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Uchino A, Saito Y, Oonuma S, Murayama S, Yagishita S, Kitamoto T, Hasegawa K. An autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129. Neuropathology 2023; 43:486-495. [PMID: 37253452 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The typical clinical manifestations of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are rapid-progressive dementia and myoclonus. However, the diagnosis of atypical sCJD can be challenging due to its wide phenotypic variations. We report an autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129. An 81-year-old woman presented with memory loss without motor symptoms. Seventeen months after the onset, her spontaneous language production almost disappeared. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) showed hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex while electroencephalogram (EEG) showed nonspecific change. 14-3-3 protein and real-time qualing-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) of cerebrospinal fluid were negative. She died at age 85, 3.5 years after the onset. Pathological investigation revealed spongiform change, severe neuronal loss, and gliosis in the cerebral cortex. Mild to moderate neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia. PrP immunostaining revealed plaque-like, dotlike, and synaptic structures in the cerebral cortex and small plaque-like structures in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Analysis of PRNP showed no pathogenic mutations, and Western blot examination revealed the lack of a diglycosylated band consistent with VPSPr. The present case, which is the first report on a VPSPr case in Japan, supports previously published evidence that VPSPr cases can present variable and nonspecific clinical presentations. Because a small number of VPSPr cases can show typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change in sCJD. We should investigate the possibility of VPSPr in a differential diagnosis with atypical dementia that presented DWIs of high intensity in the cortex, even though 14-3-3 proteins and RT-QuIC are both negative. In addition, VPSPr cases can take a longer clinical course compared to that of sCJD, and long-term follow-up is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Uchino
- Department of Preventive Medical Center, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Oonuma
- Department of Neurology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development & Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Yagishita
- Department of Neurology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
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Honda H, Matsuzono K, Satoh K, Fujisawa M, Suzuki SO, Furuyama C, Kitamoto T, Fujimoto S, Abe K, Iwaki T. Detection of cutaneous prion protein deposits could help diagnose GPI-anchorless prion disease with neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2133-2137. [PMID: 33420752 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To investigate prion protein (PrP) deposits in cutaneous tissues of patients of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchorless prion diseases with neuropathy. METHODS Cutaneous tissue samples from three patients with GPI-anchorless prion diseases were obtained, two cutaneous biopsy samples from the lower leg of Case 1 (Y162X) and Case 3 (D178fs25), and a cutaneous sample taken from the abdomen during an autopsy of Case 2 (D178fs25). We performed immunohistochemistry for PrP to look for abnormal PrP deposits. RESULTS PrP deposits were observed in the dermal papilla, the sweat glands, the hair follicles, the arrector pili muscles, and peripheral nerves of all examined cases of GPI-anchorless prion disease with neuropathy. The abnormal PrP accumulation was frequently localized at the basement membrane, and colocalized with laminin. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical detection of PrP in cutaneous samples could be used to definitively diagnose GPI-anchorless PrP disease with neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuzono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kota Satoh
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School for Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Furuyama
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeru Fujimoto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mustazza C, Sbriccoli M, Borioni A, Ferretti R, Del Giudice MR. New fluorinated 1,4-bis-(arylaminomethyl)- and 1,4-bis-(arylaminomethylene)benzenes as fluorescent probes for amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shimizu H, Yamada M, Matsubara N, Takano H, Umeda Y, Kawase Y, Kitamoto T, Nishizawa M, Takahashi H. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with an M232R substitution: report of a patient showing slowly progressive disease with abundant plaque-like PrP deposits in the cerebellum. Neuropathology 2009; 29:735-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2009.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smid LM, Vovko TD, Popovic M, Petric A, Kepe V, Barrio JR, Vidmar G, Bresjanac M. The 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene derivative FDDNP labeling reliably predicts Congo red birefringence of protein deposits in brain sections of selected human neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Pathol 2006; 16:124-30. [PMID: 16768752 PMCID: PMC8095915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of conformationally altered proteins prominently characterizes pathogenesis and pathomorphology of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. 