1
|
Srivastava S, Dhaneshwar S, Kawathekar N. Stress degradation studies and development of validated stability indicating densitometric method for estimation of alpha lipoic acid in bulk and capsule dosage form. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A precise, sensitive, specific and accurate stability indicating densitometric method was developed and validated for alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in bulk and capsule dosage form. The study employed pre-coated silica gel 60F254 TLC plates as stationary phase and toluene: chloroform: methanol: formic acid (5:3:1:0.05; v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. The developed method furnished compact spots of alpha-lipoic acid (Rf 0.28 ± 0.05) after derivatization, offered good linearity in range 80–400 ng/spot with correlation coefficient of 0.998. The values for detection and quantitation were found 18.022 and 54.612 ng/spot respectively. ALA was subjected to stress degradation studies and total 13 degradation products were resolved. Thus, the proposed method offered good results according to ICH guidelines, and can be used for identification, routine quantitative determination as well as for monitoring the stability of ALA in bulk and in capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Suneela Dhaneshwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Neha Kawathekar
- Department of Pharmacy, SGSITS Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452003, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
KAÇMAZ F, OZCAN O, ARPACI A, AYAZ E, BAYRAKTAR HS, GÖRÜR S. Investigation of the Effects of Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoate on Experimental Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.1012649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
3
|
Wang X, Zheng X, Liu X, Zeng B, Xu Y, Yuan C, Dai L. K+-Responsive Crown Ether-Based Amphiphilic Copolymer: Synthesis and Application in the Release of Drugs and Au Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030406. [PMID: 35160395 PMCID: PMC8840459 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to unique chelating and macrocyclic effects, crown ether compounds exhibit wide application prospects. They could be introduced into amphiphilic copolymers to provide new trigger mode for drug delivery. In this work, new amphiphilic random polymers of poly(lipoic acid-methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-methacrylamide (abbrev. PLENB) containing a crown ether ring and disulphide bond were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. Using the solvent evaporation method, the PLENB micelles were formed and then used to load substances, such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and gold nanoparticles. The results showed that PLENB exhibited a variety of lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) in response to the presence of different ions, such as K+, Na+ and Mg2+. In particular, the addition of 150 mM K+ increased the LCST of PLENB from 31 to 37 °C and induced the release of DOX from the PLENB@DOX assemblies with a release rate of 99.84% within 12 h under 37 °C. However, Na+ and Mg2+ ions could not initiate the same response. Furthermore, K+ ions drove the disassembly of gold aggregates from the PLENB-SH@Au assemblies to achieve the transport of Au NPs, which is helpful to construct a K+-triggered carrier system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xianghong Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Yiting Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdel-Hady E, Mohamed F, Ahmed M, Abdel-Salam M, Ayobe M. Supplementation of Lipoic Acid, Zinc and Clopidogrel Reduces Mortality Rate and Incidence of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:582223. [PMID: 33815129 PMCID: PMC8009994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.582223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advances in management of coronary heart diseases, myocardial infarction (MI) is still associated with a high mortality rate. The present study was planned to investigate the possible protective effects of the anti-oxidants lipoic acid and zinc sulfate as well as the anti-platelet clopidogrel on cardiac dysfunction in experimental isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI, aiming at achieving useful means for protection and therapy against MI. Wistar rats of both sexes were allocated into five groups: control, untreated MI and MI pre-treated with lipoic acid, zinc, or clopidogrel. All rats were subjected to ECG recording and measurement of plasma levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) unit, triglycerides and total cholesterol. The hearts were isolated and studied on Langendorff preparation for assessment of intrinsic cardiac activities. The results revealed that the percent mortality was markedly reduced upon pre-treatment and the total arrhythmia was also decreased except for the zinc pre-treated rats. The ST-segment elevation was significantly reduced and the plasma levels of CK-MB were only decreased in lipoic acid and clopidogrel pre-treated rats with variable hypolipidemic effect. Hearts of clopidogrel pre-treated rats showed augmented inotropic activity both basal and in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. While zinc pre-treated hearts revealed improved rate of contraction and increased myocardial flow rate. Overall, these results indicate that lipoic acid, zinc and clopidogrel were variably effective in modifying the ISO-induced MI insults and offered partial protection against experimental myocardial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enas Abdel-Hady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Salam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ayobe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shchelkonogov VA, Darnotuk ES, Chekanov AV, Baranova OA, Kazarinov KD, Shastina NS, Stvolinsky SL, Fedorova TN, Solov’eva EY, Fedin AI, Sorokoumova GM. Liposomal Drug with Carnosine and Lipoic Acid: Preparation, Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Properties. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Monreal-Corona R, Biddlecombe J, Ippolito A, Mora-Diez N. Theoretical Study of the Iron Complexes with Lipoic and Dihydrolipoic Acids: Exploring Secondary Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E674. [PMID: 32731543 PMCID: PMC7465238 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamic stability of twenty-nine Fe(III) complexes with various deprotonated forms of lipoic (LA) and dihydrolipoic (DHLA) acids, with coordination numbers 4, 5 and 6, is studied at the M06(SMD)/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory in water under physiological pH conditions at 298.15 K. Even though the complexes with LA- are more stable than those with DHLA-, the most thermodynamically stable Fe(III) complexes involve DHLA2-. The twenty-four exergonic complexes are used to evaluate the secondary antioxidant activity of DHLA and LA relative to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) reduction by O2•- and ascorbate. Rate constants for the single-electron transfer (SET) reactions are calculated. The thermodynamic stability of the Fe(III) complexes does not fully correlate with the rate constant of their SET reactions, but more exergonic complexes usually exhibit smaller SET rate constants. Some Cu(II) complexes and their reduction to Cu(I) are also studied at the same level of theory for comparison. The Fe(III) complexes appear to be more stable than their Cu(II) counterparts. Relative to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) reduction with ascorbate, DHLA can fully inhibit the formation of •OH radicals, but not by reaction with O2•-. Relative to the Cu(II)/Cu(I) reduction with ascorbate, the effects of DHLA are moderate/high, and with O2•- they are minor. LA has minor to negligible inhibition effects in all the cases considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nelaine Mora-Diez
- Department of Chemistry, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada; (R.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Velugula K, Kumar A, Chinta JP. Nuclease and anticancer activity of antioxidant conjugated terpyridine metal complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
