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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Manini P, Casanova JO, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. extract and leaves (Sangrovit® extra) for all poultry species (excluding laying and breeding birds) (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH). EFSA J 2023; 21:e08052. [PMID: 37304353 PMCID: PMC10251260 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. extract and leaves (Sangrovit® Extra) when used as a zootechnical feed additive (functional group: other zootechnical additives) for all poultry species (excluding laying and breeding birds). The additive is standardised to contain a concentration of the sum of the four alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine and allocryptopine of 1.25%, with 0.5% sanguinarine. Owing to the presence of the DNA intercalators sanguinarine and chelerythrine, a concern for genotoxicity was identified. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) had no safety concerns when the additive is used at the recommended level of 150 mg/kg complete feed (corresponding to 0.750 mg sanguinarine/kg complete feed) for chickens for fattening and other poultry species for fattening. No conclusion can be drawn for poultry reared for laying/breeding. The use of Sangrovit® Extra in poultry species for fattening at the maximum recommended level was considered of low concern for consumers. The additive was shown to be irritant to the eyes but not irritant to skin or a skin sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel could not exclude the potential of the additive to be a respiratory sensitiser. When handling the additive, exposure of unprotected users to sanguinarine and chelerythrine may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of users should be reduced. The use of Sangrovit® Extra as a feed additive under the proposed conditions of use was considered safe for the environment. The additive Sangrovit® Extra had the potential to be efficacious in improving performance of chickens for fattening at 45 mg/kg complete feed. This conclusion was extended to chickens reared for laying/breeding and extrapolated to all poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding.
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Computational Studies of the Photogeneration from Dihydrosanguinarine and the Probable Cytotoxicity Mechanism of Sanguinarine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A computational investigation of the mechanism of dihydrosanguinarine (DHSAN) photoactivation and its conversion into the active drug sanguinarine (SAN) is here reported. The reaction mechanism of DHSAN photoconversion was fully explored by considering its excitation first, essential for generating one of the reactants, the 1O2, and then locating all the minima and transition states involved in the formation of SAN. Both forms of the drug present at physiological pH, namely, iminium cation and alkanolamine, were considered as products of such reaction. The ability of the generated drug SAN to induce cell apoptosis was then explored, taking into consideration two anticancer activities: the induction of DNA conformational and functional changes by intercalation and the absorption of light with proper wavelength to trigger type II photochemical reactions leading to 1O2 sensitization for photodynamic therapy application. Concerning the ability to work as photosensitizers, the outcomes of our calculations prove that DHSAN can easily be converted into the active SAN under visible and NIR irradiation through the application of two-photon excitation, and that the maximum absorption of SAN, once intercalated into DNA, shifts to the near region of the therapeutic window.
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3
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Falese BA, Kolawole AN, Sarumi OA, Kolawole AO. Probing the interaction of iminium form of sanguinarine with human salivary α-amylase by multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Khurana S, Kukreti S, Kaushik M. Designing a two-stage colorimetric sensing strategy based on citrate reduced gold nanoparticles: Sequential detection of Sanguinarine (anticancer drug) and visual sensing of DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119039. [PMID: 33080515 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Distance dependent optical properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles offer designing of colorimetric sensing modalities for detection of a variety of analytes. Herein, we report a simple and facile colorimetric detection assay for an anti-cancer drug, Sanguinarine (SNG) and Calf Thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) based on citrate reduced gold nanoparticles (CI-Au NPs). The electrostatic interaction between SNG and CI-Au NPs induce aggregation of Au NPs accompanied with visible colour change of colloidal solution. The assay conditions like salt concentration, pH and reaction time had been adjusted to achieve highly sensitive and fast colorimetric response. Furthermore, the optimized CI-Au NPs/SNG sensing system is used for the detection of Ct-DNA based on the mechanism of anti-aggregation of CI-Au NPs. The simultaneous presence of SNG and Ct-DNA prevent aggregation of Au NPs owing to preferential formation of Ct-DNA-SNG intercalation complex and colour of the Au NPs solution tends to remain red, depending on the concentration of Ct-DNA in solution. The degree of aggregation and anti-aggregation of CI-Au NPs was monitored using Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements and UV-Visible spectrophotometry by analysing the ratio of absorptions for aggregated and dispersed Au NPs. The intercalation mode of binding between SNG and Ct-DNA in CI-Au NPs/SNG sensing system was determined by Fluorescence spectral studies and UV-thermal melting studies. The absorption ratio (A627/A525) of Au NPs exhibited a linear correlation with SNG concentrations in the range from 0 to 0.9 μM with detection limit as 0.046 μM. This optical method can determine Ct-DNA as low as 0.36 μM and the calibration is linear for concentration range 0 to 5 μM. The proposed sensing strategy enables detection as well as quantification of SNG & Ct-DNA in real samples with satisfactory results and finds application in drug or DNA monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Khurana
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mahima Kaushik
- Nano-bioconjugate Chemistry Lab, Cluster Innovation Centre, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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5
