1
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Kajimoto T, Du T, Yoshitake T, Kaneko K, Kobayashi H, Matsushima Y, Miura T. Facile Preparation of L-Iduronic Acid and α-L-Iduronidation Using Methyl 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-iduronate as Glycosyl Donor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:724-729. [PMID: 37661377 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-iduronate was prepared from methyl 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-β-D-glucuronate in two steps: Ferrier's photobromination and subsequent radical reduction with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane. The obtained methyl 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-iduronate was a good glycosyl donor for the L-iduronidation when bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic)imide was employed as the activator. The reaction afforded the α-isomer as the major product, the configuration of which is the same as that of the L-iduronic acid unit in heparin and heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianqi Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | - Kimiyoshi Kaneko
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Miura
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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3
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Mohamed S, He QQ, Lepage RJ, Krenske EH, Ferro V. Glycosylations of Simple Acceptors with 2‐
O
‐Acyl
l
‐Idose or
l
‐Iduronic Acid Donors Reveal Only a Minor Role for Neighbouring‐Group Participation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Qi Qi He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Romain J. Lepage
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
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4
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Kuhnast B, El Hadri A, Boisgard R, Hinnen F, Richard S, Caravano A, Nancy-Portebois V, Petitou M, Tavitian B, Dollé F. Synthesis, radiolabeling with fluorine-18 and preliminary in vivo evaluation of a heparan sulphate mimetic as potent angiogenesis and heparanase inhibitor for cancer applications. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1915-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02513c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A rationally designed, fully synthetic, octasaccharide-based, HS mimetic has been synthesized, in vitro characterized, labeled with fluorine-18, and in vivo imaged with PET in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Kuhnast
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
| | - A. El Hadri
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
- CarboMimetics
| | - R. Boisgard
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
| | - F. Hinnen
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
| | - S. Richard
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
| | - A. Caravano
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
| | | | - M. Petitou
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
| | - B. Tavitian
- Laboratoire PARCC UMR 970 Inserm/Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
- 75015 Paris
| | - F. Dollé
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
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5
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Mohamed S, Ferro V. Synthetic Approaches to L-Iduronic Acid and L-Idose: Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:21-61. [PMID: 26613814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
L-Iduronic acid (IdoA) is an important monosaccharide component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. GAGs are complex, highly sulfated polysaccharides that mediate a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via their interactions with a range of diverse proteins. The main challenge in the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides is the efficient gram-scale preparation of IdoA building blocks since neither IdoA nor L-idose is commercially available or readily accessible from natural sources. In this review, the different synthetic approaches for the preparation of IdoA and its derivatives, including L-idose, are presented and discussed. Derivatives of the latter are often used in GAG synthesis and are elaborated to IdoA via selective oxidation at C-6 after incorporation into a GAG chain. Particular focus will be given to the preparation of IdoA synthons most commonly used for GAG oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the progress made since the last systematic review in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Hansen SU, Dalton CE, Baráth M, Kwan G, Raftery J, Jayson GC, Miller GJ, Gardiner JM. Synthesis of l-Iduronic Acid Derivatives via [3.2.1] and [2.2.2] l-Iduronic Lactones from Bulk Glucose-Derived Cyanohydrin Hydrolysis: A Reversible Conformationally Switched Superdisarmed/Rearmed Lactone Route to Heparin Disaccharides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3777-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steen U. Hansen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Charlotte E. Dalton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Marek Baráth
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Glenn Kwan
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - James Raftery
- The
School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gordon C. Jayson
- Institute
of Cancer Sciences, Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, U.K
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
- The
School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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7
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Roy S, El Hadri A, Richard S, Denis F, Holte K, Duffner J, Yu F, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Capila I, Schultes B, Petitou M, Kaundinya GV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a unique heparin mimetic hexasaccharide for structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4511-20. [PMID: 24786387 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, the structure-activity relationship studies of heparin/heparan sulfate with their diverse binding partners such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix proteins have been limited yet provide early insight that specific sequences contribute to this manifold biological role. This has led to an impetus for the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of these complex polysaccharides, which can provide an effective tool for this goal. The synthesis of three heparin mimetic hexasaccharides with distinct structural patterns is described herein, and the influence of the targeted substitution on their bioactivity profiles is studied using in vitro affinity and/or inhibition toward different growth factors and proteins. Additionally, the particularly challenging synthesis of an irregular hexasaccharide is reported, which, interestingly, in spite of being considerably structurally similar with its two counterparts, displayed a unique and remarkably distinct profile in the test assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Roy