İnanan BE, Kanyılmaz M. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on oxidative stress, viability and motility in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa after short-term storage and cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2020; 94:73-79. [PMID: 32315650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As known for different metabolic functions, α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been tested for spermatozoa preservation of animals as well as of human, but not for fish spermatozoa. The present study determined the effects of ALA on short and long-term (cryopreservation) preservation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa, for the first time. For that, spermatozoa were diluted in extenders containing 0 (control), 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM of ALA concentrations in both short-term preservation and cryopreservation. Spermatozoa motility parameters by computer-assisted semen analysis, viability, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in spermatozoa were conducted in both 2nd and 120th hours of short-term storage and post-thaw samples. Higher percentages of total spermatozoa motility (80 ± 3) and viability (87 ± 3) were observed in 0.5 mM ALA group after 120 h of incubation. In post-thaw samples, higher percentages of these parameters were in 1 mM ALA group (74 ± 3 and 83 ± 2, respectively). Moreover, the results have shown that the addition of ALA until concentrations of 2 mM improved especially spermatozoa curvilinear velocity, maintained viability, and suppressed excessive lipid peroxidation during the preservations. In conclusion, the additions of 0.5 mM ALA for short-term preservation and 1 mM ALA for cryopreservation were the optimal concentrations, and shown the protective effects on common carp spermatozoa, when considering all measured parameters together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Evren İnanan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Eskil Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68800, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Mahir Kanyılmaz
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research, Production and Training Institute, 07192, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Resource Management and Fisheries Structures, General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghibu S, Craciun CE, Rusu R, Morgovan C, Mogosan C, Rochette L, Gal AF, Dronca M. Impact of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Chronic Discontinuous Treatment in Cardiometabolic Disorders and Oxidative Stress Induced by Fructose Intake in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120636. [PMID: 31835800 PMCID: PMC6943500 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic disorders are the main consequences of today’s alimentary behavior. This study evaluates the effects of a chronic-discontinuous treatment with alpha-lipoic acid (AL), an antioxidant substance that improves glycemic control associated with diabetes mellitus, on metabolic disorders and plasma oxidative stress induced by fructose intake, in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (48 animals) were randomized into two series (n = 24): rats fed with standard chow or with standard chow supplemented with 60% fructose. In each of the two series, for 2 weeks/month over 12 weeks, a group of rats (n = 12) was intraperitoneally injected with NaCl 0.9%, and a second group (n = 12) received AL 50 mg/kg/day. Body weight, glycemia, and systolic blood pressure were monitored throughout the study. After 12 weeks, IR, plasma lipoproteins, uric acid, transaminase activities, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. The high fructose-enriched diet induced cardiometabolic disorders (hypertension, hyperglycemia, IR and dyslipidemia), an increase in uric acid concentration, transaminase activities and C-reactive protein level. This diet also enhanced plasma products of lipid and protein oxidation, homocysteine level, and decreased GSH/GSSG ratio. In this field, there is evidence to indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of diabetic complications. AL discontinuous treatment prevents the metabolic disorders induced by fructose intake, reduced plasma lipid and protein oxidation-products, and restored the GHS/GSSG ratio. Our study proves a promising potential of the chronic-discontinuous treatment of AL and highlights the pleiotropic effects of this antioxidant substance in metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steliana Ghibu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Elena Craciun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Razvan Rusu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Cristina Mogosan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: or (C.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Luc Rochette
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: or (C.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Adrian Florin Gal
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Dronca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.R.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baliño P, Romero-Cano R, Sánchez-Andrés JV, Valls V, Aragón CG, Muriach M. Effects of Acute Ethanol Administration on Brain Oxidative Status: The Role of Acetaldehyde. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1672-1681. [PMID: 31211868 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH), one of the most widely consumed substances of abuse, can induce brain damage and neurodegeneration. EtOH is centrally metabolized into acetaldehyde, which has been shown to be responsible for some of the neurophysiological and cellular effects of EtOH. Although some of the consequences of chronic EtOH administration on cell oxidative status have been described, the mechanisms by which acute EtOH administration affects the brain's cellular oxidative status and the role of acetaldehyde remain to be elucidated in detail. METHODS Swiss CD-I mice were pretreated with the acetaldehyde-sequestering agent d-penicillamine (DP; 75 mg/kg, i.p.) or the antioxidant lipoic acid (LA; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before EtOH (2.5 g/kg, i.p.) administration. Animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after EtOH injection. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA levels; GPx and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymatic activities; reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), glutamate, g-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine (Glut-Cys), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations; and protein carbonyl group (CG) content were determined in whole-brain samples. RESULTS Acute EtOH administration enhanced GPx activity and the GSH/GSSG ratio, while it decreased GR activity and GSSG concentration. Pretreatment with DP or LA only prevented GPx activity changes induced by EtOH. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show the capacity of a single dose of EtOH to unbalance cellular oxidative homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baliño
- From the, Unitat predepartamental de Medicina, (PB, RR-C, JVS-A, VV, MM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricard Romero-Cano
- From the, Unitat predepartamental de Medicina, (PB, RR-C, JVS-A, VV, MM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Sánchez-Andrés
- From the, Unitat predepartamental de Medicina, (PB, RR-C, JVS-A, VV, MM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Victoria Valls
- From the, Unitat predepartamental de Medicina, (PB, RR-C, JVS-A, VV, MM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - María Muriach
