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Singh Chouhan P, Singh D, Purohit P, Sharma G, Kant R, Shukla SK, Chauhan PMS. PPh
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Catalyzed Post‐Transformation Ugi‐4CR Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Spiropyrrolidinochromanones. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Singh Chouhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Deepti Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Pooja Purohit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Sanjeev K. Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Prem M. S. Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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Barthelme A, Richards D, Mellor IR, Stockman RA. A two-directional approach to pyrrolizidines: total syntheses and biological evaluation of alkaloid cis-223B and (±)-xenovenine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10507-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Felluga F, Forzato C, Nitti P, Pitacco G, Valentin E, Zangrando E. Application of 1,3-azomethine ylides derived from α-dicarbonyl compounds and L-proline to the synthesis of pyrrolizidines. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Marcaccini S, Neo AG, Marcos CF. Sequential five-component synthesis of spiropyrrolidinochromanones. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6888-90. [PMID: 19634867 DOI: 10.1021/jo900992w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel, diastereoselective, one-pot, two-step, sequential synthesis of highly functionalized natural product-like spiropyrrolidinochromanones. The process consists of an Ugi four-component condensation of 3-formylchromones with amines, isocyanides, and glyoxylic acids followed by a nucleophilic conjugate addition and intramolecular cyclization. The experimental simplicity and tolerance to a wide variety of substituents makes this method suitable for combinatorial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marcaccini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy.
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Ge SQ, Hua YY, Xia M. Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of novel dispirocyclic frameworks from aza-Claisen rearrangements of Baylis-Hillman amines. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2009; 16:232-236. [PMID: 18848799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 08/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel tetracyclic frameworks of dispiropyrrolizidines can be obtained in moderate to good yields via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with dipolarophiles derived from aza-Claisen rearrangement of Baylis-Hillman amines. The transformations are highly regioselective and stereoselective, affording the desired compounds in reduced time and increased yields under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature. All the products are confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and MS spectra, while their molecular structures are elucidated by X-ray crystallography of a selected sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qin Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
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Clark VC, Raxworthy CJ, Rakotomalala V, Sierwald P, Fisher BL. Convergent evolution of chemical defense in poison frogs and arthropod prey between Madagascar and the Neotropics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11617-22. [PMID: 16087888 PMCID: PMC1187980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503502102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With few exceptions, aposematically colored poison frogs sequester defensive alkaloids, unchanged, from dietary arthropods. In the Neotropics, myrmicine and formicine ants and the siphonotid millipede Rhinotus purpureus are dietary sources for alkaloids in dendrobatid poison frogs, yet the arthropod sources for Mantella poison frogs in Madagascar remained unknown. We report GC-MS analyses of extracts of arthropods and microsympatric Malagasy poison frogs (Mantella) collected from Ranomafana, Madagascar. Arthropod sources for 11 "poison frog" alkaloids were discovered, 7 of which were also detected in microsympatric Mantella. These arthropod sources include three endemic Malagasy ants, Tetramorium electrum, Anochetus grandidieri, and Paratrechina amblyops (subfamilies Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, and Formicinae, respectively), and the pantropical tramp millipede R. purpureus. Two of these ant species, A. grandidieri and T. electrum, were also found in Mantella stomachs, and ants represented the dominant prey type (67.3% of 609 identified stomach arthropods). To our knowledge, detection of 5,8-disubstituted (ds) indolizidine iso-217B in T. electrum represents the first izidine having a branch point in its carbon skeleton to be identified from ants, and detection of 3,5-ds pyrrolizidine 251O in A. grandidieri represents the first ponerine ant proposed as a dietary source of poison frog alkaloids. Endemic Malagasy ants with defensive alkaloids (with the exception of Paratrechina) are not closely related to any Neotropical species sharing similar chemical defenses. Our results suggest convergent evolution for the acquisition of defensive alkaloids in these dietary ants, which may have been the critical prerequisite for subsequent convergence in poison frogs between Madagascar and the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Daly JW. Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2005; 25:513-52. [PMID: 16075378 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-005-3968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents. 2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources. 3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Daly
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Saporito RA, Donnelly MA, Hoffman RL, Garraffo HM, Daly JW. A siphonotid millipede (Rhinotus) as the source of spiropyrrolizidine oximes of dendrobatid frogs. J Chem Ecol 2004; 29:2781-6. [PMID: 14969363 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000008065.28364.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Poison frogs of the neotropical family Dendrobatidae contain a wide variety of lipophilic alkaloids, which are accumulated from alkaloid-containing arthropods. A small millipede, Rhinotus purpureus (Siphonotidae), occurs microsympatrically with the dendrobatid frog Dendrobates pumilio on Isla Bastimentos, Bocas del Toro Province, Panamá. Methanol extracts of this millipede contain the spiropyrrolizidine O-methyloxime 236, an alkaloid previously known only from skin extracts of poison frogs, including populations of D. pumilio. Thus, R. purpureus represents a likely dietary source of such alkaloids in dendrobatid frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Saporito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Daly JW. Ernest Guenther award in chemistry of natural products. Amphibian skin: a remarkable source of biologically active arthropod alkaloids. J Med Chem 2003; 46:445-52. [PMID: 12570366 DOI: 10.1021/jm0204845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John W Daly
- Chief, Section of Pharmacodynamics, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0820, USA.
