Enrichment and characterization of angiotensin II using affinity and high pressure liquid chromatography. Part I. Affinity purification and characterization of Ang II antiserum

Immunocytochemical and biochemical identification of angiotensin II in human nasal tissue

Angiotensin II (ANG II) was identified immunocytochemically and biochemically in biopsy samples of human nasal tissue. Staining for ANG II was predominantly found in structures similar to a string of pearls with consecutive short varicose areas, which is characteristic for neuronal tissue. The localization of ANG II in neurons was confirmed by positive staining of adjacent tissue sections with a specific antibody to neurofilament or doublestaining with both antibodies in one section. Likewise, ANG II-like material was also determined radioimmunologically in nasal tissue extracts. The concentrations of ANG II varied form 1.28 to 332.78 fmol/g wet tissue weight with an average concentration of 79.61+/-44.09 fmol ANG II/g wet tissue weight (mean+/-SEM, n=7). The ANG II-immunoreactive material was further characterized biochemically by HPLC on a reversed phase C(18) column in an acetonitrile and methanol gradient as Ile(5)-ANG II and ANG II metabolites such as Ile(4)-ANG III, Ile(3)-ANG II(3-8)hexapeptide and Ile(2)-ANG II(4-8)pentapeptide.

Anti-angiotensin antibodies cross-reactive with nonpeptide angiotensin antagonists as angiotensin receptor model

Anti-angiotensin II (Ang) antibodies could become important receptor mimicking tools if an antibody with binding properties identical to a particular Ang receptor could be generated. For this purpose, anti-Ang sera from mice were screened for antibodies with structure-affinity relationships similar or identical to a particular Ang receptor. Mice were immunized with BSA-coupled [Sar1]Ang and the sera were screened in ELISA for crossreactivity with the Ang analogues saralasin, L158,809, EXP 3147, DuP 753, DuP 532, PD 123177, PD 123319 and the non-related compounds ACTH, naloxone, and CP 96,345. All sera had at least some cross-reactivity with saralasin and some also with L158,809, a potent non-peptide Ang antagonist, selective for the AT1 site. One serum out of eight recognized most Ang analogues except the AT2 selective PD 123177 and PD 123319. ELISA detection antigens were prepared by two different BSA conjugations: [Sar1]Ang was N-terminally attached and [Sar1,Lys8]Ang was C-terminally attached. Against both detection antigens, the peptide antagonists saralasin and [Sar1,Phe(Br5)8]Ang displaced in a sigmoidal manner the antibodies with an IC50-value of 0.4 mM. L158,809 and EXP 3147 displaced also in a parallel manner, suggesting an apparently homogenous population of binding sites. The selectivity profile of the serum has some resemblance to the AT1 selectivity profile but the observed affinities are too low to suggest AT1 receptor mimicry.

Chromatographic methods for characterization of angiotensin in brain tissue

Ang II antiserum with high sensitivity and specificity was produced. The native Ang II antiserum was purified by affinity chromatography on Affi-Gel 102 with covalently coupled [Ile5]Ang II, and purified Ang II antiserum was covalently coupled to Affi-Gel 10. The column with the covalently coupled Ang II antiserum was used for the specific enrichment of Ang II from brain extracts. The efficiency and usefulness of affinity chromatography for the purification of Ang II from biological sources were tested with 125I-labeled, 3H-labeled, and synthetic [Ile5]Ang II added to rat brains prior to extraction. In addition, the methodology was used for the purification of endogenous Ang II from pig brain. The described three-step procedure for the isolation and purification of Ang II including extraction, affinity chromatography, and HPLC is rapid and highly specific with high loading capacity. We have applied the method to the peptide Ang II in brain, but the methodology may also be used in general for the rapid purification of other neuropeptides. A combination of HPLC with specific radioimmunoassays for Ang I and Ang II was utilized to demonstrate that rat brain cells in culture devoid of the influence of the peripheral RAS were able to synthesize radioactively labeled Ang I and Ang II after incubation with [3H]isoleucine. And, finally, an HPLC system capable of separating Ang I, Ang II, and its metabolites was used to obtain insight into the degradation pattern of angiotensin peptides in the brain. Aminopeptidases appear to be the major angiotensin-degrading enzymes, and endopeptidases do not appear to be involved.