- From the, Unitat predepartamental de Medicina, (PB, RR-C, JVS-A, VV, MM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Assessment of the role of α-lipoic acid against the oxidative stress of induced iron overload. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Multi-Acting Mitochondria-Targeted Platinum(IV) Prodrugs of Kiteplatin with α-Lipoic Acid in the Axial Positions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072050. [PMID: 30011897 PMCID: PMC6073472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum(II) drugs are activated intracellularly by aquation of the leaving groups and then bind to DNA, forming DNA adducts capable to activate various signal-transduction pathways. Mostly explored in recent years are Pt(IV) complexes which allow the presence of two additional ligands in the axial positions suitable for the attachment of other cancer-targeting ligands. Here we have extended this strategy by coordinating in the axial positions of kiteplatin ([PtCl₂(cis-1,4-DACH)], DACH = Diaminocyclohexane) and its CBDCA (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate) analogue the antioxidant α-Lipoic acid (ALA), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). The new compounds (cis,trans,cis-[Pt(CBDCA)(ALA)₂(cis-1,4-DACH)], 2, and cis,trans,cis-[PtCl₂(ALA)₂(cis-1,4-DACH)], 3), after intracellular reduction, release the precursor Pt(II) species and two molecules of ALA. The Pt residue is able to target DNA, while ALA could act on mitochondria as activator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, thus suppressing anaerobic glycolysis. Compounds 2 and 3 were tested in vitro on a panel of five human cancer cell lines and compared to cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and kiteplatin. They proved to be much more effective than the reference compounds, with complex 3 most effective in 3D spheroid tumor cultures. Notably, treatment of human A431 carcinoma cells with 2 and 3 did not determine increase of cellular ROS (usually correlated to inhibition of mitochondrial PDK) and did not induce a significant depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane or alteration of other morphological mitochondrial parameters.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roberts JL, Moreau R. Emerging role of alpha-lipoic acid in the prevention and treatment of bone loss. Nutr Rev 2016; 73:116-25. [PMID: 26024498 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease associated with decreased bone density that afflicts millions of people worldwide. Current pharmacological treatments are limited, costly, and linked to several negative side effects. These factors are driving current interest in the clinical use of naturally occurring bioactive compounds to mitigate bone loss. Alpha-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant and essential member of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, has shown considerable promise as an antiosteoclastogenic agent due to its potent reactive oxygen species-scavenging capabilities along with a proven clinical safety record. Collectively, current data indicate that alpha-lipoic acid protects from bone loss via a 2-pronged mechanism involving inhibition of osteoclastogenic reactive oxygen species generation and upregulation of redox gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- J.L. Roberts and R. Moreau are with the Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- J.L. Roberts and R. Moreau are with the Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Castañeda-Arriaga R, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Mora-Diez N. Theoretical study of copper complexes with lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23553k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Cu(ii) complex with doubly-deprotonated dihydrolipoic acid has antioxidant capacity, since it is able to slow down by two orders the first step of the Haber–Weiss cycle reducing the potential damage caused by ˙OH radical formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Mexico
- Department of Chemistry
| | - J. Raul Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dörsam B, Fahrer J. The disulfide compound α-lipoic acid and its derivatives: A novel class of anticancer agents targeting mitochondria. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:12-9. [PMID: 26604131 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous disulfide α-lipoic acid (LA) is an essential mitochondrial co-factor. In addition, LA and its reduced counterpart dihydro lipoic acid form a potent redox couple with antioxidative functions, for which it is used as dietary supplement and therapeutic. Recently, it has gained attention due to its cytotoxic effects in cancer cells, which is the key aspect of this review. We initially recapitulate the dietary occurrence, gastrointestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of LA, illustrating its diverse antioxidative mechanisms. We then focus on its mode of action in cancer cells, in which it triggers primarily the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, whereas non-transformed primary cells are hardly affected. Furthermore, LA impairs oncogenic signaling and displays anti-metastatic potential. Novel LA derivatives such as CPI-613, which target mitochondrial energy metabolism, are described and recent pre-clinical studies are presented, which demonstrate that LA and its derivatives exert antitumor activity in vivo. Finally, we highlight clinical studies currently performed with the LA analog CPI-613. In summary, LA and its derivatives are promising candidates to complement the arsenal of established anticancer drugs due to their mitochondria-targeted mode of action and non-genotoxic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Dörsam
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Simultaneous determination of the endogenous free α-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in human plasma and erythrocytes by RP-HPLC coupled with electrochemical detector. Methods Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25323519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high performance liquid-chromatography/electrochemical detection method for simultaneous determination of the endogenous free α-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in biological matrices is presented. The two analytes are extracted from samples with acetonitrile-10% m-phosphoric acid solution(aqueous) (50:50 v/v). To determine the total lipoic acid, samples are treated with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine solution in phosphate buffer: pH 2.5 with 85% o-phosphoric acid prior to deproteination. The two analytes are separated on a C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column using acetonitrile-50 mM phosphate buffer: pH 2.5 with 85% o-phosphoric acid (35:65 v/v) as the isocratic mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min at the column oven temperature of 35 °C. The column eluents are monitored at a potential of 0.9 V. These analytes are efficiently resolved in <7 min.
Collapse
|
18
|
Göder A, Nagel G, Kraus A, Dörsam B, Seiwert N, Kaina B, Fahrer J. Lipoic acid inhibits the DNA repair protein O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and triggers its depletion in colorectal cancer cells with concomitant autophagy induction. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:817-31. [PMID: 25998848 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents are present in food and tobacco smoke, but are also used in cancer chemotherapy, inducing the DNA lesion O (6)-methylguanine. This critical adduct is repaired by O (6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), resulting in MGMT inactivation and degradation. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of the natural disulfide compound lipoic acid (LA) on MGMT in vitro and in colorectal cancer cells. We show that LA, but not its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid, potently inhibits the activity of recombinant MGMT by interfering with its catalytic Cys-145 residue, which was partially reversible by N-acetyl cysteine. Incubation of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with LA altered their glutathione pool and caused a decline in MGMT activity. This was mirrored by LA-induced depletion of MGMT protein, which was not attributable to changes in MGMT messenger RNA levels. Loss of MGMT protein coincided with LA-induced autophagy, a process resulting in lysosomal degradation of proteins, including presumably MGMT. LA-stimulated autophagy in a p53-independent manner as revealed by the response of isogenic HCT116 cell lines. Knockdown of the crucial autophagy component beclin-1 and chemical inhibitors blocked LA-induced autophagy, but did not abrogate LA-triggered MGMT degradation. Concomitant with MGMT depletion, LA pretreatment resulted in enhanced O (6)-methylguanine levels in DNA. It also increased the cytotoxicity of the alkylating anticancer drug temozolomide in temozolomide-resistant colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, our study showed that the natural compound LA inhibits MGMT and induces autophagy. Furthermore, LA enhanced the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide, which makes it a candidate for a supplement in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Göder