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A spectroscopic deciphering of the differential interaction behavior of alkaloid drugs with native B-DNA and protonated DNA. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Amirbekyan KY, Shahinyan GA, Ghazoyan HH, Sargsyan HR, Markarian SA. Fluorescence anisotropy studies on the Hoechst 33258-DNA interaction: the solvent effect. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4902-4906. [PMID: 32568619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1782267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence anisotropy method was applied to characterize the interactions of DNA minor groove binder Hoechst 33258 with different solvents without and in the presence of DNA. It is important to study the interaction of small molecules with DNA for the purpose of better understanding the mechanism of their action, as well as to design novel and more effective compounds. Spectroscopic study of the ligand in different binary mixed solvents containing DMSO, alcohols and buffer was carried out. Studies were performed without and in the presence of DNA. Fluorescence anisotropy studies reveal the characteristics of Hoechst 33258 in different mixed solvents. The results show the strong dependence of the anisotropy of Hoechst 33258 on solvent content, viscosity and intermolecular interactions. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yu Amirbekyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gohar A Shahinyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Heghine H Ghazoyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hasmik R Sargsyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Shiraz A Markarian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Basu A, Kumar GS. Nucleic acids binding strategies of small molecules: Lessons from alkaloids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1995-2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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8
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Basu P, Kumar GS. Sanguinarine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:155-172. [PMID: 27671816 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products derived from plants as medicines precedes even the recorded human history. In the past few years there were renewed interests in developing natural compounds and understanding their target specificity for drug development for many devastating human diseases. This has been possible due to remarkable advancements in the development of sensitive chemistry and biology tools. Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from rhizomes of the plant species Sanguinaria canadensis. The alkaloid can exist in the cationic iminium and neutral alkanolamine forms. Sanguinarine is an excellent DNA and RNA intercalator where only the iminium ion binds. Both forms of the alkaloid, however, shows binding to functional proteins like serum albumins, lysozyme and hemoglobin. The molecule is endowed with remarkable biological activities and large number of studies on its various activities has been published potentiating its development as a therapeutic agent particularly for chronic human diseases like cancer, asthma, etc. In this article, we review the properties of this natural alkaloid, and its diverse medicinal applications in relation to how it modulates cell death signaling pathways and induce apoptosis through different ways, its utility as a therapeutic agent for chronic diseases and its biological effects in animal and human models. These data may be useful to understand the therapeutic potential of this important and highly abundant alkaloid that may aid in the development of sanguinarine-based therapeutic agents with high efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Basu
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Napelline-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid iminiums from an aqueous extract of “fu zi”: Solvent-/base-/acid-dependent transformation and equilibration between alcohol iminium and aza acetal forms. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Rahman A, Thayyullathil F, Pallichankandy S, Galadari S. Hydrogen peroxide/ceramide/Akt signaling axis play a critical role in the antileukemic potential of sanguinarine. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:273-89. [PMID: 27154977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of apoptosis is a prime hallmark of leukemia. Therefore, drugs which restore the sensitivity of leukemic cells to apoptotic stimuli are promising candidates in the treatment of leukemia. Recently, we have demonstrated that sanguinarine (SNG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, isolated from Sanguinaria canadensis induces ROS-dependent ERK1/2 activation and autophagic cell death in human malignant glioma cells (Pallichankandy et al., 2015; [43]). In this study, we investigated the antileukemic potential of SNG in vitro, and further examined the molecular mechanisms of SNG-induced cell death. In human leukemic cells, SNG activated apoptotic cell death pathway characterized by activation of caspase cascade, DNA fragmentation and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Importantly, we have identified a crucial role for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent ceramide (Cer) generation in the facilitation of SNG-induced apoptosis. Additionally, we have found that SNG inhibits Akt, a key anti-apoptotic protein kinase by dephosphorylating it at Ser(473), leading to the dephosphorylation of its downstream targets, GSK3β and mTOR. Interestingly, inhibition of Cer generation, using acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor, significantly reduced the SNG-induced Akt dephosphorylation and apoptosis, whereas, activation of Cer generation using inhibitors of acid ceramidase and glucosylceramide synthase enhanced it. Furthermore, using a group of ceramide activated protein phosphatases (CAPPs) inhibitor (calyculin A, Okadaic acid, and phosphatidic acid), the involvement of protein phosphatase 1 form of CAPP in SNG-induced Akt dephosphorylation and apoptosis was demonstrated. Altogether, these results underscore a critical role for H2O2-Cer-Akt signaling axis in the antileukemic action of SNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Rahman
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Al Jalila Foundation Research Centre, P.O. Box 300100, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Bhuiya S, Pradhan AB, Haque L, Das S. Molecular Aspects of the Interaction of Iminium and Alkanolamine Forms of the Anticancer Alkaloid Chelerythrine with Plasma Protein Bovine Serum Albumin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:5-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sutanwi Bhuiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ankur Bikash Pradhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Lucy Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Suman Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Kumar GS, Basu A. The use of calorimetry in the biophysical characterization of small molecule alkaloids binding to RNA structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:930-944. [PMID: 26522497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA has now emerged as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. RNA targeted drug design requires detailed thermodynamic characterization that provides new insights into the interactions and this together with structural data, may be used in rational drug design. The use of calorimetry to characterize small molecule-RNA interactions has emerged as a reliable and sensitive tool after the recent advancements in biocalorimetry. