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BENDIXEN G. THE INFLUENCE OF TUBERCULOLIPIDS ON THE TYPE OF HYPERSENSITIVITY. ACTA PATHOLOGICA MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 57:222-34. [PMID: 13967362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1963.tb03446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cummings MM. An evaluation of the possible relationship of pine pollen to sarcoidosis (a critical summary). ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 425:48-50. [PMID: 5884517 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1964.tb05696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sorkin E, Boyden SV, Rhodes JM. Chemische und biologische Untersuchungen über ein Hämosensitin aus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19560390628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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DAVIS BD. Biosynthetic interrelations of lysine, diaminopimelic acid, and threonine in mutants of Escherichia coli. Nature 2004; 169:534-6. [PMID: 14929228 DOI: 10.1038/169534a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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ASSELINEAU J, LEDERER E. [Recent studies on lipid chemistry of the tubercle bacillus]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 7:281-90. [PMID: 14860160 DOI: 10.1007/bf02150541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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WORK E. The isolation of alpha epsilon-Diaminopimelic acid from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem J 2004; 49:17-23. [PMID: 14848022 PMCID: PMC1197448 DOI: 10.1042/bj0490017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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MACLENNAN AP, RANDALL HM, SMITH DW. The occurence of methyl ethers of rhamose and fucose in specific glycolipids of certain mycobacteria. Biochem J 1998; 80:309-18. [PMID: 13764963 PMCID: PMC1244000 DOI: 10.1042/bj0800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kohashi O, Pearson CM, Tamaoki N, Tanaka A, Shimamura K, Ozawa A, Kotani S, Saito M, Hioki K. Role of thymus for N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine-induced polyarthritis and granuloma formation in euthymic and athymic nude rats or in neonatally thymectomized rats. Infect Immun 1981; 31:758-66. [PMID: 7012019 PMCID: PMC351375 DOI: 10.1128/iai.31.2.758-766.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), produced extremely severe polyarthritis with almost 100% incidence in Rowett euthymic rnu/+ rats, but the same dose of MDP (100 microgram) did not produce the disease in athymic rnu/rnu rats. Five hundred micrograms of MDP or 0.2 mg of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG, however, produced mild and transient polyarthritis in nude rats with very low incidence. We have not yet succeeded in reconstituting the disease susceptibility of nude rats by using thymus cells from normal rnu/+ rats. After intradermal inoculation of 100 microgram of MDP, nude rats developed small granulomas with a little necrosis and very few multinucleated giant cells only in the regional lymph nodes, whereas, in addition to the development of polyarthritis, euthymic rnu/+ rats developed typical granuloma with massive necrosis accompanied by numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and sparse multinucleated giant cells in the regional lymph nodes. Thymus cell-reconstituted rnu/rnu rats developed granuloma with sparse giant cells, relatively large areas of necrosis, and many polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Neonatal thymectomy may depress adjuvant-induced arthritis in the high-responder Lewis rats and enhance the disease development in the low-responder F344 rats. These findings suggested that (i) thymus plays an important role in promoting the development of MDP-induced arthritis; (ii) MDP-induced granuloma formation does not require thymus functions; (iii) the thymus functions may however be involved in the development of massive necrosis surrounded by considerable polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, the mechanisms of which remain to be determined; and (iv) there is no direct correlation between granuloma formation and development of adjuvant arthritis.
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Abstract
A lipid complement-fixing group antigen is shared by all chlamydiae including trachoma organisms. A water-soluble polysaccharide antigen was obtained by alkali saponification from partially purified water-insoluble lipid antigen preparations made from three trachoma strains. The extracted antigen failed to fix complement with antibody but was capable, as a hapten, of inhibiting complement fixation by prior reaction with the antibody. This antigen diffused readily in agarose, producing a reaction of identity with several trachoma strains. The antigen could also be absorbed onto untreated rabbit red blood cells for passive hemagglutination. It is concluded that polysaccharide antigen is responsible for the group reactivity of these organisms and can be obtained from the lipid antigen by alkali saponification.
