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Xue N, Svensson B, Bai Y. Structure, function and enzymatic synthesis of glucosaccharides assembled mainly by α1 → 6 linkages - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118705. [PMID: 34742430 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A variety of glucosaccharides composed of glucosyl residues can be classified into α- and β-type and have wide application in food and medicine areas. Among these glucosaccharides, β-type, such as cellulose and α-type, such as starch and starch derivatives, both contain 1 → 4 linkages and are well studied. Notably, in past decades also α1 → 6 glucosaccharides obtained increasing attention for unique physiochemical and biological properties. Especially in recent years, α1 → 6 glucosaccharides of different molecular weight distribution have been created and proved to be functional. However, compared to β- type and α1 → 4 glucosaccharides, only few articles provide a systematic overview of α1 → 6 glucosaccharides. This motivated, the present first comprehensive review on structure, function and synthesis of these α1 → 6 glucosaccharides, aiming both at improving understanding of traditional α1 → 6 glucosaccharides, such as isomaltose, isomaltooligosaccharides and dextrans, and to draw the attention to newly explored α1 → 6 glucosaccharides and their derivatives, such as cycloisomaltooligosaccharides, isomaltomegalosaccharides, and isomalto/malto-polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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2
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Optimization of leucrose production by dextransucrase from Streptococcus mutans and its application as an adipogenesis regulator. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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3
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Immobilization of Glycoside Hydrolase Families GH1, GH13, and GH70: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081074. [PMID: 27548117 PMCID: PMC6274110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are enzymes capable to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates or even between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. Because of the increasing interest for industrial applications of these enzymes, the immobilization of GH has become an important development in order to improve its activity, stability, as well as the possibility of its reuse in batch reactions and in continuous processes. In this review, we focus on the broad aspects of immobilization of enzymes from the specific GH families. A brief introduction on methods of enzyme immobilization is presented, discussing some advantages and drawbacks of this technology. We then review the state of the art of enzyme immobilization of families GH1, GH13, and GH70, with special attention on the enzymes β-glucosidase, α-amylase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, and dextransucrase. In each case, the immobilization protocols are evaluated considering their positive and negative aspects. Finally, the perspectives on new immobilization methods are briefly presented.
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Barea-Alvarez M, Benito MT, Olano A, Jimeno ML, Moreno FJ. Synthesis and characterization of isomaltulose-derived oligosaccharides produced by transglucosylation reaction of Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9137-9144. [PMID: 25175804 DOI: 10.1021/jf5033735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the efficient enzymatic synthesis of a homologous series of isomaltulose-derived oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization ranging from 3 to 9 through the transglucosylation reaction using a dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F. The total oligosaccharide yield obtained under optimal conditions was 41-42% (in weight with respect to the initial amount of isomaltulose) after 24-48 h of reaction. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural characterization indicated that dextransucrase specifically transferred glucose moieties of sucrose to the C-6 of the nonreducing glucose residue of isomaltulose. Likewise, monitoring the progression of the content of each individual oligosaccharide indicated that oligosaccharide acceptor products of low molecular weight acted in turn as acceptors for further transglucosylation to yield oligosaccharides of a higher degree of polymerization. The produced isomaltulose-derived oligosaccharides can be considered as isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) because they are linked by only α-(1→6) bonds. In addition, having isomaltulose as the core structure, these IMO-like structures could possess appealing bioactive properties that could find potential applications as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Barea-Alvarez
- Departamento Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kang HK, Nguyen TTH, Jeong HN, Park ME, Kim D. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel glucansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides LM34. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Semyonov D, Ramon O, Shoham Y, Shimoni E. Enzymatically synthesized dextran nanoparticles and their use as carriers for nutraceuticals. Food Funct 2014; 5:2463-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of enzymatically synthesized dextran nanoparticles to entrap a hydrophobic nutraceutical, the isoflavone genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Semyonov
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ory Ramon
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yuval Shoham
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000, Israel
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7
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Development of an efficient bioprocess for turanose production by sucrose isomerisation reaction of amylosucrase. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Efficient bioconversion of rice straw to ethanol with TiO2/UV pretreatment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:43-8. [PMID: 21909680 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Rice straw is a lignocellulosic biomass that constitutes a renewable organic substance and alternative source of energy; however, its structure confounds the liberation of monosaccharides. Pretreating rice straw using a TiO(2)/UV system facilitated its hydrolysis with Accellerase 1000(™), suggesting that hydroxyl radicals (OH·) from the TiO(2)/UV system could degrade lignin and carbohydrates. TiO(2)/UV pretreatment was an essential step for conversion of hemicellulose to xylose; optimal conditions for this conversion were a TiO(2) concentration of 0.1% (w/v) and an irradiation time of 2 h with a UV-C lamp at 254 nm. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sugar yields from rice straw pretreated with these parameters were 59.8 ± 0.7% of the theoretical for glucose (339 ± 13 mg/g rice straw) and 50.3 ± 2.8% for xylose (64 ± 3 mg/g rice straw). The fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates containing 10.5 g glucose/L and 3.2 g xylose/L with Pichia stipitis produced 3.9 g ethanol/L with a corresponding yield of 0.39 g/g rice straw. The maximum possible ethanol conversion rate is 76.47%. TiO(2)/UV pretreatment can be performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and demonstrates potential in large-scale production of fermentable sugars.
