(73)90323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
46
|
van Dijk W, Ferwerda W, van den Eijnden DH. Subcellular and regional distribution of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase in the calf kidney. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 315:162-75. [PMID: 4743899 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
47
|
Bosmann HB. Synthesis of glycoproteins in brain: identification, purification and properties of a synaptosomal sialyl transferase utilizing endogenous and exogenous acceptors. J Neurochem 1973; 20:1037-49. [PMID: 4633303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
48
|
Kirschbaum BB, Bosmann HB. Glycoprotein biosynthesis: folic acid effects on glycoprotein: glycosyl transferase activities of rat kidney and liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 50:510-6. [PMID: 4689063 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
49
|
Turner RS, Burger MM. The cell surface in cell interactions. ERGEBNISSE DER PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE UND EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKOLOGIE 1973; 68:121-55. [PMID: 4583340 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-06238-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
50
|
Bosmann HB. Sialyl transferase activity in normal and RNA- and DNA-virus transformed cells utilizing desialyzed, trypsinized cell plasma membrane external surface glycoproteins as exogenous acceptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 49:1256-62. [PMID: 4345673 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|