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the recent advancements in thermodynamic characterization of small molecules, particularly some natural alkaloids binding to various RNA structures. Thermodynamic characterization provides information that can supplement structural data leading to more effective drug development protocols. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review provides a concise report on the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques in characterizing small molecules, mostly alkaloids-RNA interactions with particular reference to binding of tRNA, single stranded RNA, double stranded RNA, poly(A), triplex RNA. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE It is now apparent that a combination of structural and thermodynamic data is essential for rational design of specific RNA targeted drugs. Recent advancements in biocalorimetry instrumentation have led to detailed understanding of the thermodynamics of small molecules binding to various RNA structures paving the path for the development of many new natural and synthetic molecules as specific binders to various RNA structures. RNA targeted drug design, that remained unexplored, will immensely benefit from the calorimetric studies leading to the development of effective drugs for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Anirban Basu
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
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13
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Rájecký M, Šebrlová K, Mravec F, Táborský P. Influence of Solvent Polarity and DNA-Binding on Spectral Properties of Quaternary Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129925. [PMID: 26091027 PMCID: PMC4474729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids are secondary metabolites of the plant families Papaveraceae, Rutaceae, and Ranunculaceae with anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Their spectral changes induced by the environment could be used to understand their interaction with biomolecules as well as for analytical purposes. Spectral shifts, quantum yield and changes in lifetime are presented for the free form of alkaloids in solvents of different polarity and for alkaloids bound to DNA. Quantum yields range from 0.098 to 0.345 for the alkanolamine form and are below 0.033 for the iminium form. Rise of fluorescence lifetimes (from 2-5 ns to 3-10 ns) and fluorescence intensity are observed after binding of the iminium form to the DNA for most studied alkaloids. The alkanolamine form does not bind to DNA. Acid-base equilibrium constant of macarpine is determined to be 8.2-8.3. Macarpine is found to have the highest increase of fluorescence upon DNA binding, even under unfavourable pH conditions. This is probably a result of its unique methoxy substitution at C12 a characteristic not shared with other studied alkaloids. Association constant for macarpine-DNA interaction is 700000 M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rájecký
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Šebrlová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mravec
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Táborský
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Basu P, Kumar GS. A comparative study on the interaction of the putative anticancer alkaloids, sanguinarine and chelerythrine, with single- and double-stranded, and heat-denatured DNAs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2594-605. [PMID: 25562701 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.1002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation on the interaction of two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine (SGR) and chelerythrine (CHL), with the double-stranded (ds), heat-denatured (hd), and single-stranded (ss) DNA was performed by spectroscopy and calorimetry techniques. Binding to the three DNA conformations leads to quenching of fluorescence of SGR and enhancement in the fluorescence of CHL. The binding was cooperative for both of the alkaloids with all the three DNA conformations. The binding constant values of both alkaloids with the ds DNA were in the order of 10(6) M(-1); binding was weak with hd and much weaker to the ss DNA. The fluorescence emission of the alkaloid molecules bound to the ds and hd DNAs was quenched much less compared to those bound to the ss DNA based on competition with the anionic quencher KI. For both double stranded and heat denatured structures the emission of the bound alkaloid molecules was polarized significantly and strong energy transfer from the DNA bases to the alkaloid molecules occurred. Intercalation of SGR and CHL to ds, hd, and ss DNA was proved from these fluorescence results. Calorimetric studies suggested that the binding to all DNA conformations was both enthalpy and entropy favored. Both the alkaloids preferred double-helical regions for binding, but SGR was a stronger binder than CHL to all the three DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Basu
- a Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- a Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032 , India
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15
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Hazra S, Kumar GS. Physicochemical properties of inclusion complexes of sanguinarine with natural cyclodextrins: spectroscopy, calorimetry and NMR studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10204e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study addresses interpretation of the various physicochemical properties of inclusion complexes of the anticancer plant alkaloid sanguinarine with natural cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Hazra
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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16
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Satpathi S, Gavvala K, Hazra P. Fluorescence switching of sanguinarine in micellar environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Conversion from iminium to alkanolamine form of Sanguinarine, a key member of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid family, is monitored in micellar environments by fluorescence switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Satpathi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune
- Pune (411008)
- India
| | - Krishna Gavvala
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune
- Pune (411008)
- India
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune
- Pune (411008)
- India
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Jash C, Payghan PV, Ghoshal N, Suresh Kumar G. Binding of the Iminium and Alkanolamine Forms of Sanguinarine to Lysozyme: Spectroscopic Analysis, Thermodynamics, and Molecular Modeling Studies. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13077-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5068704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Jash