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc. , 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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8
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Guedes N, Czechura P, Echeverria B, Ruiz A, Michelena O, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. Toward the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides: Evaluation of Iduronic Acid and Idose Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6911-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Guedes
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Pawel Czechura
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Begoña Echeverria
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ada Ruiz
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Olatz Michelena
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Martin-Lomas
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials
Unit, CICbiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182,
20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San
Sebastian, Spain
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9
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Lin F, Lian G, Zhou Y. Synthesis of Fondaparinux: modular synthesis investigation for heparin synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2013; 371:32-9. [PMID: 23474455 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The anti-thromboembolic pentasaccharide Fondaparinux was synthesized in 36 steps for the longest linear route, with 0.017% overall yield from D-glucose. Only three kinds of protecting groups were used for hydroxyl protection, Bn, Ac, and Bz, to accomplish this complex synthesis without decreasing the synthetic efficiency. Three L-idopyranosyl donors were investigated. Thioethyl glycoside is an efficient donor for L-idopyranosyl glycosylation with full α-selectivity, while L-idopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate resulted in poor α/β selectivity. A practical synthesis of key intermediate 1,6-anhydro-L-idopyranose 17 by H(+)/β-CD catalyst was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1111 Zhongshanbeiyi Road, Shanghai 200437, China.
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10
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Tanaka H, Tateno Y, Takahashi T. Convergent stereoselective synthesis of multiple sulfated GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) dodecasaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9570-82. [PMID: 23132499 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26928g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe an effective method for the elongation of a GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) sequence using a GlcNTrocα(1,4)GlcA disaccharide unit and the synthesis of the N- and/or O-sulfated GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) oligosaccharides. N-Troc protection of GlcNα(1,4)GlcA units was effective for the synthesis of the GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) oligosaccharides in comparison with the azido substituent. The GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) dodecasaccharide was successfully prepared by the direct β-selective glycosidation of glucuronate in the GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4)GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) tetrasaccharide. In addition, the synthesis of the N- and/or O-sulfated GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) oligosaccharides was accomplished by fluorous-assisted deprotection and sulfation. The fluorous-assisted synthetic technology applied to the highly polar sulfated oligosaccharide permits it to be more easily separated from the highly polar reagents, such as SO(3)·NEt(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H-101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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11
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Mazumder K, Sarkar S, Sen AK. Synthesis of the Upstream Terminal Disaccharide of theO-Antigenic Polysaccharide ofVibrio choleraeO37. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.722738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Herczeg M, Lázár L, Bereczky Z, Kövér KE, Timári I, Kappelmayer J, Lipták A, Antus S, Borbás A. Synthesis and Anticoagulant Activity of Bioisosteric Sulfonic-Acid Analogues of the Antithrombin-Binding Pentasaccharide Domain of Heparin. Chemistry 2012; 18:10643-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Herczeg M, Lázár L, Mándi A, Borbás A, Komáromi I, Lipták A, Antus S. Synthesis of disaccharide fragments of the AT-III binding domain of heparin and their sulfonatomethyl analogues. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1827-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Abstract
In oligosaccharide synthesis, protecting groups, possible participating groups, promoters/catalysts, reaction conditions, and donor leaving groups and acceptors must all be carefully designed in order to generate the correct regio- and stereochemistry for the new glycosidic bond. Programmable one-pot synthesis has been developed to address the above problems. This strategy is based on the sequential use of thioglycoside building blocks to form glycosidic bonds based on the reactivity difference of the building blocks. The activation of the anomeric leaving group can be attenuated through modification of the protecting group strategy and neighboring group participation. This reactivity-based strategy has been applied to one-pot glycosylation reactions where a series of building blocks with identical leaving groups react sequentially in one vessel without laborious intermediate purification steps. It provides rapid access to oligosaccharides with a wide-range of molecular diversity. In this chapter we outline the recent development of this strategy that can be applied to synthesize a wide variety of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates that are associated with infectious diseases or carbohydrate-based cancer antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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15
