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Jaramillo C, Ferguson E, Odisio E, Ocazionez D. High-density pulmonary lesions: Review in chest imaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024:S0363-0188(24)00117-8. [PMID: 39019711 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
High-density pulmonary lesions are frequently seen in chest imaging, and it is important to identify their different causes. Radiologists must be able to distinguish between common and rare conditions in order to provide the best diagnosis and treatment. This article provides an overview of the various causes and imaging features of high-density lesions in the lungs. The lesions are classified into various categories, such as pulmonary nodules, inflammatory conditions, deposition diseases, contrast-related lesions, and thoracic devices. A clear understanding of these categories can help radiologists accurately diagnose and manage high-density pulmonary lesions encountered in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Jaramillo
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030.
| | - Emma Ferguson
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Erika Odisio
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Daniel Ocazionez
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030
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2
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LaLone V, Aizenshtadt A, Goertz J, Skottvoll FS, Mota MB, You J, Zhao X, Berg HE, Stokowiec J, Yu M, Schwendeman A, Scholz H, Wilson SR, Krauss S, Stevens MM. Quantitative chemometric phenotyping of three-dimensional liver organoids by Raman spectral imaging. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100440. [PMID: 37159662 PMCID: PMC10162950 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Confocal Raman spectral imaging (RSI) enables high-content, label-free visualization of a wide range of molecules in biological specimens without sample preparation. However, reliable quantification of the deconvoluted spectra is needed. Here we develop an integrated bioanalytical methodology, qRamanomics, to qualify RSI as a tissue phantom calibrated tool for quantitative spatial chemotyping of major classes of biomolecules. Next, we apply qRamanomics to fixed 3D liver organoids generated from stem-cell-derived or primary hepatocytes to assess specimen variation and maturity. We then demonstrate the utility of qRamanomics for identifying biomolecular response signatures from a panel of liver-altering drugs, probing drug-induced compositional changes in 3D organoids followed by in situ monitoring of drug metabolism and accumulation. Quantitative chemometric phenotyping constitutes an important step in developing quantitative label-free interrogation of 3D biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon LaLone
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - John Goertz
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Frøydis Sved Skottvoll
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Barbero Mota
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Junji You
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Henriette Engen Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven Ray Wilson
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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3
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An Expandable Mechanopharmaceutical Device (3): a Versatile Raman Spectral Cytometry Approach to Study the Drug Cargo Capacity of Individual Macrophages. Pharm Res 2018; 36:2. [PMID: 30402713 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve cytometric phenotyping abilities and better understand cell populations with high interindividual variability, a novel Raman-based microanalysis was developed to characterize macrophages on the basis of chemical composition, specifically to measure and characterize intracellular drug distribution and phase separation in relation to endogenous cellular biomolecules. METHODS The microanalysis was developed for the commercially-available WiTec alpha300R confocal Raman microscope. Alveolar macrophages were isolated and incubated in the presence of pharmaceutical compounds nilotinib, chloroquine, or etravirine. A Raman data processing algorithm was specifically developed to acquire the Raman signals emitted from single-cells and calculate the signal contributions from each of the major molecular components present in cell samples. RESULTS Our methodology enabled analysis of the most abundant biochemicals present in typical eukaryotic cells and clearly identified "foamy" lipid-laden macrophages throughout cell populations, indicating feasibility for cellular lipid content analysis in the context of different diseases. Single-cell imaging revealed differences in intracellular distribution behavior for each drug; nilotinib underwent phase separation and self-aggregation while chloroquine and etravirine accumulated primarily via lipid partitioning. CONCLUSIONS This methodology establishes a versatile cytometric analysis of drug cargo loading in macrophages requiring small numbers of cells with foreseeable applications in toxicology, disease pathology, and drug discovery.