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division and ‡Structural Biology
and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pavan V. Payghan
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division and ‡Structural Biology
and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Nanda Ghoshal
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division and ‡Structural Biology
and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division and ‡Structural Biology
and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
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18
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Hazra S, Suresh Kumar G. Structural and Thermodynamic Studies on the Interaction of Iminium and Alkanolamine Forms of Sanguinarine with Hemoglobin. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3771-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409764z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Hazra
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory,
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory,
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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19
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Kumar GS, Hazra S. Sanguinarine, a promising anticancer therapeutic: photochemical and nucleic acid binding properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine plant alkaloid with remarkable therapeutic utility. In this article the photochemical and nucleic acid binding properties of this putative anticancer agent is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Soumitra Hazra
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032, India
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Joshi H, Sengupta A, Gavvala K, Hazra P. Unraveling the mode of binding of the anticancer drug topotecan with dsDNA. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rajecky M, Slaninova I, Mokrisova P, Urbanova J, Palkovsky M, Taborska E, Taborsky P. Alkaloid chelirubine and DNA: Blue and red luminescence. Talanta 2013; 105:317-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu F, Sun Y, Shao Y, Xu S, Liu G, Peng J, Liu L. DNA abasic site-selective enhancement of sanguinarine fluorescence with a large emission shift. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185252 PMCID: PMC3502418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that can specifically bind to a DNA abasic site (AP site) have received much attention due to their importance in DNA lesion identification, drug discovery, and sensor design. Herein, the AP site binding behavior of sanguinarine (SG), a natural alkaloid, was investigated. In aqueous solution, SG has a short-wavelength alkanolamine emission band and a long-wavelength iminium emission band. At pH 8.3, SG experiences a fluorescence quenching for both bands upon binding to fully matched DNAs without the AP site, while the presence of the AP site induces a strong SG binding and the observed fluorescence enhancement for the iminium band are highly dependent on the nucleobases flanking the AP site, while the alkanolamine band is always quenched. The bases opposite the AP site also exert some modifications on the SG's emission behavior. It was found that the observed quenching for DNAs with Gs and Cs flanking the AP site is most likely caused by electron transfer between the AP site-bound excited-state SG and the nearby Gs. However, the flanking As and Ts that are not easily oxidized favor the enhanced emission. This AP site-selective enhancement of SG fluorescence accompanies a band conversion in the dominate emission from the alkanolamine to iminium band thus with a large emission shift of about 170 nm. Absorption spectra, steady-state and transient-state fluorescence, DNA melting, and electrolyte experiments confirm that the AP site binding of SG occurs and the stacking interaction with the nearby base pairs is likely to prevent the converted SG iminium form from contacting with water that is thus emissive when the AP site neighbors are bases other than guanines. We expect that this fluorophore would be developed as a promising AP site binder having a large emission shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- Chuyang Honors College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shao
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiying Liu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Hossain M, Kabir A, Suresh Kumar G. Binding of the anticancer alkaloid sanguinarine with tRNA(phe): spectroscopic and calorimetric studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:223-34. [PMID: 22702734 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.677774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the natural plant alkaloid and anticancer agent sanguinarine with tRNA(phe) has been investigated by spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. Sanguinarine iminium binds to tRNA(phe) cooperatively; alkanolamine does not bind but in presence of large tRNA(phe) concentration, a conversion from alkanolamine to iminium occurs resulting in concomitant binding of the latter. The binding affinity of the iminium to tRNA(phe) obtained from isothermal titration calorimetry was of the order of 10(5) M(-1), which is close to that evaluated from spectroscopy. The binding was driven largely by negative enthalpy and a smaller but favourable positive entropy change. The binding was dependent on the [Na(+)] concentration, but had a larger non-electrostatic contribution to the Gibbs energy. A small heat capacity value and the enthalpy-entropy compensation in the energetics of the interaction characterized the binding of the iminium form to tRNA(phe). This study confirms that the tRNA(phe) binding moiety is the iminium form of sanguinarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Hossain
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Zhang J, Du Z, Wei X. Binding of nucleosides with the cytotoxic plant alkaloid sanguinarine: Spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Molecular basis for differential glycine transporters sensitivity to sanguinarine. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:262-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tyagi G, Charak S, Mehrotra R. Binding of an indole alkaloid, vinblastine to double stranded DNA: A spectroscopic insight in to nature and strength of interaction. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 108:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vacek J, Vrublová E, Kubala M, Janovská M, Fojta M, Šimková E, Stýskala J, Skopalová J, Hrbáč J, Ulrichová J. Oxidation of Sanguinarine and Its Dihydro-Derivative at a Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode Using Ex Situ Voltammetry. Study of the Interactions of the Alkaloids with DNA. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hossain M, Khan AY, Suresh Kumar G. Interaction of the anticancer plant alkaloid sanguinarine with bovine serum albumin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18333. [PMID: 21494677 PMCID: PMC3071820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction of the iminium and alkanolamine forms of sanguinarine with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was characterized by spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. Methodology/Principal Findings Formation of strong complexes of BSA with both iminium and alkanolamine forms was revealed from fluorescence quenching of sanguinarine. Binding parameters calculated from Stern-Volmer quenching method revealed that the neutral alkanolamine had higher affinity to BSA compared to the charged iminium form. Specific binding distances of 3.37 and 2.38 nm between Trp 212 (donor) and iminium and alkanolamine forms (acceptor), respectively, were obtained from Forster resonance energy transfer studies. Competitive binding using the site markers warfarin and ibuprofen, having definite binding sites, demonstrated that both forms of sanguinarine bind to site I (subdomain IIA) on BSA. Sanguinarine binding alters protein conformation by reducing the α-helical organization and increasing the coiled structure, indicating a small but definitive partial unfolding of the protein. Thermodynamic parameters evaluated from isothermal titration calorimetry suggested that the binding was enthalpy driven for the iminium form but favoured by negative enthalpy and strong favourable entropy contributions for the alkanolamine form, revealing the involvement of different molecular forces in the complexation. Conclusions/Significance The results suggest that the neutral alkanolamine form binds to the protein more favourably compared to the charged iminium, in stark contrast to the reported DNA binding preference of sanguinarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Hossain
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asma Yasmeen Khan
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Miskolczy Z, Megyesi M, Tárkányi G, Mizsei R, Biczók L. Inclusion complex formation of sanguinarine alkaloid with cucurbit[7]uril: inhibition of nucleophilic attack and photooxidation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 9:1061-70. [PMID: 21152661 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of sanguinarine, a biologically active natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid, in cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) was studied by NMR and ground-state absorption spectroscopy, as well as steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements in aqueous solution. The iminium form of sanguinarine (SA(+)) produces very stable 1 : 1 inclusion complex with CB7 (K = 1.0 × 10(6) M(-1)), whereas the equilibrium constant for the binding of the second CB7 is about 3 orders of magnitude smaller. Marked fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime enhancements are found upon encapsulation of SA(+) due to the deceleration of the radiationless deactivation from the single-excited state, but the fluorescent properties of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes barely differ. The equilibrium between the iminium and alkanolamine forms is shifted 3.69 pK unit upon addition of CB7 as a consequence of the preferential encapsulation of the iminium form and the protection of the 6 position of sanguinarine against the nucleophilic attack by hydroxide anion. On the basis of thermodynamic cycle, about 225 M(-1) is estimated for the equilibrium constant of the complexation between the alkanolamine form of sanguinarine (SAOH) and CB7. The confinement in the CB7 macrocycle can be used to impede the nucleophilic addition of OH(-) to SA(+) and to hinder the photooxidation of SAOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Miskolczy
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 17, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
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Chowdhury SR, Islam MM, Kumar GS. Binding of the anticancer alkaloid sanguinarine to double stranded RNAs: insights into the structural and energetics aspects. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1265-76. [PMID: 20442937 DOI: 10.1039/b927001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular aspects of small molecule-RNA complexation is of prime importance for rational RNA targeted drug design strategies. Towards this, the interaction of the cytotoxic plant alkaloid sanguinarine to three double stranded ribonucleic acids, poly (A).poly(U), poly(I).poly(C) and poly(C).poly(G) was studied using various biophysical and thermodynamic techniques. Absorbance and fluorescence studies showed that the alkaloid bound cooperatively to these RNAs with binding affinities of the order 10(4) M(-1). Fluorescence quenching and hydrodynamic studies gave evidence for intercalation of sanguinarine to these RNA duplexes. Isothermal titration calorimetric studies revealed that the binding was characterized by negative enthalpy and positive entropy changes and the affinity constants derived were in agreement with the overall binding affinity values obtained from spectroscopic data. The binding of sanguinarine stabilized the melting of poly(A). poly(U) and poly(I).poly(C) and the binding data evaluated from the melting data were in agreement with that obtained from other techniques. The overall binding affinity of sanguinarine to these double stranded RNAs varied in the order, poly(A).poly(U) > poly(I).poly(C) >> poly(C).poly(G). The temperature dependence of the enthalpy changes afforded negative values of heat capacity changes for the binding of sanguinarine to poly(A).poly(U) and poly(I).poly(C), suggesting substantial hydrophobic contribution in the binding process. Further, enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomena was also seen in poly(A).poly(U) and poly(I).poly(C) systems that correlated to the strong binding involving a multiplicity of weak noncovalent interactions compared to the weak binding with poly(C).poly(G). These results further advance our understanding on the binding of small molecules that are specific binders to double stranded RNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebanti Roy Chowdhury