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Iwata R, Sudo M, Nagafuji K, Wada T. Synthesis of oligodiaminosaccharides having α-glycoside bonds and their interactions with oligonucleotide duplexes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5895-906. [PMID: 21688799 DOI: 10.1021/jo200951p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Syntheses of the novel oligodiaminosaccharides, α-(1→4)-linked-2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose oligomers, and their interactions with nucleic acid duplexes DNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, and DNA-RNA are described. Monomers to tetramers of oligodiaminoglucose derivatives having α-glycosyl bonds were successfully synthesized using a chain elongation cycle including glycosylation reactions of a 6-phthalimide glycosyl donor. UV melting experiments for a variety of nucleic acid duplexes in the absence and presence of the oligodiaminosaccharides were performed. The synthesized oligodiaminosaccharides exhibited notable thermodynamic stabilization effects on A-type RNA-RNA and DNA-RNA duplexes, whereas B-type DNA-DNA duplexes were not stabilized by the synthesized oligodiaminosaccharides. Among the oligodiaminosaccharides, the tetramer exhibited the highest ability to stabilize A-type duplexes, and the increase in T(m) values induced by the tetramer were higher than those induced by neomycin B and tobramycin, which are known aminoglycosides having ability to bind and stabilize a variety of RNA molecules. CD spectrometry experiments revealed that the oligodiaminosaccharides caused small structural changes in RNA-RNA duplexes, whereas no appreciable changes were observed in the structure of DNA-DNA duplexes. ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) experiments demonstrated that the amount of heat generated by the interaction between RNA-RNA duplexes and the tetradiaminosaccharides was approximately double that generated by that between DNA-DNA duplexes and the tetradiaminosaccharides. These results strongly suggested the existence of an A-type nucleic acid specific-binding mode of the oligodiaminosaccharides, which bind to these duplexes and cause small structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Iwata
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building 702, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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16
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Czechura P, Guedes N, Kopitzki S, Vazquez N, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. A new linker for solid-phase synthesis of heparan sulfate precursors by sequential assembly of monosaccharide building blocks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2390-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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De novo synthesis of differentially protected l-iduronic acid glycosylating agents. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Arungundram S, Al-Mafraji K, Asong J, Leach FE, Amster IJ, Venot A, Turnbull JE, Boons GJ. Modular synthesis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17394-405. [PMID: 19904943 PMCID: PMC2820250 DOI: 10.1021/ja907358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although hundreds of heparan sulfate binding proteins have been identified and implicated in a myriad of physiological and pathological processes, very little information is known about the ligand requirements for binding and mediating biological activities by these proteins. This difficulty results from a lack of technology for establishing structure-activity relationships, which in turn is due to the structural complexity of natural heparan sulfate (HS) and difficulties of preparing well-defined HS oligosaccharides. To address this deficiency, we developed a modular approach for the parallel combinatorial synthesis of HS oligosaccharides that utilizes a relatively small number of selectively protected disaccharide building blocks, which can easily be converted into glycosyl donors and acceptors. The utility of the modular building blocks has been demonstrated by the preparation of a library of 12 oligosaccharides, which has been employed to probe the structural features of HS for inhibiting the protease, BACE-1. The complex variations in activity with structural changes support the view that important functional information is embedded in HS sequences. Furthermore, the most active derivative provides an attractive lead compound for the preparation of more potent compounds, which may find use as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Arungundram
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - Kanar Al-Mafraji
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
| | - Jinkeng Asong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - Franklin E. Leach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - I. Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
| | - Andre Venot
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Center for Glycobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, Tel: (+1) 706-542-916
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2556
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19
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Determination of iduronic acid and glucuronic acid in sulfated chondroitin/dermatan hybrid chains by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:603-10. [PMID: 18368478 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relative proportion of L: -iduronic acid (IdoA) and D: -glucuronic acid (GlcA) is of great importance for the structure-function relationship of chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS). However, determination of the isotypes of uronic acid residues in CS/DS is still a challenge, due to the instability of free uronic acid released by chemical degradation and its conversion to unsaturated uronic acid by digestion with bacterial eliminase. (1)H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a promising tool with which to address this issue, but the traditional method based on the assignment of the ring proton signals of IdoA and GlcA residues still has drawbacks such as the serious overlap of signals in the (1)H-NMR spectrum of CS/DS polysaccharides. We found that the proton signals of the N-acetyl group of N-acetyl-D: -galactosamines in CS and DS could be clearly distinguished and accurately integrated in the one-dimensional (1D) (1)H-NMR spectrum. Based on this finding, here we report a novel, sensitive, and nondestructive 1D (1)H-NMR-based method to determine the proportion of IdoA and GlcA residues in CS/DS hybrid chains.
