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Konoura K, Fujii H, Imaide S, Gouda H, Hirayama S, Hirono S, Nagase H. Transformation of naltrexone into mesembrane and investigation of the binding properties of its intermediate derivatives to opioid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:439-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Fujikawa Y, Morisaki F, Ogura A, Morohashi K, Enya S, Niwa R, Goto S, Kojima H, Okabe T, Nagano T, Inoue H. A practical fluorogenic substrate for high-throughput screening of glutathione S-transferase inhibitors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11459-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein 3,4-DNADCF, a pH less sensitive new fluorogenic substrate, for high-throughput screening of GST inhibitors.
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Zhang Y, Yu L, Cai W, Fan S, Feng L, Ji G, Huang C. Protopanaxatriol, a novel PPARγ antagonist from Panax ginseng, alleviates steatosis in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7375. [PMID: 25487878 PMCID: PMC4260220 DOI: 10.1038/srep07375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent worldwide, and is highly associated with metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and steatosis. Ginseng has been used as food and traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms how ginseng and its components participate in the regulation of lipogenesis are still largely unclear. Here, we identified that protopanaxatriol (PPT), a major ginseng constituent, inhibited rosiglitazone-supported adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by repressing the expression of lipogenesis-related gene expression. In high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, PPT reduced body weight and serum lipid levels, improved insulin resistance, as well as morphology and lipid accumulation, particular macrovesicular steatosis, in the livers. These effects were confirmed with genetically obese ob/ob mice. A reporter gene assay showed that PPT specifically inhibited the transactivity of PPARγ, but not PPAR α, β/δ and LXR α, β. TR-FRET assay revealed that PPT was specifically bound to PPARγ LBD, which was further confirmed by the molecular docking study. Our data demonstrate that PPT is a novel PPARγ antagonist. The inhibition of PPARγ activity could be a promising therapy for obesity and steatosis. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wujie Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institutes of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Nemoto T, Ida Y, Iihara Y, Nakajima R, Hirayama S, Iwai T, Fujii H, Nagase H. The most effective influence of 17-(3-ethoxypropyl) substituent on the binding affinity and the agonistic activity in KNT-127 derivatives, δ opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7628-47. [PMID: 24262888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structure-activity relationship of KNT-127 (opioid δ agonist) derivatives with various 17-substituents which are different in length and size. The 17-substituent in KNT-127 derivatives exerted a great influence on the affinity and agonistic activity for the δ receptor. While the compounds with electron-donating 17-substituents showed higher affinities for the δ receptor than those with electron-withdrawing groups, KNT-127 derivatives with 17-fluoroalkyl groups (the high electron-withdrawing groups) showed high selectivities for the δ receptor among evaluated compounds. In addition, the basicity of nitrogen as well as the structure of the 17-N substituent such as the length and configuration at an asymmetric carbon atom contributed to agonist properties for the δ receptor. Thus, the analog with a 17-(3-ethoxypropyl) group showed the best selectively and potent agonistic activity for the δ receptor among KNT-127 derivatives. These findings should be useful for designing novel δ selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nemoto
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Watanabe Y, Kitazawa S, Nemoto T, Hirayama S, Iwai T, Fujii H, Nagase H. Design and synthesis of novel opioid ligands with an azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane skeleton having a 7-amide side chain and their pharmacologies. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3032-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Interaction of synthetic peptide octarphin with human blood lymphocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:309-13. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis of quinolinomorphinan derivatives as highly selective δ opioid receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5810-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Watanabe H, Ono M, Haratake M, Kobashi N, Saji H, Nakayama M. Synthesis and characterization of novel phenylindoles as potential probes for imaging of β-amyloid plaques in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4740-6. [PMID: 20605471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a novel series of phenylindole (PI) derivatives and evaluated their biological activities as probes for imaging Aβ plaques in vivo. The affinity for Aβ plaques was assessed by an in vitro-binding assay using pre-formed synthetic Aβ aggregates. 