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Bhadra K, Kumar GS. Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid-binding isoquinoline alkaloids: Binding aspects and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev 2010; 31:821-62. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Maiti M, Kumar GS. Polymorphic nucleic Acid binding of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and their role in cancer. J Nucleic Acids 2009; 2010. [PMID: 20814427 PMCID: PMC2915887 DOI: 10.4061/2010/593408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive alkaloids occupy an important position in applied chemistry and play an indispensable role in medicinal chemistry. Amongst them, isoquinoline alkaloids like berberine, palmatine and coralyne of protoberberine group, sanguinarine of the benzophenanthridine group, and their derivatives represent an important class of molecules for their broad range of clinical and pharmacological utility. In view of their extensive occurrence in various plant species and significantly low toxicities, prospective development and use of these alkaloids as effective anticancer agents are matters of great current interest. This review has focused on the interaction of these alkaloids with polymorphic nucleic acid structures (B-form, A-form, Z-form, HL-form, triple helical form, quadruplex form) and their topoisomerase inhibitory activity reported by several research groups using various biophysical techniques like spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, thermal melting, circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, viscosity, isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, molecular modeling studies, and so forth, to elucidate their mode and mechanism of action for structure-activity relationships. The DNA binding of the planar sanguinarine and coralyne are found to be stronger and thermodynamically more favoured compared to the buckled structure of berberine and palmatine and correlate well with the intercalative mechanism of sanguinarine and coralyne and the partial intercalation by berberine and palmatine. Nucleic acid binding properties are also interpreted in relation to their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Maiti
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), Kolkata 700032, India
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Giri P, Suresh Kumar G. Molecular recognition of poly(A) targeting by protoberberine alkaloids: in vitro biophysical studies and biological perspectives. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 6:81-8. [PMID: 20024069 DOI: 10.1039/b910706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of small molecules to specifically control important cellular functions through binding to nucleic acids is an area of major current interest at the interface of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. The polyadenylic acid [poly(A)] tail of mRNA has been recently established as a potential drug target due to its significant role in the initiation of translation, maturation and stability of mRNA as well as in the production of alternate proteins in eukaryotic cells. Very recently some small molecule alkaloids of the isoquinoline group have been found to bind poly(A) with remarkably high affinity leading to self-structure formation. Plant alkaloids are small molecules known to have important traditional roles in medicinal chemistry due to their extensive biological activity. Especially, noteworthy are the protoberberine alkaloids that are widely distributed in several botanical families exhibiting myriad therapeutic applications. This review focuses on the structural and biological significance of poly(A) and interaction of protoberberine alkaloids with this RNA structure for the development of new small molecule alkaloids targeted to poly(A) structures as futuristic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Giri
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Maiti M, Kumar GS. Biophysical aspects and biological implications of the interaction of benzophenanthridine alkaloids with DNA. Biophys Rev 2009; 1:119-129. [PMID: 28509993 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-009-0014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenanthridine alkaloids represent a very interesting and significant group of natural products that exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmacological properties. Among this group of alkaloids, sanguinarine, nitidine, fagaronine, and chelerythrine have the potential to form molecular complexes with DNA structures and have attracted recent attention for their possible clinical and pharmacological utility. This review focuses on the interaction of these alkaloids with polymorphic DNA structures (B-form, Z-form, HL-form, and triple helical form) reported by several research groups employing various physical techniques such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, thermal melting, viscometry as well as thermodynamic analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry to elucidate the mode and mechanism of action at the molecular level to determine the structure-activity relationship. DNA binding properties of these alkaloids are interpreted in relation to their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Maiti
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Urbanová J, Lubal P, Slaninová I, Táborská E, Táborský P. Fluorescence properties of selected benzo[c]phenantridine alkaloids and studies of their interaction with CT DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:997-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Du ZP, Suo QL, Zhang XY, Zhang LW, Wei XH. Spectral studies of the interaction between sanguinarine and guanosine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Reddy NP, Das M. Interaction of Sanguinarine Alkaloid, Isolated From Argemone Oil, With Hepatic Cytochrome P450 in Rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 18:635-43. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510701738439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adhikari A, Hossain M, Maiti M, Suresh Kumar G. Energetics of the binding of phototoxic and cytotoxic plant alkaloid sanguinarine to DNA: Isothermal titration calorimetric studies. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Giri P, Kumar GS. Spectroscopic and calorimetric studies on the binding of the phototoxic and cytotoxic plant alkaloid sanguinarine with double helical poly(A). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Slaninová I, Slanina J, Táborská E. Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--novel cell permeant and red fluorescing DNA probes. Cytometry A 2007; 71:700-8. [PMID: 17549765 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) are naturally occurring compounds isolated from plants in the Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rutaceae families. In addition to having a wide range of biological activities, they are also attractive for their fluorescent properties. We observed interesting fluorescent characteristics in the QBAs-macarpine (MA), sanguirubine (SR), chelirubine (CHR), sanguilutine (SL), chelilutine (CHL), sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) after interaction with living cells. METHODS Water stock solutions of the alkaloids (10-100 microg/ml) were added to intact cells, and after a brief incubation the cells were observed. Human cell lines HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma), and LEP (human lung fibroblasts), and piglet blood were used in the experiments. Blood cells were stained with MA in combination with FITC-conjugated anti-CD45 surface marker antibody. Cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and by flow cytometry. RESULTS All tested alkaloids immediately entered living cells with MA, CHR, and SA binding to DNA. MA showed the best DNA staining properties. Fluorescence microscopy of MA, CHR, and SA stained cells described the nuclear architecture and clearly described chromosomes and apoptotic fragments in living cells. Moreover MA can rapidly represent the cellular DNA content of living cells at a resolution adequate for cell cycle analysis. QBAs were excitable using common argon lasers (488 nm) emitting at a range of 575-755 nm (i.e. fluorescence detectors FL2-5). Spectral characteristics of MA allow simultaneous surface immunophenotyping. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that MA, CHR, and SA stain nucleic acids in living cells. They can be used as supravital fluorescent DNA probes, both in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, including multiparameter analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow. MA binds DNA stochiometrically and can provide information on DNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Slaninová