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20
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Tatai J, Osztrovszky G, Kajtár-Peredy M, Fügedi P. An efficient synthesis of l-idose and l-iduronic acid thioglycosides and their use for the synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:596-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Abstract
A highly efficient one-pot methodology is described for the synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides utilizing thioglycosides with well-defined reactivity as building blocks. L-Idopyranosyl and D-glucopyranosyl thioglycosides 5 and 10 were used as donors due to low reactivity of uronic acids as the glycosyl donors in the one-pot synthesis. The formation of uronic acids by a selective oxidation at C-6 was performed after assembly of the oligosaccharides. The efficiency of this programmable strategy with the flexibility for sulfate incorporation was demonstrated in the representative synthesis of disaccharides 17, 18, tetrasaccharide 23, and pentasaccharide 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Polat
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, E-mail:
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, E-mail:
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22
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van den Bos LJ, Codée JDC, Litjens REJN, Dinkelaar J, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Uronic Acids in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leendert J. van den Bos
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remy E. J. N. Litjens
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Dinkelaar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Adibekian A, Bindschädler P, Timmer MSM, Noti C, Schützenmeister N, Seeberger PH. De Novo Synthesis of Uronic Acid Building Blocks for Assembly of Heparin Oligosaccharides. Chemistry 2007; 13:4510-22. [PMID: 17444537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient de novo synthesis of uronic acid building blocks is described. The synthetic strategy relies on the stereoselective elongation of thioacetal protected dialdehydes 12 a and 17. The dialdehydes are prepared from D-xylose, a cheap and commercially available source. A highly stereoselective MgBr(2)OEt(2)-mediated Mukaiyama aldol addition to C4-aldehyde 12 a is performed to obtain D-glucuronic acid building block 16, whereas L-iduronic acid building block 22 is prepared by MgBr(2)OEt(2)-mediated cyanation of C5-aldehyde 17. Synthesis of a heparin disaccharide demonstrates the utility of the de novo strategy for the assembly of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Adibekian
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI F312, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Du Y, Lin J, Linhardt RJ. Regioselective Synthesis of L-Idopyranuronic Acid Derivatives: Intermolecular Aglycon Transfer of Dithioacetal Under Standard Glycosylation Conditions. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309708005753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Du
- a Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Iowa , PHAR-S328, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jihong Lin
- a Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Iowa , PHAR-S328, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- a Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Iowa , PHAR-S328, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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25
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Awad L, Demange R, Zhu YH, Vogel P. The use of levoglucosenone and isolevoglucosenone as templates for the construction of C-linked disaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1235-52. [PMID: 16678805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of their functionalities (enone, ketone, and acetal) and their bicyclic structure (steric factors), levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyran-2-ulose) and isolevoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyran-4-ulose) are useful templates for the convergent and combinatorial synthesis of (1-->2), (1-->3), and (1-->4)-linked C-disaccharides in reactions combining them with sugar-derived carbaldehydes. Synthetic methods relying on conjugate nucleophilic additions of these enones, their combination with aluminum reagents and aldehydes (Baylis-Hillman reaction) and modified Takai-Hiyama-Nozaki-Kishi couplings of enol triflates derived from them with sugar-derived aldehydes are reviewed. Highly stereoselective methods have thus been developed. These allow the generation of disaccharide mimetics with a high molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loay Awad
