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Huang Y, Wang M, Zhao X, Shi Q. Transcriptome sequencing of the gill and barbel of Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis) revealed immune responses and novel rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs). Genomics 2018; 111:222-230. [PMID: 30465915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis) is an economically important species widely cultured in China. It is well known for its fast growth, strong resistance to diseases and euryphage. However, little is known about the mechanisms for its powerful immune systems. Our Fish-T1K project has finished its first phase of 200 fish transcriptomes, with sequencing of gills in most examined fishes. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the gill and the maxillary barbel of Southern catfish, with the latter as a control. High expression of immune-related transcripts were observed in these two tissues. We observed that genes in the T cell receptor signaling pathway had higher transcription values in the gill than in the barbel. In addition, eight new rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) were identified and their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) were classified according to the eight conserved cysteine residues and two conserved motifs (-YGR- and -DPC-). This is the first transcriptome report by high-throughput sequencing of the Southern catfish. Our genomic data and discovery of novel RBLs in this project should be able to promote better understandings of the roles of gills in immune responses and disease prevention for further aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Functional identification of dendritic cells in the teleost model, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PLoS One 2012; 7:e33196. [PMID: 22427987 PMCID: PMC3299753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are specialized antigen presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. This link between the ancient innate immune system and the more evolutionarily recent adaptive immune system is of particular interest in fish, the oldest vertebrates to have both innate and adaptive immunity. It is unknown whether dendritic cells co-evolved with the adaptive response, or if the connection between innate and adaptive immunity relied on a fundamentally different cell type early in evolution. We approached this question using the teleost model organism, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), with the aim of identifying dendritic cells based on their ability to stimulate naïve T cells. Adapting mammalian protocols for the generation of dendritic cells, we established a method of culturing highly motile, non-adherent cells from trout hematopoietic tissue that had irregular membrane processes and expressed surface MHCII. When side-by-side mixed leukocyte reactions were performed, these cells stimulated greater proliferation than B cells or macrophages, demonstrating their specialized ability to present antigen and therefore their functional homology to mammalian dendritic cells. Trout dendritic cells were then further analyzed to determine if they exhibited other features of mammalian dendritic cells. Trout dendritic cells were found to have many of the hallmarks of mammalian DCs including tree-like morphology, the expression of dendritic cell markers, the ability to phagocytose small particles, activation by toll-like receptor-ligands, and the ability to migrate in vivo. As in mammals, trout dendritic cells could be isolated directly from the spleen, or larger numbers could be derived from hematopoietic tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
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Tonheim TC, Bøgwald J, Dalmo RA. What happens to the DNA vaccine in fish? A review of current knowledge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:1-18. [PMID: 18448358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of DNA vaccines, a bacterial plasmid DNA containing a construct for a given protective antigen, is to establish specific and long-lasting protective immunity against diseases where conventional vaccines fail to induce protection. It is acknowledged that less effort has been made to study the fate, in terms of cellular uptake, persistence and degradation, of DNA vaccines after in vivo administration. However, during the last year some papers have given new insights into the fate of DNA vaccines in fish. By comparing the newly acquired information in fish with similar knowledge from studies in mammals, similarities with regard to transport, blood clearance, cellular uptake and degradation of DNA vaccines have been found. But the amount of DNA vaccine redistributed from the administration site after intramuscular administration seems to differ between fish and mammals. This review presents up-to-date and in-depth knowledge concerning the fate of DNA vaccines with emphasis on tissue distribution, cellular uptake and uptake mechanism(s) before finally describing the intracellular hurdles that DNA vaccines need to overcome in order to produce their gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Christian Tonheim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Bengtén E, Clem LW, Miller NW, Warr GW, Wilson M. Channel catfish immunoglobulins: repertoire and expression. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 30:77-92. [PMID: 16153707 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is widely recognized as an important model for studying immune responses in ectothermic vertebrates. It is one of the few fish species for which defined viable in vitro culture systems have been established and is currently the only fish species from which a variety of functionally distinct clonal leukocyte lines are available. Moreover, there is a large basis of biochemical and molecular information on the structure and function of catfish immunoglobulins (Igs). Catfish, as other teleosts, have a tetrameric homolog of IgM as their predominant serum Ig plus a homolog of IgD. They also have genetic elements basically similar to those of mammals, which encode and regulate their expression. The catfish Ig heavy (H) chain locus is a translocon-type locus with three Igdelta genes linked to an Igmu gene or pseudogene. The catfish IgH locus is estimated to contain approximately 200 variable (V) region genes representing 13 families as well as at least three diversity (D) and 11 joining (JH) genes. The catfish has two light (L) chain isotypes, F and G, both encoded by loci organized in multiple cassettes of VL-JL-CL with the VL in the opposite transcriptional orientation. Hence, all requisite components for encoding antibodies are present in the catfish, albeit with certain variations. In the future, whether or not additional unique features of Ig function and expression will be found remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bengtén
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Miller N, Wilson M, Bengtén E, Stuge T, Warr G, Clem W. Functional and molecular characterization of teleost leukocytes. Immunol Rev 1998; 166:187-97. [PMID: 9914913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of immunologically relevant in vitro assay systems, cell separation techniques, and the development of distinct clonal leukocyte lines has established the existence of T, B, natural killer, and accessory cell equivalents in teleosts. B cells are directly defined by monoclonal antibodies to teleost immunoglobulin (Ig) and identification of Ig H and L chain genes. As in mammals, fish B cells show Ig H-chain gene rearrangements, allelic exclusion, produce both membrane-bound and secreted forms of Ig, and transduce intracellular proliferative signals upon anti-Ig cross-linking. It has also been found that some fish B cells express a unique chimeric Ig chain with sequence homology to mammalian Ig delta. Teleost T cells are still indirectly defined as sIg- lymphocytes due to a lack of definitive surface markers. These mIg- lymphocytes are the responding cells in mixed leukocyte cultures, proliferate specifically to autologously processed and presented antigen, provide helper function for in vitro antibody responses, and produce interleukin-like factors upon activation. Recent identification of teleost T-cell receptor alpha and beta genes has now permitted the unequivocal genetic demonstration that some of these mIg- cells are bona fide T cells. It is anticipated that such long-term clonal cell lines will be indispensable tools for dissecting the physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of teleost immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA.
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The Specific Immune System: Humoral Defense. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
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van Ginkel FW, Miller NW, Cuchens MA, Clem LW. Activation of channel catfish B cells by membrane immunoglobulin cross-linking. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 1994; 18:97-107. [PMID: 8082819 DOI: 10.1016/0145-305x(94)90238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates for the first time that teleost, specifically channel catfish, B cells proliferate in response to membrane immunoglobulin (mIgM) cross-linking. An early activation event mediated by anti-IgM ligation involved a rapid increase in intracellular calcium levels similar to the situation seen in mammalian B cells. In addition, catfish B cells, like mammalian B cells, did not exhibit such calcium changes following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Another consequence of catfish B cell mIgM cross linking was the rapid induction of intracellular protein phosphorylation. A number of proteins were phosphorylated on tyrosine residues within minutes after anti-Ig stimulation, indicating the activation of protein tyrosine kinases similar to the situation observed in mammalian B cells. These early intracellular activation events suggest that fish B cells, like mammalian B cells, employ a conserved signal transduction system upon mIgM ligation. This ability to transduce activation signals, coupled with the fact that catfish mIgM have a very short cytoplasmic tail, implies that catfish mIgM is probably associated with accessory molecules required for signal transduction. In this regard, several of the tyrosine phosphorylated catfish proteins exhibited relative molecular weights similar to the mammalian Ig-alpha and Ig-beta/gamma accessory molecules, and may represent candidates for the putative catfish mIgM accessory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W van Ginkel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216