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Jiang H, Passarelli MK, Munro PMG, Kilburn MR, West A, Dollery CT, Gilmore IS, Rakowska PD. High-resolution sub-cellular imaging by correlative NanoSIMS and electron microscopy of amiodarone internalisation by lung macrophages as evidence for drug-induced phospholipidosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1506-1509. [PMID: 28085162 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Correlative NanoSIMS and EM imaging of amiodarone-treated macrophages shows the internalisation of the drug at a sub-cellular level and reveals its accumulation within the lysosomes, providing direct evidence for amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis. Chemical fixation using tannic acid effectively seals cellular membranes aiding intracellular retention of diffusible drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Melissa K Passarelli
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Peter M G Munro
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Matt R Kilburn
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Andrew West
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Colin T Dollery
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Paulina D Rakowska
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
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5
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Newman CF, Havelund R, Passarelli MK, Marshall PS, Francis I, West A, Alexander MR, Gilmore IS, Dollery CT. Intracellular Drug Uptake-A Comparison of Single Cell Measurements Using ToF-SIMS Imaging and Quantification from Cell Populations with LC/MS/MS. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11944-11953. [PMID: 29039651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ToF-SIMS is a label-free imaging method that has been shown to enable imaging of amiodarone in single rat macrophage (NR8383) cells. In this study, we show that the method extends to three other cell lines relevant to drug discovery: human embryonic kidney (HEK293), cervical cancer (HeLa), and liver cancer (HepG2). There is significant interest in the variation of drug uptake at the single cell level, and we use ToF-SIMS to show that there is great diversity between individual cells and when comparing each of the cell types. These single cell measurements are compared to quantitative measurements of cell-associated amiodarone for the population using LC/MS/MS and cell counting with flow cytometry. NR8383 and HepG2 cells uptake the greatest amount of amiodarone with an average of 2.38 and 2.60 pg per cell, respectively, and HeLa and Hek 293 have a significantly lower amount of amiodarone at 0.43 and 0.36 pg per cell, respectively. The amount of cell-associated drug for the ensemble population measurement (LC/MS/MS) is compared with the ToF-SIMS single cell data: a similar amount of drug was detected per cell for the NR8383, and HepG2 cells at a greater level than that for the HEK293 cells. However, the two techniques did not agree for the HeLa cells, and we postulate potential reasons for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla F Newman
- GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Rasmus Havelund
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa K Passarelli
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Francis
- GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andy West
- GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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6
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Assmus F, Houston JB, Galetin A. Incorporation of lysosomal sequestration in the mechanistic model for prediction of tissue distribution of basic drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:419-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Ufuk A, Assmus F, Francis L, Plumb J, Damian V, Gertz M, Houston JB, Galetin A. In Vitro and in Silico Tools To Assess Extent of Cellular Uptake and Lysosomal Sequestration of Respiratory Drugs in Human Alveolar Macrophages. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1033-1046. [PMID: 28252969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of respiratory drugs in human alveolar macrophages (AMs) has not been extensively studied in vitro and in silico despite its potential impact on therapeutic efficacy and/or occurrence of phospholipidosis. The current study aims to characterize the accumulation and subcellular distribution of drugs with respiratory indication in human AMs and to develop an in silico mechanistic AM model to predict lysosomal accumulation of investigated drugs. The data set included 9 drugs previously investigated in rat AM cell line NR8383. Cell-to-unbound medium concentration ratio (Kp,cell) of all drugs (5 μM) was determined to assess the magnitude of intracellular accumulation. The extent of lysosomal sequestration in freshly isolated human AMs from multiple donors (n = 5) was investigated