2-phenyl-1H-indole (2-PI) derivatives showed high affinity for Aβ42 aggregates with K(i) values ranging from 4 to 32 nM. 2-PI derivatives clearly stained Aβ plaques in an animal model of AD. In biodistribution experiments using normal mice, 2-PI derivatives displayed sufficient uptake for imaging, ranging from 1.1% to 2.6% ID/g. Although additional modifications are necessary to improve uptake by and clearance from the brain, 2-PI derivatives may be useful as a backbone structure to develop novel Aβ imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Hanus L, Abu-Lafi S, Fride E, Breuer A, Vogel Z, Shalev DE, Kustanovich I, Mechoulam R. 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether, an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:3662-5. [PMID: 11259648 PMCID: PMC31108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.061029898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of endogenous cannabinoid-receptor agonists have been identified thus far. They are the ethanolamides of polyunsaturated fatty acids--arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide) is the best known compound in the amide series--and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, the only known endocannabinoid in the ester series. We report now an example of a third, ether-type endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), isolated from porcine brain. The structure of noladin ether was determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and was confirmed by comparison with a synthetic sample. It binds to the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor (K(i) = 21.2 +/- 0.5 nM) and causes sedation, hypothermia, intestinal immobility, and mild antinociception in mice. It binds weakly to the CB(2) receptor (K(i) > 3 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hanus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Hebrew University Medical Faculty, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Hormone activity of a synthetic decapeptide with the adrenocorticotropin-like sequence of human immunoglobulin G1. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02758858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Holley AE, Frater Y, Gibbs AH, De Matteis F, Lamb JH, Farmer PB, Naylor S. Isolation of two N-monosubstituted protoporphyrins, bearing either the whole drug or a methyl group on the pyrrole nitrogen atom, from liver of mice given griseofulvin. Biochem J 1991; 274 ( Pt 3):843-8. [PMID: 2012610 PMCID: PMC1149987 DOI: 10.1042/bj2740843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. A hepatic green pigment with inhibitory properties towards the enzyme ferrochelatase has been isolated from the liver of mice treated with griseofulvin and identified as N-methylprotoporphyrin. 2. All four structural isomers of N-methylprotoporphyrin have been demonstrated to be present, NA, where ring A of protoporphyrin IX is N-methylated, being the predominant isomer. 3. In addition to N-methylprotoporphyrin, a second green pigment, present in far greater amounts, was also isolated from the liver of griseofulvin-treated mice. This second green pigment is also an N-monosubstituted protoporphyrin, but in this case the substituent on the pyrrole nitrogen atom appears to be intact griseofulvin rather than a methyl group. 4. The fragmentation of this adduct in tandem m.s. studies suggests that griseofulvin is bound to the pyrrole nitrogen through one of its carbon atoms and further suggests that N-methylprotoporphyrin may arise as a secondary product from the major griseofulvin pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Holley
- Biochemical Mechanisms Section, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, U.K
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Abstract
Griseofulvin (GF) is a mycotoxin produced by various species of Penicillium including P. griseofulvum Dierckx, P. janczewski (P. nigricans) and P. patulum. It is active against dermatophytic fungi of different species in the genera Microsporum, Trychophyton and Epidermophyton. Because of its capacity to concentrate in the keratinous layer of the epidermis and its relatively low toxicity in man, it has been extensively used in the therapy of dermatophytoses by oral administration. The biological activity of GF towards fungi is manifested as nuclear and mitotic abnormalities followed by distortions in the hyphal morphology. Mitotic segregation is also induced in fungi by GF treatment. In higher eukaryotes the cytostatic action of GF is essentially due to a mitotic arrest at late metaphase/early anaphase. The cytological effects observable both in vivo and in vitro on different plant and animal cell systems, include C-mitoses, multipolar mitoses and multinuclearity. Prolonged GF treatment in experimental animals provokes biochemical changes