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Kang HK, Kimura A, Kim D. Bioengineering of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucansucrases that gives selected bond formation for glucan synthesis and/or acceptor-product synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4148-4155. [PMID: 21391600 DOI: 10.1021/jf104629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The variations in glucosidic linkage specificity observed in products of different glucansucrases appear to be based on relatively small differences in amino acid sequences in their sugar-binding acceptor subsites. Various amino acid mutations near active sites of DSRBCB4 dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299CB4 were constructed. A triple amino acid mutation (S642N/E643N/V644S) immediately next to the catalytic D641 (putative transition state stabilizing residue) converted DSRBCB4 enzyme from the synthesis of mainly α-(1→6) dextran to the synthesis of α-(1→6) glucan containing branches of α-(1→3) and α-(1→4) glucosidic linkages. The subsequent introduction of mutation V532P/V535I, located next to the catalytic D530 (nucleophile), resulted in the synthesis of an α-glucan containing increased branched α-(1→4) glucosidic linkages (approximately 11%). The results indicate that mutagenesis can guide glucansucrase toward the synthesis of various oligosaccharides or novel polysaccharides with completely altered linkages without compromising high transglycosylation activity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Kang
- Research Institute for Catalysis and School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, Korea
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Kang HK, Yun SI, Lim TY, Xia YM, Kim D. Cloning of levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and its expression in Pichia pastoris. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Goldman D, Lavid N, Schwartz A, Shoham G, Danino D, Shoham Y. Two Active Forms of Zymomonas mobilis Levansucrase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32209-17. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805985200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Synthesis of thermo- and acid-stable novel oligosaccharides by using dextransucrase with high concentration of sucrose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nam SH, Ko EA, Jin XJ, Breton V, Abada E, Kim YM, Kimura A, Kim D. Synthesis of Thermo- and Acid-stable Novel Oligosaccharides by Using Dextransucrase with High Concentration of Sucrose. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2007. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.54.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kang MS, Chung J, Kim SM, Yang KH, Oh JS. Effect of Weissella cibaria Isolates on the Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. Caries Res 2006; 40:418-25. [PMID: 16946611 DOI: 10.1159/000094288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria able to inhibit the in vitro formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm as well as the in vivo formation of oral biofilm. Two strains, CMS1 and CMS3, exhibiting profound inhibitory effects on the formation of S. mutans biofilm and the proliferation of S. mutans, were isolated from children's saliva and identified as Weissella cibaria by 16S rDNA sequencing. The water-soluble polymers produced from sucrose by the W. cibaria isolates also inhibited the formation of S. mutans biofilm. According to the results of thin-layer chromatographic analysis, the hydrolysates of water-soluble polymers produced by the isolates were identical to those of dextran, forming mostly alpha-(1-6) glucose linkages. In the clinical study, the subjects mouthrinsed with a solution containing W. cibaria CMS1 evidenced plaque index reduction of approximately 20.7% (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the W. cibaria isolates possess the ability to inhibit biofilm formation, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Lee JH, Yoon SH, Nam SH, Moon YH, Moon YY, Kim D. Molecular cloning of a gene encoding the sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1149 and the expression in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Argüello-Morales M, Sánchez-González M, Canedo M, Quirasco M, Farrés A, López-Munguía A. Proteolytic modification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2005; 87:131-41. [PMID: 15723174 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-004-2042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple active lower molecular weight forms from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B512F dextransucrase have been reported. It has been suggested that they arise from proteolytic processing of a 170 kDa precursor. In this work, the simultaneous production of proteases and dextransucrase was studied in order to elucidate the dextransucrase proteolytic processing. The effect of the nitrogen source on protease and dextransucrase production was studied. Protease activity reaches a maximum early in the logarithmic phase of dextransucrase synthesis using the basal culture medium but the nitrogen source plays an important effect on growth: the highest protease concentration was obtained when ammonium sulfate, casaminoacids or tryptone were used. Two active forms of 155 and 129 kDa were systematically obtained from dextransucrase precursor by proteolysis. The amino termini of these forms were sequenced and the cleavage site deduced. Both forms of the enzyme obtained had the same cleavage site in the amino terminal region (F209-Y210). From dextransucrase analysis, various putative cleavage sites with the same sequence were found in the variable region and in the glucan binding domain. Although no structural differences were found in dextrans synthesized with both the precursor and the proteolyzed 155 kDa form under the same reaction conditions, their rheological behaviour was modified, with dextran of a lower viscosity yielded by the smaller form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Argüello-Morales
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
