1
|
Blažević I, Montaut S, Burčul F, Olsen CE, Burow M, Rollin P, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112100. [PMID: 31771793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSLs) is a well-defined group of plant metabolites characterized by having an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to an O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate function. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sulfated aglucone can undergo rearrangement to an isothiocyanate, or form a nitrile or other products. The number of GSLs known from plants, satisfactorily characterized by modern spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) by mid-2018, is 88. In addition, a group of partially characterized structures with highly variable evidence counts for approximately a further 49. This means that the total number of characterized GSLs from plants is somewhere between 88 and 137. The diversity of GSLs in plants is critically reviewed here, resulting in significant discrepancies with previous reviews. In general, the well-characterized GSLs show resemblance to C-skeletons of the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Trp, Ile, Phe/Tyr and Met, or to homologs of Ile, Phe/Tyr or Met. Insufficiently characterized, still hypothetic GSLs include straight-chain alkyl GSLs and chain-elongated GSLs derived from Leu. Additional reports (since 2011) of insufficiently characterized GSLs are reviewed. Usually the crucial missing information is correctly interpreted NMR, which is the most effective tool for GSL identification. Hence, modern use of NMR for GSL identification is also reviewed and exemplified. Apart from isolation, GSLs may be obtained by organic synthesis, allowing isotopically labeled GSLs and any kind of side chain. Enzymatic turnover of GSLs in plants depends on a considerable number of enzymes and other protein factors and furthermore depends on GSL structure. Identification of GSLs must be presented transparently and live up to standard requirements in natural product chemistry. Unfortunately, many recent reports fail in these respects, including reports based on chromatography hyphenated to MS. In particular, the possibility of isomers and isobaric structures is frequently ignored. Recent reports are re-evaluated and interpreted as evidence of the existence of "isoGSLs", i.e. non-GSL isomers of GSLs in plants. For GSL analysis, also with MS-detection, we stress the importance of using authentic standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marroun S, Montaut S, Marquès S, Lafite P, Coadou G, Rollin P, Jousset G, Schuler M, Tatibouët A, Oulyadi H, Daniellou R. UGT74B1 from Arabidopsis thaliana as a versatile biocatalyst for the synthesis of desulfoglycosinolates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6252-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A glucosyltransferase is able to catalyze the formation of the thioglycosidic bond and lead to desulfoglycosinolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Marroun
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS
- IRCOF
- 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Biomolecular Sciences Programme
- Laurentian University
- Sudbury
- Canada
| | | | | | - Gaël Coadou
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS
- IRCOF
- 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex
| | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS
- IRCOF
- 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vo QV, Trenerry C, Rochfort S, White J, Hughes AB. Preparation and X-ray analysis of potassium (2,3-dichlorophenyl)glucosinolate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 70:588-94. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There has been much interest in obtaining crystals for crystallographic analysis of biologically active glucosinolates. Crystals of potassium (2,3-dichlorophenyl)glucosinolate were obtained as a dual solvate, containing one methanol and one ethanol molecule of crystallization, K+·C13H14Cl2NO9S2−·CH3OH·C2H5OH. The three-dimensional polymeric network consists of chains containing the potassium ions coordinated and bridged by sugar O atoms, which run parallel to theaaxis and are further crosslinked through the sugar molecules. The channels of this network are occupied by the dichlorophenyl substituents and the ethanol and methanol solvent molecules. The structure of theS-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3-dichlorophenylacetothiohydroxymate, C21H23Cl2NO10S, precursor has also been determined and the β-configuration andZisomer of the thiohydroximate substituent is confirmed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vo QV, Trenerry C, Rochfort S, Wadeson J, Leyton C, Hughes AB. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of aromatic glucosinolates. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5945-54. [PMID: 23978357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic GLs are important members of the glucosinolate family of compounds because of their potential biological activity and medicinal properties. This study has shown success in the high yielding synthesis of some important aromatic GLs as well as the results of testing for anti-inflammatory properties of the synthetic GLs. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylglucosinolate was found to be the most active anti-inflammatory of the seven glucosinolates assayed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rollin P, Tatibouët A. Sulfur Metabolites in Brassicales: From Daily Vegetables to Thiofunctional Chemistry. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2010.507729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rollin
- a Université d’Orléans , ICOA, UMR 6005, Orléans, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mays JR, Weller Roska RL, Sarfaraz S, Mukhtar H, Rajski SR. Identification, synthesis, and enzymology of non-natural glucosinolate chemopreventive candidates. Chembiochem 2008; 9:729-47. [PMID: 18327862 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are one of the many classes of breakdown products of glucosinolates found in crucifers such as broccoli and are thought to be partially responsible for the reduced risk of degenerative diseases associated with the consumption of vegetables. The production of ITCs such as L-sulforaphane is dependent on the hydrolytic bioactivities of myrosinase, localized both within vegetable tissues and within flora of the human GI tract, and is associated with important cancer chemopreventive activities. We hypothesized that novel isothiocyanates with enhanced chemopreventive properties relative to L-sulforaphane could be identified and that their glucosinolate precursors could be synthesized. From a library of 30 synthetic ITCs, we identified several with bioactivities equal or superior to those of L-sulforaphane. The corresponding non-natural glucosinolate precursors to these novel ITCs were constructed and found to be substrates for myrosinase. By utilizing a novel RP-HPLC assay to monitor myrosinase-dependent hydrolysis reactions, 2,2-diphenylethyl glucosinolate and (biphenyl-2-yl)methyl glucosinolate were shown to exhibit 26.5 and 2.8 %, respectively, of the relative activity of sinigrin and produced their corresponding ITCs in varying yields. These data support the notion that non-natural glucosinolates can act as prodrugs for novel ITCs, with a mechanism of action reliant on their hydrolytic cleavage by myrosinase. Such non-natural glucosinolates may serve as very economical chemopreventive agents for individuals at risk for cancers of and around the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Mays
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aucagne V, Gueyrard D, Tatibouët A, Quinsac A, Rollin P. Synthetic Approaches to C-Glucosinolates. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Cottaz S, Rollin P, Driguez H. Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucotropaeolin, a thioglucosidase inhibitor. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
Iori R, Rollin P, Streicher H, Thiem J, Palmieri S. The myrosinase-glucosinolate interaction mechanism studied using some synthetic competitive inhibitors. FEBS Lett 1996; 385:87-90. [PMID: 8641474 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Using synthetic deoxy-glucotropaeolins (6d-GTL, 4d- GTL, 3d-GTL, 2d-GTL) as substrates, myrosinase activity was studied in comparison to that determined on native glucotropaeolin (GTL) isolated from ripe Lepidium sativum seeds. When the deoxy substrates were used, in addition to an overall strong reaction rate decline, a significant decrease in the reaction rate was observed in going from 6d- to 2d-GTL. This finding allows us to propose a mechanism of catalysis which appears to be similar in many respects to that established for beta-glucosidases. Finally, 2d-GTL was shown to be the first strong competitive inhibitor of myrosinase ever reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Iori
- Istituto Sperimentale per le Colture Industriali, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|