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Kraus
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bastian Dörsam
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Seiwert
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
García-Beltrán O, Santos JG, Fuentealba S, De la Torre P, Pavez P, Mena N, Nuñez MT, Aliaga ME. Mechanism study of the thiol-addition reaction to benzothiazole derivative for sensing endogenous thiols. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
20
|
Bozhokina E, Khaitlina S, Gamaley I. Dihydrolipoic but not alpha-lipoic acid affects susceptibility of eukaryotic cells to bacterial invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:697-702. [PMID: 25817791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity of eukaryotic cells to facultative pathogens can depend on physiological state of host cells. Previously we have shown that pretreatment of HeLa cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) makes the cells 2-3-fold more sensitive to invasion by the wild-type Serratia grimesii and recombinant Escherichia coli expressing gene of actin-specific metalloprotease grimelysin [1]. To evaluate the impact of chemically different antioxidants, in the present work we studied the effects of α-Lipoic acid (LA) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) on efficiency of S. grimesii and recombinant E. coli expressing grimelysin gene to penetrate into HeLa and CaCo cells. Similarly to the effect of NAC, pretreatment of HeLa and CaCo cells with 0.6 or 1.25 mM DHLA increased the entry of grimelysin producing bacteria by a factor of 2.5 and 3 for the wild-type S. grimesii and recombinant E. coli, respectively. In contrast, pretreatment of the cells with 0.6 or 1.25 mM LA did not affect the bacteria uptake. The increased invasion of HeLa and CaCo cells correlated with the enhanced expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin genes, whereas expression of these genes in the LA-treated cells was not changed. Comparison of these results suggests that it is sulfhydryl group of DHLA that promotes efficient modification of cell properties assisting bacterial uptake. We assume that the NAC- and DHLA-induced stimulation of the E-cadherin-catenin pathway contributes to the increased internalization of the grimelysin producing bacteria within transformed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Khaitlina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina Gamaley
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lipoic acid induces p53-independent cell death in colorectal cancer cells and potentiates the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1829-46. [PMID: 25526924 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), which plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial energy metabolism, is an endogenous dithiol compound with an array of antioxidative functions. It has been shown that LA triggers cell death in tumor cell lines, whereas non-transformed cells are hardly affected. In the present study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of LA on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells differing in their p53 status and investigated a putative synergistic effect with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We show that LA induces a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, which was independent of the p53 status as attested in isogenic p53-proficient and p53-deficient cell lines. This effect was largely attributable to cell death induction as revealed by Annexin-V/PI staining. LA-treated HCT116 cells underwent caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death, which was blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD and the RIP-kinase inhibitor Necrostatin-1, respectively. In CaCO-2 and HT29 cells, LA induced caspase-dependent cell demise via activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 with subsequent PARP-1 cleavage as demonstrated by immunoblot analysis, activity assays and pan-caspase inhibition. Interestingly, LA treatment did neither activate p53 nor induced genotoxic effects as shown by lack of DNA strand breaks and phosphorylation of histone 2AX. Finally, we provide evidence that LA increases the cytotoxic effect induced by the anticancer drug 5-FU as revealed by significantly enhanced cell death rates in HCT116 and CaCO-2 cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LA induces CRC cell death independent of their p53 status and potentiates the cytotoxicity of 5-FU without causing DNA damage on its own, which makes it a candidate for tumor therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Marin M, Lete C, Manolescu BN, Lupu S. Electrochemical determination of α-lipoic acid in human serum at platinum electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
Effect of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv® on the serum PON1 activity in post-acute stroke patients. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:743-50. [PMID: 23950599 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is one of the HDL-associated proteins which contributes to the antioxidant properties of these lipoproteins. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv® on serum PON1 activity in post-acute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. METHODS We enrolled 28 post-acute stroke patients and randomly divided them into (-) ALA or (+) ALA study groups. All the patients underwent the same rehabilitation program and received comparable standard medications. Moreover, (+) ALA patients received ALAnerv® for two weeks (2 pills/day). The serum PON1 activity was assessed on blood samples taken at the admission and at the discharge moments, respectively. We used paraoxon (paraoxonase activity, PONA), phenyl acetate (arylesterase activity, ARYLA) and dihydrocoumarin (lactonase activity, LACTA) as substrates, the latter activity being regarded as physiologically relevant. A control group of 14 apparently healthy subjects was also created. RESULTS In the (+) ALA group, LACTA significantly increased during the study period (17.6 ± 3.2 vs. 27.6 ± 3.5, p = 0.002). Moreover, the percentage of LACTA variation between (-) ALA and (+) ALA groups during the study was also statistically different (-11.7 ± 6.9% vs. +95.1 ± 29.7%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that ALA nerv® could contribute to the improvement of the physiologically relevant LACTA of PON1 in post-acute stroke patients, enabling this enzyme to contribute to the redox correction. Also, this study raises the question about the effect of a longer treatment period over the other enzymatic activities of serum PON1.
Collapse
|
24
|
Teichert J, Hermann R, Ruus P, Preiss R. Plasma Kinetics, Metabolism, and Urinary Excretion of Alpha-Lipoic Acid following Oral Administration in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 43:1257-67. [PMID: 14551180 DOI: 10.1177/0091270003258654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