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie et de Synthèse Asymétrique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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Zhou Y, Lin F, Chen J, Yu B. Toward synthesis of the regular sequence of heparin: synthesis of two tetrasaccharide precursors. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1619-29. [PMID: 16529732 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two fully protected tetrasaccharides, which represent precursors for the synthesis of the regular sequence of heparin, were synthesized via coupling of a pair of disaccharide trichloroacetimidates with a thioglycoside and a glucosamine derivative, respectively, in a sequential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Ke W, Whitfield DM, Brisson JR, Enright G, Jarrell HC, Wu WG. Development of specific inhibitors for heparin-binding proteins based on the cobra cardiotoxin structure: an effective synthetic strategy for rationally modified heparin-like disaccharides and a trisaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:355-72. [PMID: 15680590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new heparin disaccharide-binding site on the convex side of cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) was identified by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. To further characterize this site two heparin-like disaccharides were synthesized for binding studies with CTX, and a trisaccharide was synthesized for testing the sequence of the disaccharide binding to CTX. Thus six differentially protected monosaccharide building blocks (three l-iduronic acids and three d-glucosamines) were prepared. These include a l-iduronic acid elongation building block namely methyl 2-O-acetyl-4-O-levulinoyl-3-O-pivaloyl-alpha-l-idopyranosyluronate trichloroacetimidate for which a single-crystal X-ray structure was determined to have M(r)=576.79, a=9.3098(11)A alpha=90 degrees , b=10.3967(12)A beta=90 degrees , c=28.026(3)A gamma=90 degrees , V=2712.7(6)A(3), P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z=4, mu=0.71073A, and R=0.0378 for 7586 observed reflections. It shows that the molecular structure of the donor is in the (1)C(4) conformation with significant 1,3-diaxial interactions between O-1 and O-3 as well as O-2 and O-4. The disaccharides and trisaccharide vary in the degree and position of O- and N-sulfation. The pivaloyl group was used as permanent protecting group of hydroxyl. The levulinoyl group was used as the temporary protecting group to protect the hydroxyl for elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Ke
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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28
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Lohman GJS, Seeberger PH. A stereochemical surprise at the late stage of the synthesis of fully N-differentiated heparin oligosaccharides containing amino, acetamido, and N-sulfonate groups. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4081-93. [PMID: 15176833 DOI: 10.1021/jo035732z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glucosamine residues in heparin-like glycosaminoglycans have been found to exist as amines, acetamides, and N-sulfonates. To develop a completely general, modular synthesis of heparin, three degrees of orthogonal nitrogen protection are required. Reported herein is a strategy for the synthesis of fully N-differentiated heparin oligosaccharides in the context of target octasaccharide 1, which contains an N-acetate, N-sulfonates, and a free amine. The protecting group scheme used in the synthesis blocked the N-acetate as a N-diacetate, the N-sulfonates as azido groups, and the amine as a N-CBz; free hydroxyls were masked as benzyl ethers and O-sulfonates as acetate esters. Disaccharide and tetrasaccharide modules were synthesized using this strategy; however, the union of tetrasaccharide trichloroacetimidate 4 with disaccharide acceptor 5 unexpectedly formed the undesired beta-linked glycoside in addition to the alpha-linkage anticipated for iduronic acid nucleophiles, resulting in an inseparable 6:1 alpha/beta mixture of products. Detailed studies into the basis for this unexpected result were conducted and are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J S Lohman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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29
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Kuszmann J, Medgyes G, Boros S. Synthesis of 2,5-anhydro-(β-d-glucopyranosyluronate)- and (α-l-idopyranosyluronate)-d-mannitol hexa-O-sulfonate hepta sodium salt. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1569-79. [PMID: 15178404 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidation of 2,5-anhydro-1,6-di-O-benzoyl-D-mannitol with methyl(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-1-O-trichloroacetimidate)uronate in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate afforded the corresponding 3-O-beta-glycoside, which after deprotection was converted into its hexa-O-sulfate with DMF x SO3 to give after treatment with sodium acetate and subsequent saponification of the methyl ester with sodium hydroxide the hepta sodium salt of 2,5-anhydro-3-O-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl uronate)-D-mannitol hexa-O-sulfate. Glycosidation of the same acceptor with the alpha-thiophenylglycoside of methyl 2,4-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-L-idopyranosyl uronate in the presence of NIS/TfOH afforded the corresponding 3-O-alpha-glycoside in very low yield, therefore the alpha-thiophenylglycoside of 2-O-acetyl-2,4-O-benzylidene-3-O-benzyl-L-idopyranose was used as donor. The terminal hydroxymethyl group of the obtained disaccharide was subsequently oxidised with NaOCl/TEMPO and the obtained iduronic acid derivative was converted into the hepta sodium salt of 2,5-anhydro-3-O-(-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-D-mannitol hexa-O-sulfonate with DMF x SO3 and subsequent treatment with sodium acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kuszmann