for clarithromycin and imipramine (positive control) using an indirect in vitro method (±20 mM ammonium chloride, NH4Cl). The AM cell parameters and drug physicochemical data were collated to develop an in silico mechanistic AM model. Three in silico models differing in their description of drug membrane partitioning were evaluated; model (1) relied on octanol-water partitioning of drugs, model (2) used in vitro data to account for this process, and model (3) predicted membrane partitioning by incorporating AM phospholipid fractions. In vitro Kp,cell ranged >200-fold for respiratory drugs, with the highest accumulation seen for clarithromycin. A good agreement in Kp,cell was observed between human AMs and NR8383 (2.45-fold bias), highlighting NR8383 as a potentially useful in vitro surrogate tool to characterize drug accumulation in AMs. The mean Kp,cell of clarithromycin (81, CV = 51%) and imipramine (963, CV = 54%) were reduced in the presence of NH4Cl by up to 67% and 81%, respectively, suggesting substantial contribution of lysosomal sequestration and intracellular binding in the accumulation of these drugs in human AMs. The in vitro data showed variability in drug accumulation between individual human AM donors due to possible differences in lysosomal abundance, volume, and phospholipid content, which may have important clinical implications. Consideration of drug-acidic phospholipid interactions significantly improved the performance of the in silico models; use of in vitro Kp,cell obtained in the presence of NH4Cl as a surrogate for membrane partitioning (model (2)) captured the variability in clarithromycin and imipramine Kp,cell observed in vitro and showed the best ability to predict correctly positive and negative lysosomotropic properties. The developed mechanistic AM model represents a useful in silico tool to predict lysosomal and cellular drug concentrations based on drug physicochemical data and system specific properties, with potential application to other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Ufuk
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Frauke Assmus
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Laura Francis
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Jonathan Plumb
- Respiratory and Allergy Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital of South Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Valeriu Damian
- Computational Modeling Sciences, DDS, GlaxoSmithKline , Upper Merion, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michael Gertz
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED, Roche Innovation Center , Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
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8
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Kaneko K, Togami K, Yamamoto E, Wang S, Morimoto K, Itagaki S, Chono S. Sustained distribution of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in epithelial lining fluids on alveolar surfaces. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:565-71. [PMID: 27334278 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The distribution characteristics of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were examined in rats, and the ensuing mechanisms were investigated in the in vitro uptake and protein adsorption experiments. Nonmodified or PEGylated liposomes (particle size 100 nm) were aerosolized into rat lungs. PEGylated liposomes were distributed more sustainably in ELFs than nonmodified liposomes. Furthermore, the uptake of PEGylated liposomes by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was less than that of nonmodified liposomes. In further in vitro uptake experiments, nonmodified and PEGylated liposomes were opsonized with rat ELF components and then added to NR8383 cells as cultured rat AMs. The uptake of opsonized PEGylated liposomes by NR8383 cells was lower than that of opsonized nonmodified liposomes. Moreover, the protein absorption levels in opsonized PEGylated liposomes were lower than those in opsonized nonmodified liposomes. These findings suggest that sustained distributions of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in ELFs reflect evasion of liposomal opsonization with surfactant proteins and consequent reductions in uptake by AMs. These data indicate the potential of PEGylated liposomes as aerosol-based drug delivery system that target ELF for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kaneko
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Kohei Togami
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Eri Yamamoto
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Shujun Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morimoto
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Japan
| | - Shirou Itagaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, 53, Hon-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Sumio Chono
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.