R(+)-alpha-lipoic acid is a natural occurring compound that acts as an essential cofactor for certain dehydrogenase complexes. The redox couple alpha-lipoic acid/dihydrolipoic acid possesses potent antioxidant activity. Exogenous racemic alpha-lipoic acid orally administered for the symptomatic treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy is readily and nearly completely absorbed, with a limited absolute bioavailability of about 30% caused by high hepatic extraction. Although the pharmacokinetics of the parent drug have been well characterized in humans, relatively little is known regarding the excretion of alpha-lipoic acid and the pharmacokinetics of any metabolites in humans. In the present study, plasma concentration-time courses, urinary excreted amounts, and pharmacokinetic parameters of alpha-lipoic acid metabolites were evaluated in 9 healthy volunteers after multiple once-daily oral administration of 600 mg racemic alpha-lipoic acid. The primary metabolic pathways of alpha-lipoic acid in man, S-methylation and beta-oxidation, were quantitatively confirmed by an HPLC-electrochemical assay newly established prior to the beginning of this study. Major circulating metabolites were the S-methylated beta-oxidation products 4,6-bismethylthio-hexanoic acid and 2,4-bismethylthio-butanoic acid, whereas its conjugated forms accounted for the major portion excreted in urine. There was no statistically significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC, and tmax between day 1 and day 4. Despite the prolonged half-lives of the major metabolites compared to the parent drug, no evidence of accumulation was found. Mean values of 12.4% of the administered dose were recovered in the urine after 24 hours as the sum of alpha-lipoic acid and its metabolites. The results of the present study revealed that urinary excretion of alpha-lipoic acid and five of its main metabolites does not play a significant role in the elimination of alpha-lipoic acid. Therefore, biliary excretion, further electrochemically inactive degradation products, and complete utilization of alpha-lipoic acid as a primary substrate in the endogenous metabolism should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Teichert
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khadrawy YA, AboulEzz HS, Ahmed NA, Mohammed HS. The Anticonvulant Effect of Cooling in Comparison to α-Lipoic Acid: A Neurochemical Study. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:906-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Oprea E, Berteanu M, Cintezã D, Manolescu BN. The effect of the ALAnerv nutritional supplement on some oxidative stress markers in postacute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:613-20. [PMID: 23724877 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a pathologic condition associated with redox imbalance. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the effect of the consumption of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv on some oxidative stress markers in postacute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. To achieve this goal, we assigned 28 patients to 2 study groups: (-)ALA and (+)ALA. Patients in both groups participated in the same rehabilitation program and received comparable standard medications; however, patients in the (+)ALA group received ALAnerv for 2 weeks (2 pills per day). We assessed total and nonproteic thiols, protein carbonyls, ceruloplasmin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, lipid hydroperoxide concentrations, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and total antioxidant capacity. Regression analysis indicated that supplementation with ALAnerv was responsible for the significant decrease in glucose (p = 0.002) and oxidized LDL particles (p < 0.001) during the study period. For both parameters, the variation in the percent of concentration between the 2 groups during the study period reached statistical significance (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, Barthel Index values at discharge were significantly influenced by ALAnerv treatment. These preliminary results indicate that ALAnerv might be helpful because it rapidly corrects plasma fasting glucose and corrects serum oxidized LDL particle concentrations, suggesting the need for longer treatment with 2 pills or more per day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Feuerecker B, Pirsig S, Seidl C, Aichler M, Feuchtinger A, Bruchelt G, Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R. Lipoic acid inhibits cell proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1425-35. [PMID: 22954700 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells convert glucose preferentially to lactate even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis-Warburg effect). New concepts in cancer treatment aim at inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to acetylCoA thus preventing lactate formation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate compounds that could activate pyruvate dehydrogenase in cancer cells. We investigated the effects of (R)-(+)-α-lipoic acid (LPA) and dichloroacetate (DCA), possible activators of pyruvate dehydrogenase, on suppression of aerobic glycolysis and induction of cell death. The neuroblastoma cell lines Kelly, SK-N-SH, Neuro-2a and the breast cancer cell line SkBr3 were incubated with different concentrations (0.1-30 mM) of LPA and DCA. The effects of both compounds on cell viability/proliferation (WST-1 assay), [18F]-FDG uptake, lactate production and induction of apoptosis (flow cytometric detection of caspase-3) were evaluated. Furthermore, NMRI nu/nu mice that had been inoculated s.c. with SkBr3 cells were treated daily for four weeks with LPA (i.p, 18.5 mg/kg) starting at day 7 p.i.. Tumor development was measured with a sliding caliper and monitored via [18F]-FDG-PET. Residual tumors after therapy were examined histopathologically. These data suggests that LPA can reduce (1) cell viability/proliferation, (2) uptake of [18F]-FDG and (3) lactate production and increase apoptosis in all investigated cell lines. In contrast, DCA was almost ineffective. In the mouse xenograft model with s.c. SkBr3 cells, daily treatment with LPA retarded tumor progression. Therefore, LPA seems to be a promising compound for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Milward MR, Chapple IL, Carter K, Matthews JB, Cooper PR. Micronutrient modulation of NF-κB in oral keratinocytes exposed to periodontal bacteria. Innate Immun 2012; 19:140-51. [PMID: 22890546 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912454761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontal diseases are characterised by a dysregulated and exaggerated inflammatory/immune response to plaque bacteria. We have demonstrated previously that oral keratinocytes up-regulate key molecular markers of inflammation, including NF-κB and cytokine signalling, when exposed to the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether α-lipoic acid was able to abrogate bacterially-induced pro-inflammatory changes in the H400 oral epithelial cell line. Initial studies indicated that α-lipoic acid supplementation (1-4 mM) significantly reduced cell attachment; lower concentrations (<0.5 mM) enabled >85% cell adhesion at 24 h. While a pro-inflammatory response, demonstrable by NF-κB translocation, gene expression and protein production was evident in H400 cells following exposure to P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, pre-incubation of cells with 0.5 mM α-lipoic acid modulated this response. α-Lipoic acid pre-treatment significantly decreased levels of bacterially-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8 protein production, and differentially modulated transcript levels for IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and GM-CSF, TLR2, 4, 9, S100A8, S100A9, lysyl oxidase, NF-κB1, HMOX, and SOD2. Overall, the data indicate that α-lipoic acid exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on oral epithelial cells exposed to periodontal bacteria and thus may provide a novel adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Milward