2-(1-{6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl) (methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl} ethylidene) malononitrile ([F-18]FDDNP), a hydrophobic, viscosity-sensitive, solvent-sensitive, fluorescent imaging probe has been used with positron emission tomography to visualize brain pathology in the living brain of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Its non-radiofluorinated analog FDDNP was shown to label senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in brain tissue sections. This work aimed at evaluating FDDNP labeling of various protein deposits in fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections of selected neurodegenerative disorders: AD, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Pick disease (PiD), Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy (MSA). Cerebral hypertensive vascular hyalinosis (HVH) was used as negative control. Significant agreement between amyloid histochemical properties and FDDNP labeling of the deposits was established. FDDNP labeling showed high positive predictive value for birefringence in senile plaques and NFTs in AD, prion plaques and amyloid deposits in CAA. No FDDNP labeled structures were observed in HVH, PSP, PiD or MSA tissue sections. Our findings may be of significant value for the detection of neuropathological aggregates with [F-18]FDDNP in some of these disorders in the living brain of human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lojze M Smid
- Laboratory for Neural Plasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Caspi S, Halimi M, Yanai A, Sasson SB, Taraboulos A, Gabizon R. The anti-prion activity of Congo red. Putative mechanism. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:3484-9. [PMID: 9452472 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PrPSc, an abnormal conformational isoform of the normal prion protein, PrPC, is the only known component of the prion, a proteinacious agent that causes fatal neurodegenerative disorders in humans and other animals. The hallmark properties of PrPSc are its insolubility in nondenaturing detergents and its resistance to digestion by proteases. Anions such as Congo red (CR) have been shown to reduce the accumulation of PrPSc in a neuroblastoma cell line permanently infected with prions as well as to delay disease onset in rodents when administrated prophylactically. The mechanism by which such anti-prion agents operate is unknown. We show here that in vitro incubation with CR renders native PrPSc resistant to denaturation by boiling SDS. This resulted from PrPSc conformation, since neither the properties of PrPC nor those of predenatured PrPSc were changed by the addition of CR. CR-PrPSc could only be denatured by the addition of acidic 3 M guanidine thiocyanate. Since in vitro conversion experiments have suggested that partial denaturation may be required for PrPSc to serve as template in the PrPC --> PrPSc conversion, we propose that CR inhibits prion propagation by overstabilizing the conformation of PrPSc molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caspi
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- H Diringer
- Robert Koch-Institut des Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Berlin, Germany
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Doi-Yi R, Kitamoto T, Tateishi J. Immunoreactivity of cerebral amyloidosis is enhanced by protein denaturation treatments. Acta Neuropathol 1991; 82:260-5. [PMID: 1684688 DOI: 10.1007/bf00308810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated paraffin-embedded brain sections from three patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome and three patients with Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia of Alzheimer type using anti-human prion protein antisera and anti-beta/A4 protein antisera after protein denaturation treatments. After incubation with guanidine-thiocyanate, trichloroacetate, and phenol, the immunoreactivity of kuru plaques and senile plaques was enhanced to the same level as the formic acid treatment. These treatments revealed small compact amyloid deposits, amyloid deposits surrounding the plaque cores, and diffuse plaques. Most of these chemicals changed the congophilia of both amyloids. It is possible that these treatments denature amyloid fibril proteins and break down the structure of amyloid fibrils, thus revealing buried epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Doi-Yi
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kitamoto T, Tateishi J, Sato Y. Immunohistochemical verification of senile and kuru plaques in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the allied disease. Ann Neurol 1988; 24:537-42. [PMID: 3071243 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410240410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated paraffin-embedded brain sections from 41 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and from 9 with Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome (GSS) using anti-human prion protein (PrP) antisera (anti-GSS kuru plaque cores and anti-PrP synthetic peptide) and anti-beta protein antiserum. The anti-human PrP antiserum reacted with the plaques in CJD and GSS, with or without degenerative neurites (neuritic components). In addition, the anti-beta protein antiserum immunolabeled kuru plaque-like compact plaques in some cases of CJD. Therefore, previous morphological classifications of the plaques may not always be valid. Senile plaques labeled with anti-beta protein antiserum were evident in 65% of the CJD brains and 50% of GSS brains from patients in their 60s, and in 73% of brains from CJD patients in their 70s, but not in brains from patients under 60 years of age. The incidence of the senile plaques was compatible with the normal aging process and was apparently not accelerated by the disease process of CJD or GSS. These immunostaining approaches using anti-human PrP and anti-beta protein antisera allow classification of plaque types and increase the reliability of the pathological diagnosis in persons with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitamoto
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Japan
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