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9
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Takai S, Oda S, Tsuneyama K, Fukami T, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Establishment of a mouse model for amiodarone-induced liver injury and analyses of its hepatotoxic mechanism. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:35-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research; University of Toyama; Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
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10
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Ufuk A, Somers G, Houston JB, Galetin A. In Vitro Assessment of Uptake and Lysosomal Sequestration of Respiratory Drugs in Alveolar Macrophage Cell Line NR8383. Pharm Res 2015. [PMID: 26224396 PMCID: PMC4628094 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess accumulation and lysosomal sequestration of 9 drugs used in respiratory indications (plus imipramine as positive control) in the alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line NR8383. Methods For all drugs, uptake at 5 μM was investigated at 37 and 4°C to delineate active uptake and passive diffusion processes. Accumulation of basic clarithromycin, formoterol and imipramine was also assessed over 0.1–100 μM concentration range. Lysosomal sequestration was investigated using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), monensin and nigericin. Impact of lysosomal sequestration on clarithromycin accumulation kinetics was investigated. Results Both cell-to-medium concentration ratio (Kp) and uptake clearance (CLuptake) ranged > 400-fold for the drugs investigated. The greatest Kp was observed for imipramine (391) and clarithromycin (82), in contrast to no accumulation seen for terbutaline. A concentration-dependent accumulation was evident for the basic drugs investigated. Imipramine and clarithromycin Kp and CLuptake were reduced by 59–85% in the presence of NH4Cl and monensin/nigericin, indicating lysosomal accumulation, whereas lysosomal sequestration was not pronounced for the other 8 respiratory drugs. Clarithromycin uptake rate was altered by NH4Cl, highlighting the impact of subcellular distribution on accumulation kinetics. Conclusions This study provides novel evidence of the utility of NR8383 for investigating accumulation and lysosomal sequestration of respiratory drugs in AMs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1753-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Ufuk
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Graham Somers
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - J Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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11
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Passarelli MK, Newman CF, Marshall PS, West A, Gilmore IS, Bunch J, Alexander MR, Dollery CT. Single-Cell Analysis: Visualizing Pharmaceutical and Metabolite Uptake in Cells with Label-Free 3D Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6696-702. [PMID: 26023862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detecting metabolites and parent compound within a cell type is now a priority for pharmaceutical development. In this context, three-dimensional secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging was used to investigate the cellular uptake of the antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone, a phospholipidosis-inducing pharmaceutical compound. The high lateral resolution and 3D imaging capabilities of SIMS combined with the multiplex capabilities of ToF mass spectrometric detection allows for the visualization of pharmaceutical compound and metabolites in single cells. The intact, unlabeled drug compound was successfully detected at therapeutic dosages in macrophages (cell line: NR8383). Chemical information from endogenous biomolecules was used to correlate drug distributions with morphological features. From this spatial analysis, amiodarone was detected throughout the cell, with the majority of the compound found in the membrane and subsurface regions and absent in the nuclear regions. Similar results were obtained when the macrophages were doped with amiodarone metabolite, desethylamiodarone. The fwhm lateral resolution measured across an intracellular interface in high lateral resolution ion images was approximately 550 nm. Overall, this approach provides the basis for studying cellular uptake of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites on the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Passarelli
- †National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ian S Gilmore
- †National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- §University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Bunch
- †National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- §University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- §University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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12
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Balogh GT, Müller J, Könczöl A. pH-gradient PAMPA-based in vitro model assay for drug-induced phospholipidosis in early stage of drug discovery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:81-9. [PMID: 23439241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we validated a widely used, high-throughput in vitro permeability model (PAMPA) to be used at the early stage of drug discovery for the phospholipidosis (PLD) prediction of drug-like compounds. Regarding the mechanism of action of PLD, our pH-gradient PAMPA system is the first noncell based model to mimic one-way transport of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) from cytosol to the lysosome. Moreover, due to the fact that PLD can mainly occur in lung, liver, brain, kidney and heart, we have used similar commercially available original tissue-derived lipid fractions (heart, liver, brain), and in the case mimicking membrane of kidney and lung tissue we prepared tissue-mimetic artificial lipid mixtures in house. Metabolism of a drug can change the degree of PLD depending on the physicochemical properties of metabolites and the rate of metabolism. Our data from 57 drugs and 4 metabolites of earlier and 2 metabolites of newly recognized outliers (phenacetin and bupropion) using our pH-gradient PAMPA system show a good correlation with in vivo PLD data. Moreover, predictive ability of our best system, the lung specific pH-gradient PAMPA model was significantly better than widely used in silico models and it was also slightly better than that of the known noncell based models on our selection of compounds. Our pH-gradient PAMPA systems therefore offer mechanistically alternative, accurate and cost-effective screening tools for the early prediction of PLD potential of drug-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- György T Balogh
- Compound Profiling Laboratory, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest H-1103, Hungary.