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Vallejo AN, Miller NW, Warr GW, Gentry GA, Clem LW. Phylogeny of immune recognition: fine specificity of fish immune repertoires to cytochrome C. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 1993; 17:229-240. [PMID: 7686867 DOI: 10.1016/0145-305x(93)90042-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using the structurally defined protein antigen cytochrome C, studies were conducted in an attempt to delineate the fine specificities of channel catfish immune repertoires. We have previously reported that species variants of cytochrome C were cross-stimulatory to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from catfish immunized with the pigeon variant. Molecular database analyses revealed the existence of overlapping epitopes that appear to define the specificity of the immune response to a "family" of closely related antigens. To further explore these observations, studies were conducted to determine the contribution of peptide 81-104 to the immunogenicity of cytochrome C. Current data showed that peptide 81-104 and intact cytochrome C were stimulatory to PBL from fish previously immunized with the native molecule. In contrast, PBL from fish previously primed with the peptide 81-104 responded only to the immunizing peptide as well as to some, but not all, variants of the peptide 81-104. The differences in the stimulatory capacities of the peptide variants appeared to correlate with amino acid substitutions at various positions of the peptide and changes in their predicted secondary structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Vallejo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic/Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905
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Estepa A, Coll JM. Enhancement of fish mortality by rhabdovirus infection after immunization with a viral nucleoprotein peptide. Viral Immunol 1993; 6:237-43. [PMID: 7513169 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1993.6.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A similar sequence to a mouse immunodominant CTL peptide (SYVLQGN, single-letter amino acid code, conserved amino acids underlined) identified in the nucleoproteins of several strains of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (37) was found in the nucleoproteins of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) of salmonid fish (GYVYQGL in VHSV 07.71 and GYVYQGS in VHSV Makah) and not in the nucleoproteins of other rhabdoviruses. The in vivo immunization of fingerling salmonid fish (rainbow trout Onchorynchus mykiss, W) with this VHSV peptide and their subsequent challenge with VHSV resulted in the enhancement rather than in the reduction of fingerling trout mortality. Possible implications for the development of subunit vaccines against VHSV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estepa
- CISA, Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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Evans DL, Jaso-Friedmann L. Nonspecific cytotoxic cells as effectors of immunity in fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(92)90059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bengtén E, Leanderson T, Pilström L. Immunoglobulin heavy chain cDNA from the teleost Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): nucleotide sequences of secretory and membrane form show an unusual splicing pattern. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:3027-33. [PMID: 1748150 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830211219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit antibodies to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) immunoglobulin were affinity purified and used to screen cDNA libraries from spleen and head kidney mRNA. cDNA clones for both the secretory and membrane-bound heavy (H) chain were isolated, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of which are reported here. Comparisons of the cod secretory H chain amino acid sequence show 24%, 27%, 30% identity to the mu chain of Mus, Xenopus and Ictalurus, respectively. The highest degree of identity was observed in the CH4 domain. The cDNA encoding the transmembrane form shows a novel splicing pattern where the TM1 exon is spliced directly onto the CH3 domain and not to the CH4 domain as in other animal groups. Southern blot analyses with VH and C probes on genomic DNA from cod erythrocytes indicate that there is a unique C gene but several V genes in the cod immunoglobulin H chain locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bengtén
- Department of Immunology, BMC, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Vallejo AN, Ellsaesser CF, Miller NW, Clem LW. Spontaneous development of functionally active long-term monocytelike cell lines from channel catfish. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1991; 27A:279-86. [PMID: 1856153 DOI: 10.1007/bf02630904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the course of studies involving the in vitro manipulation of channel catfish peripheral blood leukocytes, spontaneous proliferation was observed with unexpectedly high frequency. Propagation of these spontaneously proliferating cells has resulted in the development of long-term (greater than 11 mo.) cell lines which stain positively for nonspecific esterase and peroxidase, are phagocytic for latex beads, and morphologically resemble mammalian monocytes or macrophages. These long-term cell lines also exhibit two important additional functional features. First, induction with lipopolysaccharide results in the secretion of relatively high levels of catfish high and low molecular weight species of interleukin-1 active on channel catfish and mouse T cells, respectively. Second, these cell lines are efficient antigen-presenting cells to autologous peripheral blood leukocytes for antigen specific in vitro proliferative and antibody responses. This antigen-presenting function is blocked by inhibitors known to prevent antigen processing and presentation by mammalian monocytes. Allogeneic mixtures of cell line (used as antigen-presenting cells) and responding peripheral blood leukocytes, however, resulted in strong mixed leukocyte reaction but not in specific antibody responses. The availability of such cell lines should facilitate further studies on accessory cell functions in fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Vallejo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216
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