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Simultaneous Determination of the Endogenous Free α-Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoic Acid in Human Plasma and Erythrocytes by RP-HPLC with Electrochemical Detection. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Organic hydroperoxide resistance protein and ergothioneine compensate for loss of mycothiol in Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:1981-90. [PMID: 21335456 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01402-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mshA::Tn5 mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis does not produce mycothiol (MSH) and was found to markedly overproduce both ergothioneine and an ~15-kDa protein determined to be organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr). An mshA(G32D) mutant lacking MSH overproduced ergothioneine but not Ohr. Comparison of the mutant phenotypes with those of the wild-type strain indicated the following: Ohr protects against organic hydroperoxide toxicity, whereas ergothioneine does not; an additional MSH-dependent organic hydroperoxide peroxidase exists; and elevated isoniazid resistance in the mutant is associated with both Ohr and the absence of MSH. Purified Ohr showed high activity with linoleic acid hydroperoxide, indicating lipid hydroperoxides as the likely physiologic targets. The reduction of oxidized Ohr by NADH was shown to be catalyzed by lipoamide dehydrogenase and either lipoamide or DlaT (SucB). Since free lipoamide and lipoic acid levels were shown to be undetectable in M. smegmatis, the bound lipoyl residues of DlaT are the likely source of the physiological dithiol reductant for Ohr. The pattern of occurrence of homologs of Ohr among bacteria suggests that the ohr gene has been distributed by lateral transfer. The finding of multiple Ohr homologs with various sequence identities in some bacterial genomes indicates that there may be multiple physiologic targets for Ohr proteins.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ashour AE, Abdel-Hamied HE, Korashy HM, Al-Shabanah OA, Abd-Allah AR. Alpha-lipoic acid rebalances redox and immune-testicular milieu in septic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:198-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
32
|
May JM, Qu ZC. Ascorbic acid prevents increased endothelial permeability caused by oxidized low density lipoprotein. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:1359-68. [PMID: 20815791 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.508496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein (mLDL) acutely increases the permeability of the vascular endothelium to molecules that would not otherwise cross the barrier. This study has shown that ascorbic acid tightens the permeability barrier in the endothelial barrier in cells, so this work tested whether it might prevent the increase in endothelial permeability due to mLDL. Treatment of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with mLDL decreased intracellular GSH and activated the cells to further oxidize the mLDL. mLDL also increased endothelial permeability over 2 h to both inulin and ascorbate in cells cultured on semi-permeable filters. This effect was blocked by microtubule and microfilament inhibitors, but not by chelation of intracellular calcium. Intracellular ascorbate both prevented and reversed the mLDL-induced increase in endothelial permeability, an effect mimicked by other cell-penetrant antioxidants. These results suggest a role for endothelial cell ascorbate in ameliorating an important facet of endothelial dysfunction caused by mLDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0475, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
WANG MANYUAN, MOTAFAKKERAZAD ROUHOLLAH, MATSUGO SEIICHI, WADA NAOKI, KONISHI TETSUYA. Activity assay of Lipoamidase, an expected modulator of metabolic fate of externally administered lipoic acid. Inflamm Regen 2011. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.31.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
34
|
Souza GFD, Saldanha GB, Freitas RMD. Lipoic acid increases glutathione peroxidase, Na+, K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced seizures? ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2010; 68:586-91. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2010000400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effects of lipoic acid (LA) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na+, K+-ATPase activities in rat hippocampus during seizures. Wistar rats were treated with 0.9% saline (i.p., control group), lipoic acid (20 mg/kg, i.p., LA group), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., P400 group), and the association of pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.) plus LA (20 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before of administration of P400 (LA plus P400 group). After the treatments all groups were observed for 1 h. In P400 group, there was a significant increase in GPx activity as well as a decrease in AChE and Na+, K+-ATPase activities after seizures. In turn, LA plus P400 abolished the appearance of seizures and reversed the decreased in AChE and Na+, K+-ATPase activities produced by seizures, when compared to the P400 seizing group. The results from the present study demonstrate that preadministration of LA abolished seizure episodes induced by pilocarpine in rat, probably by increasing AChE and Na+, K+-ATPase activities in rat hippocampus.
Collapse
|
35
|
Nitric oxide and thioredoxin type 1 modulate the activity of caspase 8 in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1127-30. [PMID: 20005201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report that nitric oxide (NO) and the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system affect the activity of caspase 8 in HepG2 cells. Exposure of cells to NO resulted in inhibition of caspase 8, while a subsequent incubation of the cells in NO-free medium resulted in spontaneous reactivation of the protease. The latter process was inhibited in thioredoxin reductase-deficient HepG2 cells, in which, however, lipoic acid markedly reactivated caspase 8. The data obtained suggest that extrinsic apoptosis can be subjected to redox regulation before induction of proteolytic damage by caspase 3.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sengupta R, Billiar TR, Atkins JL, Kagan VE, Stoyanovsky DA. Nitric oxide and dihydrolipoic acid modulate the activity of caspase 3 in HepG2 cells. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:3525-30. [PMID: 19822150 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report that dihydrolipoic acid and lipoic acid (LA) plus lipoamide dehydrogenase and NADH denitrosate S-nitrosocaspase 3 (CASP-SNO). In HepG2 cells, S-nitroso-L-cysteine ethyl ester (SNCEE) impeded the activity of caspase 3 (CASP-SH), while a subsequent incubation of the cells in SNCEE-free medium resulted in endogenous denitrosation and reactivation of CASP-SH. The latter process was inhibited in thioredoxin reductase-deficient HepG2 cells, in which, however, LA markedly reactivated CASP-SH. The data obtained are discussed with focus on low molecular mass dithiols that mimic the activity of thioredoxin in reactions of protein S-denitrosation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Sengupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Inoue T, Sudo M, Yoshida H, Todoroki K, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Liquid chromatographic determination of polythiols based on pre-column excimer fluorescence derivatization and its application to α-lipoic acid analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7564-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
38
|
Kinnunen S, Hyyppä S, Oksala N, Laaksonen DE, Hannila ML, Sen CK, Atalay M. alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation enhances heat shock protein production and decreases post exercise lactic acid concentrations in exercised standardbred trotters. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:462-7. [PMID: 19427659 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) expression is an adaptive mechanism against the disruption of cell homeostasis during exercise. Several antioxidant supplementation strategies have been used to enhance tissue protection. In this study, we examined the effects of a redox modulator, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on HSP responses in six standardbred trotters following intense aerobic exercise. DL-LA supplementation (25 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) for five weeks increased the resting levels of HSP90 (1.02+/-0.155 in control and 1.26+/-0.090 after supplementation in arbitrary units) and the recovery levels of inducible HSP70 (0.89+/-0.056 in control and 1.05+/-0.089 after supplementation in arbitrary units) in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, LA increased skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity at rest and lowered the blood lactate concentration during exercise without any changes in the heart rate. LA had no effect on concentrations of HSP60, HSP25 or GRP75 in skeletal muscle. LA decreased the exercise-induced increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase concentrations during recovery. Our results suggest that LA supplementation may enhance tissue protection and increase oxidative capacity of the muscle in horse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kinnunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