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Skok VI, Farrugia G, Ermilov LG, Miller SM, Szurszewski JH. Patch-clamp recordings of membrane currents evoked during natural synaptic activity in sympathetic neurons. Neuroscience 1998; 87:509-17. [PMID: 9740409 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane currents elicited by colonic distension and by electrical stimulation of the intermesenteric nerve containing colonic afferent nerve fibres were recorded from neurons of the mouse superior mesenteric ganglion at 20 degrees C with the whole-cell patch-clamp method. Electrically-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents reversed at -3.5 mV. At membrane holding voltages of -70 mV and -110 mV, the excitatory postsynaptic currents were characterized by a single exponential decay with a mean (+/- S.E.M.) time-constant of 17.5 +/- 1.3 ms and 15.5 +/- 2.3 ms, respectively. Colonic distension evoked a series of the excitatory postsynaptic currents which ranged in amplitude from 10 to 700 pA (at a membrane holding voltage of -70 mV). Hexamethonium (100 microM) applied only to the ganglion abolished both electrically- and distension-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents, suggesting activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The decay time-course of distension-evoked single excitatory postsynaptic currents was characterized by one, or, less commonly, by two exponentials. The decay time-constant histograms of distension-evoked single excitatory postsynaptic currents exhibited main kinetic components of 8.1 +/- 2.3 ms and 8.2 +/- 2.5 ms (peak +/- S.D.) at -70 and -110 mV membrane holding voltages, respectively. Longer time-constants ranging up to 51 ms were also observed. The number of the distension-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents with a decay time-constant higher than 20 ms, as well as their mean amplitude, were significantly lower at -110 mV than at -70 mV membrane potential levels, in contrast to the currents with a decay time-constant lower than or equal to 20 ms. The results suggest that colonic afferent nerve fibres activate in the mouse superior mesenteric ganglion neurons a few populations of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with different channel kinetics, which are characterized by a lack of voltage sensitivity within -70 to -110 mV membrane potential range, except those with comparatively slow channel kinetics, which are possibly blocked by membrane hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Skok
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
The effects of carbamate anticholinesterases, pyridostigmine and physostigmine, on the function of the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) in TE671 cells was studied, precluding their inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis by carbachol usage. In radioassay, the simultaneous application of carbachol and carbamates dose-dependently decreased carbachol-induced 22Na+ influx, compared with carbachol activation alone. Increasing cell preincubation in the presence of carbamates, however, potentiated influx at low concentrations in a time-dependent manner. This facilitating effect of carbamates, even at high concentrations, was significantly increased by washing out these drugs and was blocked by pretreatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate. Similar results were also obtained in whole-cell patch-clamp study. There were insignificant changes in desensitization properties during facilitation. It is thus supposed that facilitation cannot be explained by the inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis. These results support a previous hypothesis that acetylcholinesterase might modulate nAChR by an unknown mechanism. In addition, the clinical effects of carbamates may be partly attributed to this facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Holladay MW, Dart MJ, Lynch JK. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as targets for drug discovery. J Med Chem 1997; 40:4169-94. [PMID: 9435889 DOI: 10.1021/jm970377o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Nicotine is a very widely used drug of abuse, which exerts a number of neurovegetative, behavioural and psychological effects by interacting with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChRs). These receptors are distributed widely in human brain and ganglia, and form a family of ACh-gated ion channels of different subtypes, each of which has a specific pharmacology and physiology. As human NAChRs have been implicated in a number of human central nervous system disorders (including the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy), they are suitable potential targets for rational drug therapy. Much of our current knowledge about the structure and function of NAChRs comes from studies carried out in other species, such as rodents and chicks, and information concerning human nicotinic receptors is still incomplete and scattered in the literature. Nevertheless, it is already evident that there are a number of differences in the anatomical distribution, physiology, pharmacology, and expression regulation of certain subtypes between the nicotinic systems of humans and other species. This review will attempt to survey the major achievements reached in the study of the structure and function of NAChRs by examining the molecular basis of their functional diversity viewed mainly from pharmacological and biochemical perspectives. It will also summarize our current knowledge concerning the structure and function of the NAChRs expressed by other species, and the newly discovered drugs used to classify their numerous subtypes. Finally, the role of NAChRs in behaviour and pathology will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gotti
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milan, Italy
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Badio B, Garraffo HM, Padgett WL, Greig NH, Daly JW. Pseudophrynaminol: a potent noncompetitive blocker of nicotinic receptor-channels. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53:671-6. [PMID: 9113086 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(96)00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(+/-)-Pseudophrynaminol inhibited carbamylcholine-elicited sodium-22 influx with an IC50 value of about 0.3 microM in both rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (ganglionic-type nicotinic receptor) and human medulloblastoma TE671 cells (neuromuscular-type nicotinic receptor). The inhibition in both cell lines appeared to be noncompetitive in nature. In rat cerebral cortical membranes, pseudophrynaminol had only low affinity (Ki 35 microM) for the agonist site on central nicotinic receptors at which [3H]nicotine binds. Pseudophrynaminol, at 10 microM, had marginal effects on a variety of other central receptors, and even at 100 microM inhibited batrachotoxin-elicited sodium-22 influx in a synaptoneurosomal preparation by only 40%. It had no effect at 30 microM on acetylcholinesterase and was a weak inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase. Thus, pseudophrynaminol appears to be a potent, rather specific, noncompetitive inhibitor of ganglionic and neuromuscular nicotinic receptor-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Badio
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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