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Matsuyama N, Uwano T, Hori E, Ono T, Nishijo H. Reward Contingency Modulates Neuronal Activity in Rat Septal Nuclei during Elemental and Configural Association Tasks. Front Behav Neurosci 2011; 5:26. [PMID: 21633493 PMCID: PMC3100519 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that septal nuclei are important in the control of behavior during various reward and non-reward situations. In the present study, neuronal activity was recorded from rat septal nuclei during discrimination of conditioned sensory stimuli (CSs) of the medial forebrain bundle associated with or without a reward (sucrose solution or intracranial self-stimulation, ICSS). Rats were trained to lick a spout protruding close to the mouth just after a CS to obtain a reward stimulus. The CSs included both elemental and configural stimuli. In the configural condition, the reward contingency of the stimuli presented together was opposite to that of each elemental stimulus presented alone, although the same sensory stimuli were involved. Of the 72 responsive septal neurons, 18 responded selectively to the CSs predicting reward (CS(+)-related), four to the CSs predicting non-reward (CS(0)-related), nine to some CSs predicting reward or non-reward, and 15 non-differentially to all CSs. The remaining 26 neurons responded mainly during the ingestion/ICSS phase. A multivariate analysis of the septal neuronal responses to elemental and configural stimuli indicated that septal neurons encoded the CSs based on reward contingency, regardless of the stimulus physical properties and were categorized into three groups; CSs predicting the sucrose solution, CSs predicting a non-reward, and CSs predicting ICSS. The results suggest that septal nuclei are deeply involved in discriminating the reward contingency of environmental stimuli to manifest appropriate behaviors in response to changing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Matsuyama
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima UniversityKagoshima, Japan
| | - Teruko Uwano
- Integrative Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hori
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- Judo Neurophysiotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
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Rodríguez MJ, Prats A, Malpesa Y, Andrés N, Pugliese M, Batlle M, Mahy N. Pattern of Injury with a Graded Excitotoxic Insult and Ensuing Chronic Medial Septal Damage in the Rat Brain. J Neurotrauma 2009; 26:1823-34. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Rodríguez
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Prats
- Departament d'Obstetrícia, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Malpesa
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Andrés
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Pugliese
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Mahy
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Ginecologia, Pedriatria, Radiologia i Medicina Funcional, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Stress-induced changes in sleep and associated neuronal activity in rat hippocampus and amygdala. Neuroscience 2008; 153:20-30. [PMID: 18358618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress increases vulnerability to anxiety and depression. We have investigated the effect of acute immobilization stress in amygdalohippocampal circuits by measuring the electroencephalogram (EEG) in male Wistar rats during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Electrodes were implanted stereotaxically in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus) and the amygdala (lateral nucleus). Prior to the stress, two baseline recordings were taken. Twenty-four hours later rats were exposed once to acute immobilization stress (AIS) session for 2 h. After the release and on subsequent days, electrophysiological changes that occurred due to stress during REM sleep were analyzed by comparing them with baseline measurements. Our results suggest that acute immobilization stress induced significant increase in REM sleep in the first 24 h after the exposure. In addition to changes in the sleep patterns, we have observed increased theta oscillations in CA1 area of the hippocampus with decreased coherence at theta range (4-8 Hz) between hippocampus and amygdala. These results suggest that single exposure to aversive experience such as immobilization stress can lead to dynamic changes in neuronal activities with altered sleep morphology. The results obtained in the present study are comparable to those seen in human patients suffering from panic, and anxiety due to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Risold PY, Swanson LW. Connections of the rat lateral septal complex. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1997; 24:115-95. [PMID: 9385454 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The organization of lateral septal connections has been re-examined with respect to its newly defined subdivisions, using anterograde (PHAL) and retrograde (fluorogold) axonal tracer methods. The results confirm that progressively more ventral transverse bands in the hippocampus (defined by the orientation of the trisynaptic circuit) innervate progressively more ventral, transversely oriented sheets in the lateral septum. In addition, hippocampal field CA3 projects selectively to the caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus, which occupies topologically lateral regions of the transverse sheets, whereas field CA1 and the subiculum project selectively to the rostral and ventral parts of the lateral septal nucleus, which occupy topologically medial regions of the transverse sheets. Finally, the evidence suggests that progressively more ventral hippocampal bands innervate progressively thicker lateral septal sheets. In contrast, ascending inputs to the lateral septum appear to define at least 20 vertically oriented bands or subdivisions arranged orthogonal to the hippocampal input (Risold, P.Y. and Swanson, L.W., Chemoarchitecture of the rat lateral septal nucleus, Brain Res. Rev., 24 (1997) 91-113). Hypothalamic nuclei forming parts of behavior-specific subsystems share bidirectional connections with specific subdivisions of the lateral septal nucleus (especially the rostral part), suggesting that specific domains in the hippocampus may influence specific hypothalamic behavioral systems. In contrast, the caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus projects to the lateral hypothalamus and to the supramammillary nucleus, which projects back to the hippocampus and receives its major inputs from brainstem cell groups thought to regulate behavioral state. The neural system mediating defensive behavior shows these features rather clearly, and what is known about its organization is discussed in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Risold