The evaluation of effects of lipoic acid on the lipid peroxidation, nitrite formation and antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus of rats after pilocarpine-induced seizures. Neurosci Lett 2009; 455:140-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
40
|
Bist R, Bhatt DK. The evaluation of effect of alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E on the lipid peroxidation, gamma-amino butyric acid and serotonin level in the brain of mice (Mus musculus) acutely intoxicated with lindane. J Neurol Sci 2008; 276:99-102. [PMID: 18950802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of lindane, in mice and the protective potential of two antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin E, against the observed lindane induced toxicity. 7-8 weeks old healthy Swiss mice were administered acute doses of lindane (40 mg/kg b.w.) or antioxidants or both subcutaneously and analyzed 18 h later. ALA and vitamin E were used in the combination for neuroprotection in the concentration of 20 mg/kg b.w. and 50 mg/kg b.w. respectively. Lipid peroxidation, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and serotonin level were used as biochemical test of toxic action for lindane induced acute toxicity. Protective effects of ALA and vitamin E were also evaluated on the same parameters. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level served as an index for determining the extent of lipid peroxidation. Treatment of lindane to normal control animals resulted in a significant decrease and increase in GSH (P<0.01) and TBARS level (P<0.01) respectively in crude homogenate of whole brain. Antioxidants treatment significantly altered the level of GSH (P<0.01) and TBARS (P<0.01). GABA and serotonin level in whole brain as well as in different regions of brain were measured. Main brain regions under the investigation were olfactory lobe, cerebrum, hippocampus-hypothalamus, cerebellum and pons-medulla. Critical difference (CD) of GABA level in various groups was found significant at 1% in cerebrum and hippocampus-hypothalamus, at 5% in whole brain, cerebellum and pons-medulla (i.e. P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Change in serotonin level in whole brain as well as in all studied brain regions of various groups was found significant at 1% CD (i.e. P<0.01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Bist
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali (Raj), India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Petersen Shay K, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Hagen TM. Is alpha-lipoic acid a scavenger of reactive oxygen species in vivo? Evidence for its initiation of stress signaling pathways that promote endogenous antioxidant capacity. IUBMB Life 2008; 60:362-7. [PMID: 18409172 DOI: 10.1002/iub.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction and oxidation (redox) properties of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) suggest that it may have potent antioxidant potential. A significant number of studies now show that LA and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), directly scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) species and protect cells against a host of insults where oxidative stress is part of the underlying etiology. However, owing to its limited and transient accumulation in tissues following oral intake, the efficacy of nonprotein-bound LA to function as a physiological antioxidant has been questioned. Herein, we review the evidence that the micronutrient functions of LA may be more as an effector of important cellular stress response pathways that ultimately influence endogenous cellular antioxidant levels and reduce proinflammatory mechanisms. This would promote a sustained improvement in cellular resistance to pathologies where oxidative stress is involved, which would not be forthcoming if LA solely acted as a transient ROS scavenger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Petersen Shay
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CK, Lee EY, Kim YG, Mun SH, Moon HB, Yoo B. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-α induced NF-κB activation through blocking of MEKK1–MKK4–IKK signaling cascades. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:362-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
43
|
O'Neill HC, Rancourt RC, White CW. Lipoic acid suppression of neutrophil respiratory burst: effect of NADPH. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:277-85. [PMID: 18158760 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced product dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are potent antioxidants with capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and recycle endogenous antioxidants. LA may increase cellular glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant lacking in the lung's epithelial lining fluid in lung disorders such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Neutrophils (PMN) are key innate responders and are pivotal in clearing bacterial infection, therefore it is crucial to understand the impact LA may have on their function. Circulating neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers and pretreated with LA or diluent. Cells were subsequently activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 100 ng/ml) to induce ROS production. SOD-inhibitable reduction of acetylated cytochrome c demonstrated the PMA-dependent respiratory burst was suppressed by LA. Oxygen consumption also was diminished when PMA-stimulated cells were pretreated with LA. PMN respiratory burst was partially restored by addition of NADPH but not other pyridine nucleotides. LA did not inhibit glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of PMN. These data together suggest that the reduction of LA to DHLA using cellular NADPH may limit the capacity of the PMN NADPH oxidase to produce superoxide. Further studies will be required to determine if LA can diminish excessive superoxide produced by PMN and/or alveolar macrophages in IPF or relevant disease models in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi C O'Neill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Program in Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Is dihydrolipoic acid among the reductive activators of parasite CysHis proteases? Exp Parasitol 2007; 118:604-13. [PMID: 18068706 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Activities of mature CysHis proteases depend upon relative rates of oxidations vs. reductions of catalytic sulfur by multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. CysHis peptidolysis is inhibited by Fe3+ but not Fe2+. Others report the paradox that malarial parasites require exogenous free lipoic acid (LA) from human host, although the apicoplast organelle produces it. Extra-cellular LA disulfide can be taken up and reduced to dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) by reductases of any cell type. Here, the opposing effects of DHLA vs. Fe3+ on the falcipain-2 hemoglobinase were investigated employing Z-Phe-Arg-AMC substrate. Despite limited solubility, non-regenerated DHLA (10 microM, threshold 2 microM) was found to be the most potent activator of the air-inactivated (sulfoxygenated) protease discovered thus far. Activation was preemptively opposed by Fe3+, but not Fe2+. However, cruzain from T. cruzi, and cathepsin B from mammal were indistinguishable in their responsiveness to DHLA and Fe redox. Thus, DHLA activation vs. Fe3+ inhibition is not unique to falcipain-2 or apicomplexans but is rather a primordial feature of CysHis peptidolysis. Free LA and/or unassociated lipoylated enzyme subunits could be among multiple pathways shuttling reducing equivalents to reduction of proteins, including CysHis proteases. It is discussed that opposing DHLA-Fe3+ modification of plasmodial proteolysis might be a specialized adaptation to intra-erythrocytic growth.
