1
|
Jockheck-Clark AR, Lemon DJ, Hargreaves KM, McMahon RE, Salamone JC, Stahl JM, Hwang YY. Development and characterization of a novel reverse microemulsion analgesic delivery system capable of reducing post-burn mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
2
|
Jeong H, Kim S, Lee J, Park JY, Zhou W, Liu X, Kim SD, Song YS, Jang CY, Oh SR, Choi S, Chang M. Characterization of Phase I and Phase II Hepatic Metabolism and Reactive Intermediates of Larrea nitida Cav. and Its Lignan Compounds. Phytother Res 2016; 31:140-151. [PMID: 28058783 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Larrea nitida Cav. (LNC), which belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, is widely indigenous and used in South America to treat various pathological conditions. It contains the antioxidant and antiinflammatory but toxic nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as well as O-methylated metabolite of NDGA (MNDGA) as bioactive compounds. The hepatic metabolism-based toxicological potential of extracts of LNC (LNE), NDGA, and MNDGA has not previously been reported. The present study aimed to characterize the phase I and phase II hepatic metabolism and reactive intermediates of LNE, NDGA, and MNDGA and their effects on the major drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro and ex vivo. A methanol extract of LNC collected from Chile as well as NDGA and MNDGA isolated from LNE were subjected to metabolic stability assays in liver microsomes in the presence of the cofactors reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and/or uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition assays were performed using CYP isozyme-specific model substrates to examine the inhibitory activities of LNE, NDGA, and MNDGA, which were expressed as % inhibition and IC50 values. Ex vivo CYP induction potential was investigated in the liver microsomes prepared from the rats intraperitoneally administered with LNE. Glutathione (GSH) adduct formation was monitored by LC-MS3 analysis of the microsomal incubation samples with either NDGA or MNDGA and an excess of GSH to determine the formation of electrophilic reactive intermediates. Both NDGA and MNDGA were stable to NADPH-dependent phase I metabolism, but labile to glucuronide conjugation. LNE, NDGA, and MNDGA showed significant inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and/or 3A4, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. LNE was found to be a CYP1A2 inducer in ex vivo rat experiments, and mono- and di-GSH adducts of both NDGA and MNDGA were identified by LC-MS3 analysis. Our study suggests that hepatic clearance is the major elimination route for the lignans NDGA and MNDGA present in LNE. These lignans may possess the ability to modify biomacromolecules via producing reactive intermediates. In addition, LNE, NDGA, and MNDGA are found to be inhibitors for various CYP isozymes such as CYP2C9 and 3A4. Thus, the consumption of LNC as an herbal preparation or NDGA may cause metabolism-driven herb-drug interactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoo Jeong
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Soolin Kim
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Wenmei Zhou
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - So Dam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, 363-883, Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, 363-883, Korea
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Chungparo 47-gil, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asiamah I, Hodgson HL, Maloney K, Allen KJH, Krol ES. Ring substitution influences oxidative cyclisation and reactive metabolite formation of nordihydroguaiaretic acid analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7007-14. [PMID: 26439661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural polyphenol with a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. However, its usefulness is hindered by the lack of understanding of its pharmacological and toxicological pathways. Previously we showed that oxidative cyclisation of NDGA at physiological pH forms a dibenzocyclooctadiene that may have therapeutic benefits whilst oxidation to an ortho-quinone likely mediates toxicological properties. NDGA analogues with higher propensity to cyclise under physiologically relevant conditions might have pharmacological implications, which motivated this study. We synthesized a series of NDGA analogues which were designed to investigate the structural features which influence the intramolecular cyclisation process and help to understand the mechanism of NDGA's autoxidative conversion to a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan. We determined the ability of the NDGA analogues investigated to form dibenzocyclooctadienes and evaluated the oxidative stability at pH 7.4 of the analogues and the stability of any dibenzocyclooctadienes formed from the NDGA analogues. We found among our group of analogues the catechols were less stable than phenols, a single catechol-substituted ring is insufficient to form a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, and only compounds possessing a di-catechol could form dibenzocyclooctadienes. This suggests that quinone formation may not be necessary for cyclisation to occur and the intramolecular cyclisation likely involves a radical-mediated rather than an electrophilic substitution process. We also determined that the catechol dibenzocyclooctadienes autoxidised at comparable rates to the parent catechol. This suggests that assigning in vitro biological activity to the NDGA dibenzocyclooctadiene is premature and requires additional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Asiamah
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Heather L Hodgson
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Katherine Maloney
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kevin J H Allen
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ed S Krol
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Billinsky JL, Krol ES. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid autoxidation produces a schisandrin-like dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1612-1615. [PMID: 18672930 DOI: 10.1021/np8001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The lignan meso-nordihydroguaiaretic acid is known to undergo spontaneous oxidation in alkaline solution. In the presence of the trapping agent glutathione, the major oxidation products are consistent with the formation of a meso-nordihydroguaiaretic acid ortho-quinone. In the absence of a trapping agent however, the major oxidation product of meso-nordihydroguaiaretic acid in aqueous solution is a unique, stable schisandrin-like dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan that may be responsible for some of the biological effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid.
Collapse
|