consisting mainly of disturbances of porphyrin metabolism, variation in the microsomal cytochrome levels and formation of Mallory bodies. In mice these alterations are followed by the development of multiple hepatomas. Evidence of tumor induction by GF has been obtained in mice and rats, but not in hamsters. GF may also act either as a promoting or a co-carcinogenic agent, depending on the circumstances of its administration. It has been found to increase the frequency of cell transformation induced by polyoma virus, but not to induce cell transformation per se. Induction of sperm abnormalities has been observed in GF-treated mice. The embryotoxic and teratogenic action of GF has been demonstrated in pregnant rats exposed during organogenesis. Genetic effects of GF have been investigated by the following tests: Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, point mutations in mammalian and plant cells, DNA damage and repair, SCE, chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, dominant lethals, aneuploidy in lower and higher eukaryotes. A positive response has been obtained in the assays on numerical chromosome changes in all the systems analyzed; limited or inconclusive evidence has been obtained for SCE and structural chromosome changes. Doubled or highly polyploid sets can be detected in all types of cells during or immediately after GF treatment. A marked increase in chromosome number variation is observed at various times after withdrawal of the drug, with prevailing hyperdiploid and reduced sets in animal cells and plant cells respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Carli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia A. Buzzati-Traverso, Universitá di Pavia, Italy
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Aguilar JS, Ochoa EL, De Robertis E. Reconstitution of solubilized atrial cholinergic muscarinic receptors in liposomes. Neurochem Res 1987; 12:83-91. [PMID: 3574589 DOI: 10.1007/bf00971369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The reconstitution of solubilized bovine atrial cholinergic muscarinic receptor into liposomes made of exogenous lipids has been achieved by polyethyleneglycol precipitation. Of the different lipid mixtures used, soybean lecithins were shown to be the best on the basis of receptor recovery. The receptor reconstituted into soybean lecithins liposomes exhibited ligand binding properties very similar to those of the native receptor. The dissociation constant of [3H]-N-methyl-scopolamine ([3H]NMS) was 0.46 and 0.30 nM as determined by equilibrium and kinetics experiments respectively. The potency of a range of muscarinic ligands in displacing [3H]NMS binding was atropine greater than methyl-atropine greater than scopolamine greater than pirenzepine oxotremorine greater than gallamine greater than carbamylcholine greater than pilocarpine bethanechol. The Hill slopes of the displacement curves were near 1 for the antagonists and smaller than 1 for the agonists and for gallamine. The agonist binding may be modulated by guanine nucleotides. These results indicate that soybean lecithins fulfill the lipid requirements for the reconstitution of the atrial muscarinic receptor.
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Leslie FM, Tso S, Hurlbut DE. Differential appearance of opiate receptor subtypes in neonatal rat brain. Life Sci 1982; 31:1393-6. [PMID: 6292634 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Denk H, Eckerstorfer R, Talcott RE, Schenkman JB. Alteration of hepatic microsomal enzymes by griseofulvin treatment of mice. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:1125-30. [PMID: 19022 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lin C, Symchowicz S. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of griseofulvin in man and animals. Drug Metab Rev 1975; 4:75-95. [PMID: 1106976 DOI: 10.3109/03602537508993749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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De Matteis F, Gibbs AH. Stimulation of the pathway of porphyrin synthesis in the liver of rats and mice by griseofulvin, 3,5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine and related drugs: evidence for two basically different mechanisms. Biochem J 1975; 146:285-7. [PMID: 1147902 PMCID: PMC1165300 DOI: 10.1042/bj1460285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Griseofulvin and isogriseofulvin cause, like 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine, a fall in the activity of the hepatic enzyme porphyrin-metal chelatase and accumulation of protoporphyrin in the liver. Analogues of either griseofulvin or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine which do not decrease the chelatase activity are not porphyrogenic on their own, but can potentiate the porphyria caused by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine. This suggests the existence of two basically different mechanisms by which drugs stimulate the pathway of porphyrin synthesis in the liver.
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