- IVAX Drug Research Institute, PO Box 82, H-1325 Budapest, Hungary.
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30
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Dilhas A, Bonnaffé D. PhBCl2 promoted reductive opening of 2′,4′-O-p-methoxybenzylidene: new regioselective differentiation of position 2′ and 4′ of α-l-iduronyl moieties in disaccharide building blocks. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Abstract
An efficient preparation of rare 2-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-1,6-anhydro-beta-l-idopyranose from commercially available diacetone alpha-d-glucose in five straightforward steps is described here. With this key building block in hand, the total syntheses of heparin oligosaccharides with three, five, seven, and nine sugar units are successfully carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinq-Chyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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32
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A short route to l-iduronic acid building blocks for the syntheses of heparin-like disaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Lohman GJS, Hunt DK, Högermeier JA, Seeberger PH. Synthesis of iduronic acid building blocks for the modular assembly of glycosaminoglycans. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7559-61. [PMID: 12968922 DOI: 10.1021/jo0340760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The modular synthesis of glycosaminoglycans requires straightforward methods for the production of large quantities of protected uronic acid building blocks. In particular, the preparation of fully differentiated iduronic acids has proven particularly challenging. An efficient route to methyl 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-l-idopyranosiduronate 6 from diacetone glucose in nine steps and 36% overall yield is described. Idopyranosiduronate 6 is useful as a glycosyl acceptor and as an intermediate that may be further elaborated into iduronic acid trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors for the assembly of glycosaminoglycan structures as illustrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J S Lohman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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34
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Dilhas A, Bonnaffé D. Efficient selective preparation of methyl-1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-beta-L-idopyranuronate from methyl 3-O-benzyl-L-iduronate. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:681-6. [PMID: 12644380 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-L-idopyranuronate 6beta/6alpha, prepared from methyl 3-O-benzyl-L-iduronate (4), is a key synthon in heparin/heparan sulfate synthesis. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the furanose-pyranose mixture of 4, after dissolution and equilibration in d(4)-methanol, were fully assigned allowing to expect that 4 could crystallise in the beta-pyranose form. New acetylation conditions able to trap this form were subsequently devised, allowing the isolation of 83% of pure 6beta by simple crystallisation, along with 9% of the 6beta/6alpha mixture. This represents a major advantage over the previously published procedure, especially on multigram scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dilhas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Multifonctionnelle, UMR 8614 'Molecular Glycochemistry', Bat. 420 Université Paris Sud, F-91405, Orsay, France
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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Rele SM, Iyer SS, Chaikof EL. Homodimerization of hyaluronan and heparan sulfate derivatives by olefin metathesis reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Barroca N, Jacquinet JC. Syntheses of beta-D-GalpNAc4SO3-(1-->4)-L-IdopA2SO3, a disaccharide fragment of dermatan sulfate, and of its methyl alpha-L-glycoside derivative. Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:667-79. [PMID: 11128594 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of sodium (sodium 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfonato-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-(sodium 2-O-sulfonato-L-idopyran)uronate, a disaccharide fragment of dermatan sulfate, and of its methyl alpha-L-glycoside derivative are reported for the first time. The use of 4-O-acetyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-1-O-trichloroacetimidoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranose, readily prepared from a D-gluco precursor, allowed the stereocontrolled and high yielding coupling with the low reactive 4-hydroxyl group of L-iduronic acid ester derivatives. Classical transformation of the disaccharide products into the target molecules was achieved in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Barroca