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David HL, Goldman DS, Takayama K. Inhibition of the Synthesis of Wax D Peptidoglycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by d-Cycloserine. Infect Immun 1970; 1:74-7. [PMID: 16557697 PMCID: PMC415857 DOI: 10.1128/iai.1.1.74-77.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic d-cycloserine inhibits the synthesis of the wax D peptidoglycolipid in cells of the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This inhibition occurs at a lower concentration of the drug than that required for the inhibition of growth. The inhibition is completely reversed by d-alanine. An arabino-galactan-galactosamine-(diaminopimelic acid)-mycolate accumulates in H37Ra cells exposed to the antibiotic. The chemical and functional group analyses of this lipid suggests it to be a possible precursor to the synthesis of wax D.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L David
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, and the Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Sato H, Motomiya M, Fukushi K, Fujimoto M, Oka S. Wax D fraction of an unclassified Mycobacterium strain. J Bacteriol 1969; 100:469-74. [PMID: 5344106 PMCID: PMC315415 DOI: 10.1128/jb.100.1.469-474.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wax D prepared from the P-6 strain of the scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum constituted 0.3% of the dry bacilli. In the acid hydrolysates, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and mesodiaminopimelic acid were found as amino acid constituents. Mannose, galactose, and glucosamine were detected by paper chromatography. However, arabinose could not be detected. The quantity of hexosamine was 0.2 to 0.3%. Wax D of P-6 was found to be adjuvant-active, as revealed by a positive corneal reaction. The antigenicity of wax D of P-6 was shown by the agglutination reaction between the suspension of wax D and the anti-wax D antiserum. Periodate oxidation of the hydrosoluble portion reduced the inhibitory effect of the hydrosoluble portion on agglutination of the suspension of wax D. The light fraction of wax D had a peptide portion consisting of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and diaminopimelic acid and was found to be adjuvant-active in an amount of 1,000 mug.
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Birnbaum SE, Affronti LF. Mycobacterial polysaccharides. II. Comparison of polysaccharides from strains of four species of mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 1969; 100:58-63. [PMID: 4981066 PMCID: PMC315358 DOI: 10.1128/jb.100.1.58-63.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from chemical and serological studies indicates that a cellular heteropolysaccharide, also found in lipid extracts and culture filtrate, is present as a group antigen in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and in other strains of mycobacteria representing M. kansasii, scotochromogenic and Battey strains. Polysaccharides from the four strains contain the same main sugars, arabinose, and galactose, as revealed by thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric studies. In Ouchterlony gel diffusions, bands of identity are produced between the polysaccharides by using rabbit antiserum prepared against any of the four mycobacteria. Immune adsorption studies also confirm the presence of identical antigenic determinant groups. In skin tests with tuberculopolysaccharide I, a skin reaction of about equal size was elicited in guinea pigs sensitized with either M. tuberculosis H37Ra or heterologous mycobacterial antigens in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. In animals sensitized with M. tuberculosis H37Ra, skin tests with both homologous and heterologous polysaccharides elicited similar responses.
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Vilkas E, Delaumeny JM, Nacasch C. Sur la structure du polysaccharide des cites D d'une souche humaine virulente de mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ross GW, Singleton L, Chanter KV. Isolation of a peptidoglycolipid from M. johnei and its possible use in intradermal tests. J Comp Pathol 1967; 77:255-62. [PMID: 5004249 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(67)90034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Schwabe HK, Tünnerhoff FK, Hüttl C. Die Corticoide in der Behandlung der Lungentuberkulose Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen. Lung 1962. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02146526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schwabe HK, Hüttl C. Die Corticoide in der Behandlung der Lungentuberkulose Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen. Lung 1962. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02144562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Noll H. THE CHEMISTRY OF SOME NATIVE CONSTITUENTS OF THE PURIFIED WAX OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. J Biol Chem 1957. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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TSUMITA T. Studies on the lipid of BCG. I. Glyceryl mono-mycolate in wax C fraction of the lipid of BCG. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1956; 9:205-16. [PMID: 13415762 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.9.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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COLOVER J, CONSDEN R. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis produced by tubercle bacillus residues. Nature 1956; 177:749-50. [PMID: 13321950 DOI: 10.1038/177749a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Woolley D, Schaffner G, Braun AC. ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF STRUCTURE OF A NEW AMINO ACID CONTAINED WITHIN THE TOXIN OF PSEUDOMONAS TABACI. J Biol Chem 1952. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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GENDRE T, LEDERER E. Sur la présence de l'acide α, ϵ-diamino-pimélique dans diverses souches de mycobactéries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1952; 8:49-55. [PMID: 14904468 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(52)90006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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WORK E. Chromatographic investigations of amino acids from micro-organisms II. Isolation of two unknown substances from Corynebacterium Diphtheriae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1950; 5:204-9. [PMID: 15433996 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(50)90165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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