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-2520, USA
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Abstract
Projection neurons in the rat dorsolateral septal nucleus (DLSN) were retrogradely labeled following intraseptal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Injections of WGA-HRP centered in the medial septum (MS) and parts of the intermediate and ventrolateral subdivisions of the lateral septum retrogradely labeled only a few centrally scattered multipolar-shaped neurons. In contrast, injections placed in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (DBB) consistently resulted in labeling of DLSN neurons of all sizes and shapes. Large injections in rostral DBB appeared to retrogradely label every DLSN neuron, while similar injections in caudal DBB only labeled neurons in restricted regions of the nucleus. A collection of small cells forming the ventricular border of caudal DLSN and a group of larger cells situated in the dorsolateral tip of rostral DLSN were consistently labeled following each DBB injection. The pattern of retrogradely labeled neurons in the DLSN appeared in a complementary fashion to that seen in the other lateral septal nuclei. Our findings support the conclusion that the DLSN is a morphologically heterogeneous nucleus consisting almost entirely of projection neurons. The pattern of retrograde labeling in the lateral septum suggests that these projection neurons may be topographically organized since distinct subpopulations of cells were labeled following different injections in the MS/DBB complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Phelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550, USA
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Morzorati S, Breen TE, Lumeng L, Li TK. Comparison of innate EEG parameters in rat lines selected for ethanol preference. Alcohol 1994; 11:253-8. [PMID: 8060527 DOI: 10.1016/0741-8329(94)90039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Through bidirectional selective breeding, lines of rats that differ greatly in their voluntary alcohol drinking behavior have been developed--namely, the alcohol-preferring (P) and high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) lines and the alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) and low-alcohol-drinking (LAD) lines. The present experiments were designed to determine if an association exists between ethanol preference and features of the electroencephalogram (EEG) during various sleep-wake behaviors. Of the EEG parameters measured, only theta activity in the hippocampus revealed differences in the lines. However, these differences were not generally associated with ethanol preference. The peak frequency and distribution mean of hippocampal theta activity during REM sleep were significantly higher in NP rats than in P, HAD, and LAD rats. In addition, theta frequency during alert immobility tended to be higher in NP rats than in P, HAD, and LAD rats. A qualitative comparison of these data with published data from unselected rats further suggested that the NP rats are uniquely different with respect to theta frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morzorati
- Department of Psychiatry, Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-4887
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Leung LS, Martin LA, Stewart DJ. Hippocampal theta rhythm in behaving rats following ibotenic acid lesion of the septum. Hippocampus 1994; 4:136-47. [PMID: 7951688 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.450040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ibotenic acid lesion of the septum were studied in rats implanted with chronically indwelling electrodes and septal cannula. Each rat served as its own control and the properties of the hippocampal theta rhythm were studied before and after ibotenic acid and control saline infusion into the medial septal area. Ibotenic acid preferentially killed neurons in the lateral septum, and significantly attenuated the hippocampal theta rhythm about 50% bilaterally, at both surface and deep electrodes. The coherence and the phase of the theta rhythm at the CA1 apical dendrites, with respect to a superficial electrode, also declined significantly after ibotenic acid lesion. Pilocarpine (25 mg/kg i.p.) induced a theta rhythm of 7-9 Hz during immobility in the lesioned rats that was significantly higher in frequency than that induced in intact rats (4-6 Hz). In lesioned rats, the theta rhythm during tail pinch under urethane anesthesia was largely abolished, and the theta during walking was attenuated by atropine sulfate (50 mg/kg i.p.). Phencyclidine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) alone, which was inferred to abolish an atropine-resistant theta input, did not affect the power of the walking theta rhythm in either the lesioned or the normal rat. It was concluded that the theta in the behaving rats after ibotenic acid lesion in the septum has a strong atropine-sensitive component, and that it is not predominantly atropine-resistant, as suggested previously. The lack of PCPA effect on the theta phase in intact and lesioned rats also suggested a different view of the atropine-resistant theta in hippocampal region CA1. One possible mechanism of the atropine-resistant theta at the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells may result from rhythmic inhibition by stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons which may be activated by either serotonergic or cholinergic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Leung
- Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Milner TA, Veznedaroglu E. Septal efferent axon terminals identified by anterograde degeneration show multiple sites for modulation of neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in the rat dentate gyrus. Synapse 1993; 14:101-12. [PMID: 8332943 DOI: 10.1002/syn.890140202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and cellular associations of septal efferent terminals identified by anterograde degeneration with neurons containing neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat dentate gyrus were examined quantitatively. For this, the septal complex (i.e., medial septal and diagonal band nuclei) of adult male rats was injected with the neurotoxin ibotenic acid (1%; 150 nl) and following a 2-4-day survival period, the hippocampal formation was processed for the electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of NPY using the avidin-biotin complex method. Terminals with the morphological characteristics of anterograde degeneration, in particular an increase in osmiophilia, and neurons containing NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) were most abundant in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. In this region, degenerating terminals (n = 109) were usually small (0.2-0.4 microns in diameter) and formed both asymmetric and symmetric synapses with small (distal) dendrites. The degenerating terminals contacted either single NPY-containing (19%) perikarya or dendrites or unlabeled (48%) perikarya or dendrites. Some degenerating terminals contacted the same perikarya or dendrites as an NPY-containing terminal (11%); these neurons were either immunoreactive for NPY or unlabeled. The remaining degenerating terminals were either directly apposed without glial intervention to unlabeled and NPY-labeled terminals (11%) or lacked associations with any neuronal processes in the plane of section analyzed (11%). The findings demonstrate that ibotenic acid injections in the septal complex can identify septal efferent terminals by degeneration and provide cellular substrates for the direct synaptic regulation as well as presynaptic modulation of hippocampal NPY-containing neurons by septal efferent terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Milner
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021
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Phelan KD, Twery MJ, Gallagher JP. Morphological and electrophysiological evidence for electrotonic coupling of rat dorsolateral septal nucleus neurons in vitro. Synapse 1993; 13:39-49. [PMID: 8427012 DOI: 10.1002/syn.890130106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow were utilized to evaluate the incidence of dye-coupling among dorsolateral septal nucleus (DLSN) neurons recorded from slice preparations of adult rat septal nuclei. Twenty percent of single injections of Lucifer Yellow resulted in pairs of labeled neurons. These dye-coupled cells were morphologically heterogeneous and did not exhibit any morphological characteristics that could be used to distinguish them from non dye-coupled neurons. The spatial separation of cell bodies and close apposition of dendrites within each pair indicated that the dye transfer site(s) were situated at dendrodendritic and/or dendrosomatic rather than somatosomatic junctions. The main axon of some dye-coupled neurons gave rise to intrinsic axon collaterals prior to exiting the nucleus indicating that these coupled neurons function as projection neurons as well as local circuit interneurons. Electrophysiological recordings of the passive membrane properties and spontaneous activity of individual dye-coupled neurons revealed no significant difference from non dye-coupled cells in the DLSN. Some neurons exhibited spontaneously occurring fast potentials which presumably represent electrotonic potentials. These fast potentials were often tightly coupled with action potentials but could be distinguished from synaptic potentials by their shape and their lack of voltage-dependent changes in amplitude. These morphological and supportive electrophysiological data provide the first indirect evidence for electrotonic coupling of dorsolateral septal neurons. The functional significance of this coupling may lie in the potential for synchronization of the output of the DLSN which could play an important role in the septal maintenance and modulation of hippocampal Theta rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Phelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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Twery MJ, Phelan KD, Gallagher JP. Spontaneous bursting and non-bursting activity in morphologically identified neurons of the rat dorsolateral septal nucleus, in vitro. Neuroscience 1992; 46:669-79. [PMID: 1545915 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90153-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Membrane potential-dependent changes in the repetitive firing properties of morphologically identified rat dorsolateral septal nucleus neurons were investigated in a submerged slice preparation using intracellular recording techniques and lithium acetate-Lucifer Yellow-filled microelectrodes. The results indicate that the majority of dorsolateral septal nucleus neurons are capable of burst firing and suggest, moreover, the existence of neuronal subtypes with distinct differences in spike waveform and the pattern of spontaneous activity. In the largest proportion of neurons, single spike activity predominated at membrane potentials near rest while burst-like discharges prevailed at more hyperpolarized membrane potentials. Less frequently observed were neurons exhibiting different burst waveforms at various membrane potentials. In a few neurons, hyperpolarization slowed neuronal firing but did not elicit burst-like discharges. Characteristics such as the presence of burst or single spike discharges, spike afterpotentials, and the membrane potential dependence of repetitive firing patterns did not appear to be closely associated with membrane time constant, membrane resistance, or resting membrane potential. A detailed examination of the somatodendritic and axonal morphology of the Lucifer Yellow-filled cells revealed that these electrophysiologically identified neurons in the dorsolateral septal nucleus are morphologically heterogeneous. However, there did not appear to be any correlation between a particular somatodendritic morphology and the expression of a distinct spontaneous firing pattern. The present findings demonstrate that neurons in the rat dorsolateral septal nucleus are morphologically diverse and capable of intrinsically generating rhythmic neuronal activity. Similar patterns of rhythmic neuronal firing in vivo may provide a substrate for the integration of afferent neuronal activity and have a central role in intraseptal circuitry necessary for generation of hippocampal theta rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Twery
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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Vanderwolf CH. Cerebral activity and behavior: control by central cholinergic and serotonergic systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1988; 30:225-340. [PMID: 3061969 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Vanderwolf
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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