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UPRES-A CNRS 6005, UFR Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Orléans, France
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38
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Kovensky J, Sinaÿ P. Synthesis of Galactofuranosides by Regioselective Ring Opening of a 1,4-Anhydrogalactopyranose Derivative: A Possible Chemical Model for an Unprecedented Enzymatic Reaction. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200011)2000:21<3523::aid-ejoc3523>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Seeberger PH, Roehrig S, Schell P, Wang Y, Christ WJ. Selective formation of C-2 azidodeoxy-D-glucose derivatives from D-glucal precursors using the azidonitration reaction. Carbohydr Res 2000; 328:61-9. [PMID: 11005576 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of glucals, protected by cyclic acetal protecting groups to conformationally constrain the C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups, were subjected to the azidonitration reaction to furnish the corresponding C-2 azidodeoxy-D-glucoses. 4,6-O-Isopropylidene-3-O-triisopropylsilyl-D-arabino-hex-1-enit ol afforded 2-azido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-triisopropylsilyl-D-gluco pyranosyl nitrate and its D-manno isomer in a 20:1 ratio. These findings allow the azidonitration reaction to be now used for the preparation of a variety of glucosamine building blocks from differentially protected glucal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Seeberger
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139-4307, USA.
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40
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Driguez PA, Lederman I, Strassel JM, Herbert JM, Petitou M. Synthetic Carbohydrate Derivatives as Low Sulfated Heparin Mimetics. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo991152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-A. Driguez
- Sanofi-Synthélabo, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Isidore Lederman
- Sanofi-Synthélabo, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean-M. Strassel
- Sanofi-Synthélabo, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean-M. Herbert
- Sanofi-Synthélabo, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Maurice Petitou
- Sanofi-Synthélabo, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
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41
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Tabeur C, Mallet JM, Bono F, Herbert JM, Petitou M, Sinaÿ P. Oligosaccharides corresponding to the regular sequence of heparin: chemical synthesis and interaction with FGF-2. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2003-12. [PMID: 10530949 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that oligosaccharides corresponding to the so-called regular region of heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) bind to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In order to explore the molecular basis of FGF/HS interaction, we describe here the chemical synthesis of a tetra and a hexasaccharide, prepared as methyl glycosides, corresponding to the regular sequence of heparin. The strategy relies on the efficient preparation of three building blocks: a seeding block, an elongating block and a capping block. The hexasaccharide inhibited the binding of FGF-2 on its receptor on human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells with an IC50 value (16+/-1.2 microg/mL) close to that of standard heparin (14.8+/-0.5 microg/mL) whereas the tetrasaccharide was much less potent (IC50 = 127+/-10.5 microg/mL). The hexasaccharide and heparin, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner FGF-2 (30 nM) induced proliferation (IC50 = 23.7+/-1.6 and 30.1+/-1.3 microg/mL, respectively). Under the same experimental conditions, the tetrasaccharide only slightly inhibited the mitogenic effect of FGF-2 (IC50 > 100 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tabeur
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, Associé au CNRS, Paris, France
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42
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Kovensky J, Duchaussoy P, Bono F, Salmivirta M, Sizun P, Herbert JM, Petitou M, Sinaÿ P. A synthetic heparan sulfate pentasaccharide, exclusively containing L-iduronic acid, displays higher affinity for FGF-2 than its D-glucuronic acid-containing isomers. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1567-80. [PMID: 10482449 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the FGF-2 binding site on heparan sulfate chains is a trisulfated pentasaccharide containing three hexuronic acid units. The configuration at C-5 of two of them being undetermined, we have synthesized the four possible pentasaccharides, and have evaluated their FGF-2 binding affinity through in vitro biological assays. The pentasaccharide containing L-iduronic acid as the sole hexuronic acid showed higher affinity for FGF-2 than the other pentasaccharides, where one hexuronic acid unit at least is D-glucuronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kovensky