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Kang HK, Seo MY, Seo ES, Kim D, Chung SY, Kimura A, Day DF, Robyt JF. Cloning and expression of levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512 FMC in Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1727:5-15. [PMID: 15652153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 10/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512 FMC produces dextran and levan using sucrose. Because of the industrial importance of dextrans and oligosaccharides synthesized by dextransucrase (one of glycansucrases from L. mesenteroides), much is known about the dextransucrase, including expression and regulation of gene. However, no detailed report about levansucrase, another industrially important glycansucrase from L. mesenteroides, and its gene was available. In this paper, we report the first-time isolation and molecular characterization of a L. mesenteroides levansucrase gene (m1ft). The gene m1ft is composed of 1272-bp nucleotides and codes for a protein of 424 amino acid residues with calculated molecular mass of 47.1 kDa. The purified protein was estimated to be about 51.7 kDa including a His-tag based on SDS-PAGE. It showed an activity band at 103 kDa on a non-denaturing SDS-PAGE, indicating a dimeric form of the active M1FT. M1FT levan structure was confirmed by NMR and dot blot analysis with an anti-levan-antibody. M1FT converted 150 mM sucrose to levan (18%), 1-kestose (17%), nystose (11%) and 1,1,1-kestopentaose (7%) with the liberation of glucose. The M1FT enzyme produced erlose [O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside] as an acceptor product with maltose. The optimum temperature and pH of this enzyme for levan formation were 30 degrees C and pH 6.2, respectively. M1FT levansucrase activity was completely abolished by 1 mM Hg2+ or Ag2+. The Km and Vmax values for levansucrase were calculated to be 26.6 mM and 126.6 micromol min-1 mg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Kang
- Engineering Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 500-757, South Korea
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Goulas AK, Fisher DA, Grimble GK, Grandison AS, Rastall RA. Synthesis of isomaltooligosaccharides and oligodextrans by the combined use of dextransucrase and dextranase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Immobilization of dextransucrase and its use with soluble dextranase for glucooligosaccharides synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Kim D, Robyt JF, Lee SY, Lee JH, Kim YM. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512FMCM dextransucrase. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1183-9. [PMID: 12747860 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512FMCM dextransucrase with increasing concentrations of sucrose, from 0.1 to 4.0 M, gave a decreasing amount of high-molecular weight dextran (HMWD) (>10(6) Da) with a concomitant increase in low-molecular weight dextran (LMWD) (<10(5) Da). At 0.1 M sucrose, pH 5.5, and 28 degrees C, 99.8% of the dextran had a MW>10(6) Da and at 4.0 M sucrose, 69.9% had a MW<10(5) Da and 30.1% had a MW>10(6) Da, giving a bimodal distribution. The degree of branching increased from 5% for 0.1 M sucrose to 16.6% for 4.0 M sucrose. The temperature had very little effect on the size of the dextran, which was >10(6) Da, but it had a significant effect on the degree of branching, which was 4.8% at 4 degrees C and increased to 14.7% at 45 degrees C. Both the molecular weight (MW) and the degree of branching were not significantly affected by different pH values between 4.5 and 6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doman Kim
- Faculty of Applied Chemical Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, 500-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Transglycosylation reaction and raw starch hydrolysis by novel carbohydrolase fromLipomyces starkeyi. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02940265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Goyal A, Katiyar SS. Studies on the inactivation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F dextransucrase by o-phthalaldehyde: evidence for the presence of an essential lysine residue at the active site. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 1998; 13:147-60. [PMID: 9629534 DOI: 10.3109/14756369809035833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of inactivation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F dextransucrase by o-phthalaldehyde showed that the reaction followed pseudo-first order reaction. The loss of enzyme activity was concomitant with an increase in fluorescence at 417 nm indicating that the inhibition involved the reaction of an epsilon-amino and a thiol group of the enzyme leading to the formation of an isoindole derivative. The stoichiometry of inactivation showed that one isoindole derivative was formed per enzyme molecule. The substrates sucrose and glucose provided protection against o-phthalaldehyde inactivation which was also corroborated by fluorescence studies. Dextransucrase was not inactivated by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), showing that the cysteine present in close proximity to the lysine is not essential for enzyme activity. Denaturation of dextransucrase by urea or heat treatment prior to o-phthalaldehyde addition resulted in a decrease of fluorescence intensity indicating that the native conformation of the enzyme is essential for isoindole derivative formation. These results established that a lysine residue is present at the active site and is essential for the activity of dextransucrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
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26
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Robyt JF. Mechanisms in the glucansucrase synthesis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from sucrose. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1995; 51:133-68. [PMID: 7484361 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Robyt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames,USA
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