| | - Judit Müller
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 9-11, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Arpád Könczöl
- Compound Profiling Laboratory, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest H-1103, Hungary
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Togami K, Chono S, Morimoto K. Aerosol-based efficient delivery of azithromycin to alveolar macrophages for treatment of respiratory infections. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1361-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.705296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Aerosol-Based Efficient Delivery of Clarithromycin, a Macrolide Antimicrobial Agent, to Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid and Alveolar Macrophages for Treatment of Respiratory Infections. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2012; 25:110-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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15
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Zhou L, Geraci G, Hess S, Yang L, Wang J, Argikar U. Predicting Phospholipidosis: A Fluorescence Noncell Based in Vitro Assay for the Determination of Drug–Phospholipid Complex Formation in Early Drug Discovery. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6980-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gina Geraci
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sloan Hess
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linhong Yang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianling Wang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Upendra Argikar
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Togami K, Chono S, Morimoto K. Distribution characteristics of clarithromycin and azithromycin, macrolide antimicrobial agents used for treatment of respiratory infections, in lung epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:389-97. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Togami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University; 7-1, Katsuraoka-cho; Otaru; Hokkaido; 047-0264; Japan
| | - Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University; 7-1, Katsuraoka-cho; Otaru; Hokkaido; 047-0264; Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University; 7-1, Katsuraoka-cho; Otaru; Hokkaido; 047-0264; Japan
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17
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Seki T, Fukushi N, Maru H, Kimura S, Chono S, Egawa Y, Morimoto K, Ueda H, Morimoto Y. [Effects of sperminated pullulans on the pulmonary absorption of insulin]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:307-14. [PMID: 21297376 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sperminated pullulans (SP) having different molecular weights (MWs) were prepared, and the enhancing effect on the pulmonary absorption of insulin in rats was examined. SP acted as enhancers of insulin absorption when a 0.1% solution was applied with insulin simultaneously and their enhancing effects depended on the MW of the SP; the same solutions exhibited low toxicity in the in vivo LDH leaching test. In the in vitro experiments using Calu-3 cells, tight junction-opening effects and a toxic effect of SP in the MTT assay were observed at lower concentrations compared with the in vivo experiments. A mucus layer might interfere with the interaction between SP and the cell surface and might suppress both these effects and toxicity. SP having a high MW will be useful for preparing safe and efficient formulations of peptide and protein drugs. The change in the localization of the tight junction proteins may be related to the permeation-enhancing mechanism of SP.
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18
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Chono S, Suzuki H, Togami K, Morimoto K. Efficient drug delivery to lung epithelial lining fluid by aerosolization of ciprofloxacin incorporated into PEGylated liposomes for treatment of respiratory infections. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:367-72. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.513389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Togami K, Chono S, Seki T, Morimoto K. Aerosol-based efficient delivery of telithromycin, a ketolide antimicrobial agent, to lung epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages for treatment of respiratory infections. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:861-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903551319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Uptake characteristics of liposomes by rat alveolar macrophages: influence of particle size and surface mannose modification. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:75-80. [PMID: 17227623 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.1.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of particle size and surface mannose modification on the uptake of liposomes by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was investigated in-vitro and in-vivo. Non-modified liposomes of five different particle sizes (100, 200, 400, 1000 and 2000 nm) and mannosylated liposomes with 4-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside (particle size 1000 nm) were prepared, and the uptake characteristics by rat AMs in-vitro and in-vivo were examined. The uptake of non-modified liposomes by rat AMs in-vitro increased with an increase in particle size over the range of 100–1000 nm, and became constant at over 1000 nm. The uptake of non-modified liposomes by AMs after pulmonary administration to rats in-vivo increased with an increase in particle size in the range 100–2000 nm. The uptake of mannosylated liposomes (particle size 1000 nm) by rat AMs both in-vitro and in-vivo was significantly greater than that of non-modified liposomes (particle size 1000 nm). The results indicate that the uptake of liposomes by rat AMs is dependent on particle size and is increased by surface mannose modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru-city 047-0264, Japan.