Biosynthesis of angiotensinogen and angiotensins by brain cells in primary culture

This study focuses on the ability of primary rat brain cells in culture to synthesize angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II. HPLC in combination with radioimmunoassay was used to characterize these compounds. Following incubation with 3H-labeled isoleucine, radioactively labeled angiotensinogen with an approximate molecular weight of 25,000 was identified in both glial and neuronal cells. Other molecular weight forms of angiotensinogen with molecular weights of about 300 and 160,000 were present in both cell types. In addition to angiotensinogen, radioactively labeled angiotensin I and angiotensin II were also synthesized by neuronal and glial cells. These results suggest that glial and neuronal cells can synthesize angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II in a similar manner shown for the peripheral renin angiotensin system.

Presence of renin in primary neuronal and glial cells from rat brain

Immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques have been utilized in the present study to characterize renin in brain cell cultures. With the use of renin-specific antibody, positive renin staining was seen in neuronal and in astrocytic glial cells using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Renin concentration was pH-dependent with highest concentrations at 5.5, decreasing from pH 6.0 to 6.5. At pH 7.4 no renin was detectable in either glial or neuronal cells. The contribution of cathepsin D to the measured renin was about 10% at pH 5.5; 7% at pH 6.0 and 3% at pH 6.5. Comparison of glial with neuronal cells from WKY rats revealed significantly elevated renin at pH 5.5 in glial cells. No difference was seen between glial and neuronal renin levels in WKY rats at pH 6.0 and 6.5. At pH 5.5 and 6.0 renin was significantly increased in neuronal cells of SHR compared to WKY, whereas at pH 6.5 no difference was observed. The renin concentration in cells kept for 2 days in serum-free medium did not differ from those measured in cells kept in serum-containing medium. The generated peptide was identified as [Ile5]Angiotensin I on reversed-phase HPLC.

Immunochemical characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from different species of Lepidoptera

Cross-immunoreactivity of juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) from different species was tested using anti-JHE (Trichoplusia ni) (Noctuidae) polyclonal antibody. Partial cross-reactivity was observed between JHE from Hyphantria cunea, Isia isabella (Arctuidae) and Spodoptera exigua (Noctuidae) in immunoblot analysis. Soluble antigen-antibody complex formation was observed between anti-JHE (T. ni) and antigen(s) from Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae) during immunotitration of antigen(s). Using an ELISA method the highest cross-reactivity was observed for both species from Arctuidae and lower cross-reactivity for antigen(s) from H. virescens.

Isolation and purification of angiotensin II using affinity and high-pressure liquid chromatography

Peptides have been found in a variety of tissues including brain. To purify the peptide angiotensin II, a three-step method for the isolation and purification has been developed using extraction, affinity chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Angiotensin II antiserum purified by affinity chromatography was covalently coupled to Affi-gel 10 (Affi-gel 10-AB). The efficiency and usefulness of this column for the purification of angiotensin II from biological sources were tested with 125I- and 3H-labeled (Ile5)-angiotensin II added to rat brains prior to extraction. After extraction, the recoveries for both peptides were 74 and 75%, respectively. Recovery after the purification on Affi-gel 10-AB was 84 and 82%. Thirty-two percent of the radioactivity was not retained and 50% of the radioactivity could be eluted with 0.1 M Na citrate buffer containing 1 M NaCl using a stepwise pH gradient. Characterization by HPLC of the unretained radioactivity from the Affi-gel 10-AB column showed one peak for [125I]angiotensin II, coeluting with the [125I]angiotensin II standard and two minor peaks. Only 30% of unretained [3H]angiotensin II could be identified as intact [3H]angiotensin II on HPLC. Both [125I]angiotensin II and [3H]angiotensin II elutable at pH 5.0 and 4.0 on Affi-gel 10-AB could be demonstrated as highly purified [125I]angiotensin II and [3H]angiotensin II on HPLC with a purity of more than 90%. On HPLC, the recovery was 81% for [125I]angiotensin II and 99% for [3H]angiotensin II. The recovery for the entire three-step procedure was about 60%. The loading capacity of the Affi-gel 10-AB column for (Ile5)-angiotensin II was 550 ng.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)