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Giri P, Kumar GS. Specific binding and self-structure induction to poly(A) by the cytotoxic plant alkaloid sanguinarine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1419-26. [PMID: 17600625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic plant alkaloid sanguinarine was found to bind preferentially and strongly to single stranded poly(A) with an association constant (K(a)) in the range 3.6-4.6 x 10(6) M(-1) in comparison to several nucleic acids. The binding induced unique self-structure formation in poly(A) that showed cooperative melting transition in circular dichroism, absorbance, and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The alkaloid binding was characterized to be intercalation as revealed from fluorescence quenching experiments and was predominantly enthalpy driven as revealed from isothermal titration calorimetry. Sanguinarine is the first and only natural product so far known to induce a self-structure formation in poly(A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Giri
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
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43
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Protoberberine Alkaloids: Physicochemical and Nucleic Acid Binding Properties. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2007_071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Maiti M, Kumar GS. Molecular aspects on the interaction of protoberberine, benzophenanthridine, and aristolochia group of alkaloids with nucleic acid structures and biological perspectives. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:649-95. [PMID: 16894530 DOI: 10.1002/med.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids occupy an important position in chemistry and pharmacology. Among the various alkaloids, berberine and coralyne of the protoberberine group, sanguinarine of the benzophenanthridine group, and aristololactam-beta-d-glucoside of the aristolochia group have potential to form molecular complexes with nucleic acid structures and have attracted recent attention for their prospective clinical and pharmacological utility. This review highlights (i) the physicochemical properties of these alkaloids under various environmental conditions, (ii) the structure and functional aspects of various forms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (B-form, Z-form, H(L)-form, protonated form, and triple helical form) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) (A-form, protonated form, and triple helical form), and (iii) the interaction of these alkaloids with various polymorphic DNA and RNA structures reported by several research groups employing various analytical techniques like absorbance, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, thermal melting, viscosity, and DNase footprinting as well as molecular modeling and thermodynamic studies to provide detailed binding mechanism at the molecular level for structure-activity relationship. Nucleic acids binding properties of these alkaloids are interpreted in relation to their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Maiti
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Weerasinghe P, Hallock S, Tang SC, Trump B, Liepins A. Sanguinarine overcomes P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistance via induction of apoptosis and oncosis in CEM-VLB 1000 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 58:21-30. [PMID: 16735106 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Permeability-glycoprotein (Pgp) positive cells are known to be encoded by the multidrug-resistance gene (MDR1), and characterized by a reduced ability to accumulate drugs. The vinblastin-resistant, Pgp positive CEM-VLB 1000 and its wild type (Pgp-negative and vinblastin-sensitive) counterpart CEM-T4 human leukemia cells, when treated with the alkaloid sanguinarine, were both found to undergo apoptosis at concentrations of 1.5 microg/ml and oncosis/blister cell death (BCD) at concentrations of 12.5 microg/ml. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of sanguinarine to overcome Pgp-mediated multidrug-resistance (MDR), and also to characterize the cell death processes of apoptosis and oncosis (or bimodal cell death) induced by sanguinarine in MDR cells. The cell death processes of apoptosis and oncosis in CEM-VLB 1000 and CEM-T4 cell lines were found to be qualitatively similar when assessed by light microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) end-labeling, annexin-V-binding, trypan blue exclusion and western blot analysis. Western blotting revealed an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3 in apoptosis but not oncosis in both cell lines. The Pgp-positive CEM-VLB 1000 cells and their wild type CEM-T4 cells were both equally sensitive to sanguinarine. Thus, sanguinarine may overcome the phenomenon of Pgp-mediated MDR by inducing apoptosis through increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activating caspase-3, and oncosis, which involved neither.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Weerasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Phillip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6.
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Bai LP, Zhao ZZ, Cai Z, Jiang ZH. DNA-binding affinities and sequence selectivity of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and nitidine. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5439-45. [PMID: 16730995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study on the intercalating binding of sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and nitidine with CT DNA, poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT), and seven sequence-designed double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides has been performed using fluorometric and spectrophotometric techniques, aiming at providing insights into their sequence selectivity for DNA-binding. The results show that both sanguinarine and nitidine bind preferentially to DNA containing alternating GC base pairs [d(TGCGCA)(2)], while chelerythrine exhibits quite distinct sequence selectivity from sanguinarine, which shows a high specificity for DNA containing contiguous GC base pairs [5'-TGGGGA-3'/3'-ACCCCT-5'].