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Chono S, Kaneko K, Yamamoto E, Togami K, Morimoto K. Effect of surface-mannose modification on aerosolized liposomal delivery to alveolar macrophages. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:102-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903099744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Chono S, Fukuchi R, Seki T, Morimoto K. Aerosolized liposomes with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine enhance pulmonary insulin delivery. J Control Release 2009; 137:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Togami K, Chono S, Seki T, Morimoto K. Distribution Characteristics of Telithromycin, a Novel Ketolide Antimicrobial Agent Applied for Treatment of Respiratory Infection, in Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid and Alveolar Macrophages. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 24:411-7. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.24.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Efficient Drug Delivery to Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid Following Pulmonary Administration of Liposomal Ciprofloxacin in Rats with Pneumonia and Estimation of its Antibacterial Effects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:1090-6. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040801958421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Efficient drug targeting to rat alveolar macrophages by pulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin incorporated into mannosylated liposomes for treatment of respiratory intracellular parasitic infections. J Control Release 2007; 127:50-8. [PMID: 18230410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of pulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) incorporated into mannosylated liposomes (mannosylated CPFX-liposomes) for the treatment of respiratory intracellular parasitic infections was evaluated. In brief, mannosylated CPFX-liposomes with 4-aminophenyl-a-d-mannopyranoside (particle size: 1000 nm) were prepared, and the drug targeting to alveolar macrophages (AMs) following pulmonary administration was examined in rats. Furthermore, the antibacterial and mutant prevention effects of mannosylated CPFX-liposomes in AMs were evaluated by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. The targeting efficiency of CPFX to rat AMs following pulmonary administration of mannosylated CPFX-liposomes was significantly greater than that of CPFX incorporated into unmodified liposomes (unmodified CPFX-liposomes; particle size: 1000 nm). According to PK/PD analysis, the mannosylated CPFX-liposomes exhibited potent antibacterial effects against many bacteria although unmodified CPFX-liposomes were ineffective against several types of bacteria, and the probability of microbial mutation by mannosylated CPFX-liposomes was extremely low. The present study indicates that mannosylated CPFX-liposomes as pulmonary administration system could be useful for the treatment of respiratory intracellular parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru-city 047-0264, Japan.
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Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Efficacy of Intrapulmonary Administration of Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Respiratory Infections. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:88-95. [PMID: 17495415 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic efficacy of intrapulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms resisting sterilization systems of alveolar macrophages (AMs) was evaluated by comparison with an oral administration. The time-courses of the concentration of CPFX in AMs and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following intrapulmonary administration of CPFX solution to rats (200 microg/kg) were markedly higher than that following oral administration (10 mg/kg). The time-course of the concentrations of CPFX in plasma following intrapulmonary administration was markedly lower than that in AMs and ELF. These results indicate that intrapulmonary administration is more effective in delivering CPFX to AMs and ELF, compared with oral administration, in spite of a low dose and it avoids distribution of CPFX to the blood. In addition, the antibacterial effects of CPFX in AMs and ELF following intrapulmonary administration were evaluated by pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis. The concentration of CPFX in AMs and ELF-time curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration of CPFX (MIC) ratio and the maximum concentration of CPFX in AMs and ELF (Cmax)/MIC ratio were markedly higher than the effective values. The present study indicates that intrapulmonary administration of CPFX is an effective technique for the treatment of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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27
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Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Influence of particle size on drug delivery to rat alveolar macrophages following pulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin incorporated into liposomes. J Drug Target 2006; 14:557-66. [PMID: 17043040 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600834375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to confirm the efficacy of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) incorporated into liposomes (CPFX-liposomes) for treatment of respiratory intracellular parasite infections, the influence of particle size on drug delivery to rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) following pulmonary administration of CPFX-liposomes was investigated. CPFX-liposomes were prepared with hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), cholesterol (CH) and dicetylphosphate (DCP) in a lipid molar ratio of 7/2/1 by the hydration method and then adjusted to five different particle sizes (100, 200, 400, 1000 and 2000 nm). In the pharmacokinetic experiment, the delivery efficiency of CPFX to rat AMs following pulmonary administration of CPFX-liposomes increased with the increase in the particle size over the range 100-1000 nm and became constant at over 1000 nm. The concentrations of CPFX in rat AMs until 24 h after pulmonary administration of CPFX-liposomes with a particle size of 1000 nm were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration of CPFX against various intracellular parasites. In a cytotoxic test, no release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from rat lung tissues by pulmonary administration of CPFX-liposomes with a particle size of 1000 nm was observed. These findings indicate that efficient delivery of CPFX to AMs by CPFX-liposomes with a particle size of 1000 nm induces an excellent antibacterial effect without any cytotoxic effects on lung tissues. Therefore, CPFX-liposomes may be useful in the development of drug delivery systems for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by intracellular parasites, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru 047-0264, Japan.