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, Associé au CNRS, Paris, France
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43
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Duchaussoy P, Jaurand G, Driguez PA, Lederman I, Ceccato ML, Gourvenec F, Strassel JM, Sizun P, Petitou M, Herbert JM. Assessment through chemical synthesis of the size of the heparin sequence involved in thrombin inhibition. Carbohydr Res 1999; 317:85-99. [PMID: 10466208 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Deca- to eicosasaccharides having the generic structure methyl(sodium 2,3-di-O-methyl-4-O-sodium sulfonato-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1-->4)-[(2,3,6-tri-O-sodiu m sulfonato-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-(sodium 2,3-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1-->4)]n-2,3,6-tri-O-sodiu m sulfonato-alpha-D-glucopyranoside have been synthesized from a single disaccharide precursor. All of them bind to and activate antithrombin. When n < or = 6 only Factor Xa inhibition is observed, whereas when n > 6 Factor Xa and thrombin are both inhibited in the presence of antithrombin. These results indicate that, in heparin, the sequence involved in antithrombin-catalyzed thrombin inhibition is a pentadeca- or a hexadecasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Duchaussoy
- Sanofi Recherche, Haemobiology Research Department, Toulouse, France
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44
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Duchaussoy P, Jaurand G, Driguez PA, Lederman I, Gourvenec F, Strassel JM, Sizun P, Petitou M, Herbert JM. Identification of a hexasaccharide sequence able to inhibit thrombin and suitable for 'polymerisation'. Carbohydr Res 1999; 317:63-84. [PMID: 10466207 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three hexasaccharides, having from low to very high affinity for antithrombin, were synthesised from disaccharide building block precursors. One of them, methyl(sodium 2,3-di-O-methyl-4-O- sodium sulfonato-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1-->4)-[(2,3,6-tri-O-sodiu m sulfonato-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-(sodium 2,3-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1-->4)]2-2,3,6-tri-O-sodiu m sulfonato-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, obtainable from a single disaccharide building block precursor, constitutes a good starting point for obtaining simple oligosaccharidic heparin mimetics able to inhibit the two coagulation factors thrombin and Factor Xa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Duchaussoy
- Sanofi Recherche, Haemobiology Research Department, Toulouse, France
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45
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Allen JG, Fraser-Reid B. n-Pentenyl Glycosyl Orthoesters as Versatile Intermediates in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. The Proteoglycan Linkage Region1. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9832358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Allen
- Department of Chemistry Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratories Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc. 4118 Swarthmore Road, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - Bert Fraser-Reid
- Department of Chemistry Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratories Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc. 4118 Swarthmore Road, Durham, North Carolina 27707
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46
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Rochepeau-Jobron L, Jacquinet JC. Synthesis of O-(2-O-sulfo-α-l-idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1 → 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-d-galactopyranose trisodium salt, a disaccharide fragment of dermatan sulfate. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)10017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Synthesis and anti-thrombin activity of a hexasaccharide corresponding to the binding site of dermatan sulfate to heparin cofactor II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)10082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Rochepeau-Jobron L, Jacquinet JC. Diastereoselective hydroboration of substituted exo-glucals revisited. A convenient route for the preparation of l-iduronic acid derivatives. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Mlynarski J, Banaszek A. Convenient preparation of α- and β-glycosides of novel isomeric 3-deoxy-hept-2-ulosaric acids diesters. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Synthesis of oligosaccharides of bacterial origin containing heptoses, uronic acids and fructofuranoses as synthetic challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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