Collapse
|
45
|
May JM, Qu ZC, Nelson DJ. Uptake and reduction of alpha-lipoic acid by human erythrocytes. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1135-42. [PMID: 17673195 PMCID: PMC2040502 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reducing capacity of erythrocytes has been used clinically as to estimate resistance to oxidant stress. In this work we targeted the antioxidant capacity of pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductases of these cells by measuring their ability to reduce the disulfide alpha-lipoic acid. METHODS Erythrocyte reduction of alpha-lipoic acid and related disulfides was measured as reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) outside the cells. RESULTS Lipoic acid-dependent DTNB reduction by human erythrocytes required d-glucose and consumed NADPH, but not NADH. This activity was inhibited by carmustine and phenylarsine oxide, as expected if alpha-lipoic acid is reduced by the glutathione and thioredoxin reductase systems. Reduction of hydroxyethyl disulfide, which provides an estimate of total erythrocyte disulfide reduction capacity, was similar to that of alpha-lipoic acid. Erythrocytes incubated with alpha-lipoic acid also reduced extracellular ferricyanide, although rates of dehydroascorbate reduction were several-fold greater, probably because intracellular GSH can recycle ascorbate but not alpha-lipoic acid in erythrocytes. CONCLUSION These results show that alpha-lipoic acid-dependent DTNB reduction provides a simple method to selectively assess the capacity of pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductases of human erythrocytes. When coupled with other non-destructive assays, such as reduction of hydroxyethyl disulfide and ferricyanide, this assay provides a comprehensive approach to assessing erythrocyte reducing capacity in a variety of clinical conditions associated with oxidant stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 715 Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6303, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Satoh S, Toyo'oka T, Fukushima T, Inagaki S. Simultaneous determination of α-lipoic acid and its reduced form by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:109-15. [PMID: 17462965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and DHLA (reduced form of LA) was carried out by HPLC with fluorescence detection. DHLA in the sample was first labeled with ABD-F at room temperature for 10 min and then the LA was labeled with SBD-F at 50 degrees C for 1 h after conversion to DHLA using the reducing agent, TCEP. The resulting fluorophores, ABD-DHLA and SBD-DHLA, were separated by reversed-phase chromatography and detected at 510 nm (excitation at 380 nm). Both fluorophors were completely separated without any interference of endogenous thiols and disulfides in the sample and sensitively detected by fluorimetry. The proposed method was applied to the assay of the LA supplement and the determination in human plasma after the oral administration of LA tablets. The concentration (%) of LA in the tablet was reasonable to the stated amount. Furthermore, the result of a time course study in the plasma after the administration of LA did not differ from a previous report. Thus, the present method seems to be applicable to the simultaneous determination of LA and DHLA in various biological specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Satoh
- Division of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bilska A, Dubiel M, Sokołowska-Jezewicz M, Lorenc-Koci E, Włodek L. Alpha-lipoic acid differently affects the reserpine-induced oxidative stress in the striatum and prefrontal cortex of rat brain. Neuroscience 2007; 146:1758-71. [PMID: 17478054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidative properties of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) are widely investigated in different in vivo and in vitro models. The aim of this study was to examine whether LA attenuates oxidative stress induced in rats by reserpine, a model substance frequently used to produce Parkinsonism in animals. Male Wistar rats were treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg) and LA (50 mg/kg) separately or in combination. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosothiols as well as activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and L-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were determined in the striatum and prefrontal cortex homogenates. In the striatum and prefrontal cortex a single dose of reserpine significantly enhanced levels of GSSG and NO but not that of S-nitrosothiols when compared with control. In the striatum, LA administered jointly with reserpine markedly increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG level. In the prefrontal cortex, such treatment produced only an increasing tendency in GSH level but caused no changes in GSSG content. In both structures LA injected jointly with reserpine markedly decreased NO concentrations but did not cause significant changes in S-nitrosothiol levels when compared with control. Enzymatic activities of GPx and GST were intensified by LA in the striatum. In the prefrontal cortex, GPx activity was not altered, while that of GST was decreased. Gamma-GT activity was attenuated by reserpine in the striatum while LA reversed this effect. Such changes were not observed in the prefrontal cortex. The mode of LA action in the striatum during the reserpine-evoked oxidative stress strongly suggests that this compound may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bilska
- Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 7, Kopernika Street, PL-31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee EY, Lee CK, Lee KU, Park JY, Cho KJ, Cho YS, Lee HR, Moon SH, Moon HB, Yoo B. Alpha-lipoic acid suppresses the development of collagen-induced arthritis and protects against bone destruction in mice. Rheumatol Int 2006; 27:225-33. [PMID: 16944157 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the ability of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) to attenuate the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups and treated with intraperitoneal administration of LA (10 or 100 mg/kg) or placebo. Clinical, histologic, and biochemical parameters were assessed. Human synovial fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured in various concentrations of LA to evaluate the effects on osteoclastogenesis. RESULTS LA was associated with a dose-dependent reduction of CIA, as well as preventing bone erosion and destructive changes. Intracellular reactive oxygen species in lymphocytes obtained from inguinal lymph nodes, which was significantly higher in CIA than control mice, was significantly reduced in CIA by LA. The concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the paws, and synovial NF-kappaB binding, all of which were markedly higher in CIA than control mice, were reduced by treatment with LA. In addition, LA inhibited the formation of human osteoclasts in vitro. CONCLUSION Amelioration of joint disease by LA was associated with reduction in oxidative stress, as well as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine activation and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. Moreover, LA inhibited bone destruction in vivo and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Collectively, these results indicate that LA may be a new adjunctive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
May JM, Qu ZC, Nelson DJ. Cellular disulfide-reducing capacity: an integrated measure of cell redox capacity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:1352-9. [PMID: 16650819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To assess the disulfide reduction capacity of intact cells, EA.hy926 endothelial cells were incubated with alpha-lipoic acid in the presence of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Alpha-lipoic acid was reduced within cells to dihydrolipoic acid, which could be quantified upon efflux from the cells as reduction of DTNB. Uptake of both alpha-lipoic acid and alpha-lipoamide occurred at least in part via a medium chain fatty acid transporter, based on inhibition by octanoate. Alpha-lipoic acid was reduced within cells by pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases, since it is not reduced by GSH and since its reduction was inhibited by carmustine. Nonetheless, reduction was also dependent on the cellular redox environment, since it was inhibited by the redox cycling of menadione, by decreasing intracellular GSH, and by reduction of dehydroascorbate. Together, these results show that alpha-lipoic acid-dependent DTNB reduction provides a simple method to assess the disulfide-reducing capacity of intact cells, especially as determined by pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ha H, Lee JH, Kim HN, Kim HM, Kwak HB, Lee S, Kim HH, Lee ZH. α-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Inflammatory Bone Resorption by Suppressing Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 176:111-7. [PMID: 16365401 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) has been intensely investigated as a therapeutic agent for several pathological conditions, including diabetic polyneuropathy. In the present study, we examined the effects of LA on osteoclastic bone loss associated with inflammation. LA significantly inhibited IL-1-induced osteoclast formation in cocultures of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, but LA had only a marginal effect on osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow macrophages induced by receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). LA inhibited both the sustained up-regulation of RANKL expression and the production of PGE2 induced by IL-1 in osteoblasts. In addition, treatment with either prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or RANKL rescued IL-1-induced osteoclast formation inhibited by LA or NS398, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in cocultures. LA blocked IL-1-induced PGE2 production even in the presence of arachidonic acid, without affecting the expression of COX-2 and membrane-bound PGE2 synthase. Dihydrolipoic acid (the reduced form of LA), but not LA, attenuated recombinant COX-2 activity in vitro. LA also inhibited osteoclast formation and bone loss induced by IL-1 and LPS in mice. Our results suggest that the reduced form of LA inhibits COX-2 activity, PGE2 production, and sustained RANKL expression, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone loss in inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Ha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, DRI, BK21 Program, Seoul National University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|