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28
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Bogazzi F, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Russo D, Cosci C, Cecchetti P, Dell'Unto E, Sardella C, Tonacchera M, Vitti P, Benzi L, Bartalena L, Martino E. Uptake of amiodarone by thyroidal and non-thyroidal cell lines. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:61-6. [PMID: 16553035 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone perturbs thyroid function, causing overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in 15% of patients. Changes in thyroid function are likely due, at least in part, to amiodarone and/or desethylamiodarone (DEA) concentration into the thyroid gland, but mechanisms whereby the drug uptake occurred are not known. Thyroidal (FRTL-5) or non-thyroidal [Chinese hamster ovary wild-type (CHOwt) or CHO stably transfected with NIS (CHO-NIS)] cells were exposed to 10 microM amiodarone or DEA. Cellular content of both drugs was measured by HPLC and normalized by protein concentration. Cellular concentration of the two drugs was higher in FRTL-5 (mean +/- SD 17.2 +/- 1.2 microg/mg protein of amiodarone and 18.9 +/- 0.7 microg/mg protein of DEA) than in CHO-NIS and CHOwt cells (10.8 +/- 0.8 microg/mg protein and 12.8 +/- 0.2 microg/mg protein, respectively, of amiodarone (p < 0.004); 11.9 +/- 0.1 microg/mg protein and 11 +/- 0.2 microg/mg protein, respectively, of DEA (p < 0.0002). DEA concentration was higher than that of amiodarone in all cell lines (p < 0.002). Differences between FRTL-5 and CHO cell lines were not dependent on TSH: in fact, cellular content of either drug did not change in the presence or absence of TSH in the culture medium. NIS did not intervene in amiodarone or DEA entry into thyroid cells, since amiodarone and DEA content was the same in CHOwt and CHO-NIS cells; in addition, KClO4 inhibited NIS function, but had no effect on drug uptake by the cells. At variance, 80 microM DEA reduced 125I uptake by CHO-NIS cells by 40% at 30 min without affecting cell viability. In conclusion, mechanisms whereby amiodarone is taken up by thyroid cells remain largely unknown, but the two main factors involved in thyroid-specific cellular transport, ie, NIS and TSH, seem to be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Deguchi Y, Sun J, Tauchi Y, Sakai S, Morimoto K. Distribution characteristics of grepafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in lung epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophage. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005; 18:319-26. [PMID: 15618751 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.18.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of Grepafloxacin (GPFX), a new quinolone antimicrobial agent, in the lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and the alveolar macrophage (AM) in rats, which are potential infection sites in respiratory tract infections. We also aimed to clarify the mechanism governing the transferability of GPFX into the alveolus compartment from a kinetic point of view. The AUC ratios of ELF/plasma and AM/plasma after the oral administration of GPFX were 5.69 +/- 1.00 and 352 +/- 57, respectively, which were several-fold greater than those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX). Pharmacokinetic analyses of time profiles of GPFX concentrations in ELF and AM revealed that the influx clearance from plasma to ELF across the alveolar barrier is 5-fold greater than the efflux clearance from ELF. In addition, the permeability of GPFX across the cultured AM cell membrane was 7-fold and 11-fold greater than that of levofloxacin (LVFX) and CPFX, respectively. The extent of intracellular binding to AM cells (expressed as a constant (alpha)) was the greatest for GPFX, followed by CPFX and LVFX. There was a significant correlation between the alpha value and the partitioning to the immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) column, which consists of phospholipid residues covalently bound to silica. These results suggest that GPFX is highly distributed in ELF and AM, and that the high transferability of GPFX into ELF may be attributable to the existence of asymmetrical transport across the alveolar barrier. In addition, it was suggested that both rapid permeability across the AM cell membrane and avid binding to the membrane phospholipids may be responsible for the high accumulation of GPFX in AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Deguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Otaru, Japan
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30