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong
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Karp JM, Rodrigo KA, Pei P, Pavlick MD, Andersen JD, McTigue DJ, Fields HW, Mallery SR. Sanguinarine activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon associated metabolic pathways in human oral keratinocytes and tissues. Toxicol Lett 2005; 158:50-60. [PMID: 15993743 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Revised: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine's use in human clinical applications is currently controversial. While some studies have demonstrated sanguinarine's anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, other investigations reported sanguinarine's procarcinogenic effects. Like the tobacco-associated carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), sanguinarine is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). PAH exposure activates the aryl hydrocarbon transcription activating factor (AhR), resulting in nuclear translocation, binding to the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT), which thereby increases expression of a pool of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes. The goal of this study was to investigate whether sanguinarine activates this PAH-associated signaling cascade in human oral cells and tissues. Our results demonstrate that sanguinarine: (i) results in formation of the AhR-ARNT complex, (ii) induces AhR-associated gene expression, (iii) inhibits cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP 1A1) microsomal oxidative activity and (iv) pretreatment upregulates CYP 1A1 function. Collectively, these data provide evidence that sanguinarine activates PAH-associated signaling and metabolic pathways. Notably, previous studies have demonstrated that mammalian hepatic microsomes metabolize sanguinarine to a mutagenic epoxide. Persons who respond to sanguinarine exposure with induction of primarily Phase I relative to Phase II enzymes are, therefore, at risk for sanguinarine bioactivation and its potential mutagenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Karp
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Ansari KM, Dhawan A, Khanna SK, Das M. In vivo DNA damaging potential of sanguinarine alkaloid, isolated from argemone oil, using alkaline Comet assay in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:147-53. [PMID: 15582207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of mustard oil contaminated with argemone oil is well known to cause clinical manifestation referred to as "Epidemic Dropsy". Our prior studies have shown that argemone oil produces genotoxic effects in mice [Ansari, K.M., et al., 2004. Int. J. Cancer 112, 890]. Since, sanguinarine alkaloid is the major component of argemone oil, the in vivo DNA damaging potential of the isolated alkaloid was investigated in blood and bone marrow cells of mice using alkaline Comet assay. Swiss albino male mice were given single intraperitoneal administration of 1.35, 2.70, 5.40, 10.80 and 21.60 mg sanguinarine alkaloid/kg b wt., while controls were treated with saline in the same manner. The results revealed a dose dependent increase in DNA damage in blood and bone marrow cells following 24 h treatment of sanguinarine alkaloid. All the three parameters of Comet assay including olive tail moment (OTM), tail length and tail DNA showed significant (p<0.05) increases in blood and bone marrow cells at respective doses of 10.80 and 5.40 mg alkaloid/kg b wt. However, some of the parameters were significantly increased even at lower doses of sanguinarine alkaloid (2.70 mg/kg b wt.). The frequency of cells exhibiting greater DNA damage were found to be increased by sanguinarine alkaloid in a concentration dependent manner. These results indicate that single exposure of sanguinarine alkaloid causes DNA damage in blood and bone marrow cells of mice, which could be responsible for the genotoxicity of argemone oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar M Ansari
- Food Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India
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Hoellinger H, Re M, Deroussent A, Singh RP, Cresteil T. Quantitative liquid chromatographic determination of sanguinarine in cell culture medium and in rat urine and plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 799:195-200. [PMID: 14670737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, extracted from the argemone oil, which produced severe human intoxications. To investigate the sanguinarine biotransformation, we develop a simple extraction process and a high performance liquid chromatographic separation coupled to a sensitive fluorometric detection of sanguinarine in cell culture medium, as well as in rat urine and plasma. After extraction with an acidified organic solvent, sanguinarine elution is performed within 15 min on a Nucleosil C18 column with a gradient using 0.2% formic acid/water/acetonitrile as mobile phase. Extracted and standard sanguinarine are characterized by mass spectrometry. The extraction recovery of sanguinarine is about 80% in cell culture medium and in rat urine, but lower in plasma. This convenient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method allows to quantify sanguinarine over concentrations ranged 10-2000 ng ml(-1). The limit of fluorometric detection is 0.5 ng. Under these conditions, the lower limit of quantification of sanguinarine is 50 ng ml(-1) in cell culture medium and in rat urine and 100 ng ml(-1) in rat plasma. This analytical HPLC method is specific, linear and reproducible in all media and is suitable for quantitative determination of sanguinarine in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Hoellinger
- CNRS UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Cedex, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Ansari KM, Chauhan LKS, Dhawan A, Khanna SK, Das M. Unequivocal evidence of genotoxic potential of argemone oil in mice. Int J Cancer 2004; 112:890-5. [PMID: 15386392 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of mustard oil adulterated with argemone oil leads to a clinical condition, commonly referred to as "Epidemic Dropsy." Since in vitro studies have shown that sanguinarine, an active benzophenanthridine alkaloid of argemone oil, intercalates DNA molecule, the in vivo clastogenic and DNA damaging potential of argemone oil was investigated in mice. Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally administered 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ml/kg body wt. of argemone oil to analyze chromosome aberrations and micronucleus test, while 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg body wt. were given for alkaline comet assay. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronucleated erythrocytes formation in mouse bone marrow cells increased in a dose-dependent manner following argemone oil treatment. However, significant induction in chromosomal aberrations (83%) and micronucleated erythrocytes formation (261%) were observed at a minimum dose of 1.0 ml/kg. The results of comet assay revealed DNA damage in blood, bone marrow and liver cells following argemone oil treatment. Olive tail moment (OTM) and tail DNA showed significant increase in bone marrow (35-44%) and blood cells (25-40%) even at a dose of 0.25 ml/kg body wt. of argemone oil. In liver cells, OTM was significantly increased (20%) at a dose of 0.25 ml/kg, while all the comet parameters including OTM, tail length and tail DNA showed significant increase (31-101%) at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. These results clearly suggest that single exposure of argemone oil even at low doses produces genotoxic effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar M Ansari
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
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