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Foth H. Role of the lung in accumulation and metabolism of xenobiotic compounds--implications for chemically induced toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 1995; 25:165-205. [PMID: 7612175 DOI: 10.3109/10408449509021612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian lung is exposed to and affected by many airborne and bloodborne foreign compounds. This review summarizes the role of lung in accumulation and metabolism of xenobiotics, some of which are spontaneously reactive or are metabolically activated to toxic intermediates. The specific architectural arrangement of mammalian lung favors that so-called pneumophilic drugs are filtered out of the blood and are retained within the tissue as shown in particular for amphetamine, chlorphentermine, amiodarone, imipramine, chlorpromazine, propranolol, local anaesthetics, and some miscellaneous therapeutics. There is strong evidence that intrapulmonary distribution activity and regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes in lung is distinct from liver. This review focuses on the metabolic rate of selected compounds in lung such as 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, local anesthetics, nicotine, benzo(alpha)pyrene, ipomeanol, 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. It is widely accepted that the formation of radical species is a key event in the pneumotoxic mechanisms induced by bleomycin, paraquat, 3-methylindole, butylhydroxytoluene, or nitrofurantoin. Finally, methodological approaches to assess the capacity of lung to eliminate foreign compounds as well as biochemical features of the pulmonary tissue are evaluated briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Foth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Honegger UE, Zuehlke RD, Scuntaro I, Schaefer MH, Toplak H, Wiesmann UN. Cellular accumulation of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in cultured human cells. Consequences of drug accumulation on cellular lipid metabolism and plasma membrane properties of chronically exposed cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 45:349-56. [PMID: 8382061 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90070-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Amiodarone (AMIO), a potent antiarrhythmic drug, is clinically widely used despite its frequent side effects after chronic administration. These side effects coincide with an intralysosomal accumulation of AMIO and its main metabolite desethylamiodarone (DEA) and may be causally related to the drug-induced intracellular storage of phospholipids (PL). Kinetics of cellular uptake and release of radiolabelled AMIO and DEA were studied following single and multiple exposures of cultured human skin fibroblasts to 5 and 10 microM drug concentrations. AMIO and DEA were efficiently taken up into cultured cells. The rate of uptake was slower than that of other cationic amphiphilic drugs. The intracellular steady state concentrations were in the millimolar range suggesting a lysosomal trapping. Repetitive exposures of cultures resulted in a cumulative and partly saturable drug uptake. The accumulation of DEA was higher than that of AMIO throughout. AMIO and DEA previously taken up into the cells during a 2 hr exposure were completely released into the washing media, suggesting an exchangeable form of the accumulated drugs. Following repetitive exposures only part of the drugs was released. Under chasing conditions using washing media containing non-labelled AMIO and DEA respectively or ammonium chloride the release of the chronically accumulated 14C-labelled drugs was increased. This suggested a drug storage in the form of complexes in acidic compartments. Phospholipid (PL) content as well as individual PL fractions were changed in whole cells and in isolated plasma membranes. PL accumulation is assumed to occur by inhibition of PL degradation due to formation of non-degradable drug-PL complexes or by inhibition of phospholipase activities. Cellular PL accumulation seemed to interfere with PL recycling. Changes in PL composition of purified plasma membranes were in part complementary to the ones in whole cells. The alterations in membrane PL composition may explain the changes in membrane fluidity and the decrease in beta-adrenoceptor density and in isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP formation. The results obtained provide an explanation for the pharmacokinetic, and possibly for the pharmacodynamic and also toxicological behaviour of AMIO and DEA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- U E Honegger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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