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Chiang EY, Henson M, Stroynowski I. The nonclassical major histocompatibility complex molecule Qa-2 protects tumor cells from NK cell- and lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated cytolysis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:2200-11. [PMID: 11859106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activity of NK cells is regulated by class I MHC proteins. Although much has been learned about NK recognition of class I autologous targets, the mechanisms of NK self-tolerance are poorly understood. To examine the role of a nonpolymorphic, ubiquitously expressed class Ib Ag, Q9, we expressed it on class I-deficient and NK-sensitive B78H1 melanoma. Presence of this Qa-2 family member on tumor cells partially protected targets from lysis by bulk lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. H-2K(b)-expressing B78H1 targets also reduced LAK cell activity, while H-2D(b) offered no protection. Importantly, blocking with F(ab')(2) specific for Q9 or removal of this GPI-attached molecule by phospholipase C cleavage restored killing to the level of vector-transfected cells. Experiments with LAK cells derived from H2(b) SCID and B6 mice established that NK1.1(+)TCR(-) NK and NK1.1(+)TCR(+) LAK cells were the prevalent cytolytic populations inhibitable by Q9. Treatment of mice with poly(I:C) also resulted in generation of Q9-regulated splenic cytotoxicity. LAK cells from different mouse strains responded to Q9, suggesting that the protective effect of this molecule is not detectably influenced by Ly49 polymorphisms or the presence/absence of Q9 in NK-harboring hosts. We propose that Q9 expressed on melanoma cells serves as a ligand for yet unidentified NK inhibitory receptor(s) expressed on NK1.1(+) NK/T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Chiang
- Center for Immunology, Departments of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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2
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Alamartine E, Videcoq C, Saby P, Sabido O, Berthoux F. T lymphocytes expressing NK antigens: kinetics after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:419-20. [PMID: 10715462 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)00835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Alamartine
- Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Glomérulonéphrites et la Transplantation Rénale and the Centre Commun de Cytométrie en flux, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Etienne, France
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3
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Wakasugi H, Miyazaki K, Maruoka H, Kato K, Miyata M, Sugimura T, Terada M. Regression and prevention of autochthonous tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene after injection of a T-cell receptor alpha /beta positive and CD4/CD8 double negative T-cells. Immunol Lett 1999; 69:329-37. [PMID: 10528797 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the therapeutic and preventative effects of a murine T-cell line, tMK-2, with T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta positive and CD4-/8- double negative (DN) phenotype against autochthonously tumors induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) were examined. Complete regression of the tumor was observed when administration of tMK-2 cells was begun on tumors 5 mm in diameter. The tumor mass in five out of five mice was reduced in size after the administration of tMK-2 cells regardless of the routes of administration: s.c. injection of tMK-2 cells (5 x 10(7) cells) once a week around tumors, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (5 x 10(7) cells), or intravenous (i.v.) injection (1 x 10(7) cells). The tumors regressed to the status of a scar within 1 month of initial injection, and this status was maintained throughout the remainder of the 3 months period of tMK-2 cell injection. One month after discontinuation of tMK-2 cell administration, the diameter of the tumors had not increased regardless of the route of injection. The control groups consisted of either untreated mice, mice with i.v. injection of 1 microg of recombinant murine interleukin (IL)-12 once a week, or mice with s.c. injection of autologous splenocytes (5 x 10(7)) from BALB/c mice once a week. Continuous growth of tumors was observed in each group and all control mice died due to bleeding ulcerations of the tumors. Tumor development was effectively prevented when tMK-2 cells were administrated 1 week after the s.c. injection of MC. In the groups receiving s.c., i.p., and i.v. injection of tMK-2 cells, no MC-induced tumors developed, whereas four out of five of the control mice developed autochthonous tumors. The tMK-2 cells also exerted in vitro NK-like cytotoxic activity, and their killing activity was strongly increased in the presence of both IL-2 and IL-12. These results suggest that the injected T-cells with TCR alpha/beta positive and CD4- /8- DN phenotype and NK-like activity are important in the therapy as well as the prevention of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wakasugi
- Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Rohrer JW, Barsoum AL, Dyess DL, Tucker JA, Coggin JH. Human Breast Carcinoma Patients Develop Clonable Oncofetal Antigen-Specific Effector and Regulatory T Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Oncofetal Ag (OFA) is a 44-kDa glycoprotein expressed during early to mid-gestation fetal development and re-expressed as a surface Ag by tumor cells soon after transformation. The Ag is detectable on all types of human and rodent tumors tested, but is undetectable on normal cells. In experimental animals it is autoimmunogenic and induces potentially protective T cell responses both after experimental immunization and during tumor development subsequent to carcinogenic insult. To determine whether this tumor-associated Ag is also immunogenic for human T lymphocytes, breast carcinoma patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes were stimulated in vitro with autologous tumor cells in the presence of IL-2, γ-IFN, and IL-6 for 2 wk. The tumor-reactive cells were then restimulated and cloned by limiting dilution, and the clones were analyzed. We established 24, 19, 11, and 16 tumor-reactive clones from the four respective patients. Of those, 4, 6, 4, and 7, respectively, proliferated specifically to purified OFA. Both CD4 and CD8 OFA-specific clones were established, which responded equally well to purified OFA or 32- to 44-kDa immature laminin receptor protein. All were CD3+, TCR-αβ+. All CD4 clones secreted γ-IFN, but neither secreted IL-4 nor IL-10. Both IFN-γ-secreting cytotoxic CD8 clones and IL-10-secreting inhibitory CD8 clones were established. Thus, during human cancer development, the same types of OFA-specific effector and regulatory T cells are induced as during murine T lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Rohrer
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Adel L. Barsoum
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Donna L. Dyess
- †Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36693; and
| | - J. Alann Tucker
- ‡Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36617
| | - Joseph H. Coggin
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688
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5
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Robinson CP, Cornelius J, Bounous DI, Yamamoto H, Humphreys-Beher MG, Peck AB. Infiltrating lymphocyte populations and cytokine production in the salivary and lacrimal glands of autoimmune NOD mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 438:493-7. [PMID: 9634926 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5359-5_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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6
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Ikarashi Y, Maruoka H, Shinohara K, Sugimura T, Terada M, Wakasugi H. Mouse NK1.1+ cytotoxic T cells can be generated by IL-2 exposure from lymphocytes which express an intermediate level of T cell receptor. Immunol Lett 1998; 61:165-73. [PMID: 9657270 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NK-like T cells which express the NK1.1 molecule and CD3 (or TCR) of intermediate level (CD3int or TCRint cells) were recently demonstrated to be present in various immune organs, and to have NK-like cytotoxic activity against NK target cells. In this study, we investigated whether NK1.1- T cells could express NK1.1. We found that NK1.1+ TCRint cells were much more abundant in the liver (20%) than in the spleen (2%). When hepatic and splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured either in the absence of IL-2 or in the presence of CD3/TCR cross-linking, the original NK1.1+ TCRint cells disappeared. However, when they were cultured in the presence of a high dose of IL-2 for 4 days, a new type of NK1.1+ T cell was formed to the extent of approximately 15-20%, and the liver and spleen contained similar percentages of this new type of NK1.1+ T cells. The phenotypes of the original and the new type of NK1.1+ T cells were clearly distinct. The freshly obtained NK1.1+ TCRint cells consisted of double-negative (DN) CD4-CD8- cells and single-positive (SP) CD4+ cells, whereas the new type of NK1.1+ T cells predominantly consisted of DN CD4-CD8- cells and SP CD8+ cells and expressed a high level of CD3 (CD3high or TCRhigh cells). When NK1.1- cells or IL-2 receptor beta-chain (IL-2Rbeta)- cells were isolated from the liver and spleen, and cultured in the presence of IL-2 for 4 days, NK1.1+ T cells were generated from NK1.1- cells, but not from IL-2Rbeta- cells. Our results suggested that the NK1.1- cells, but not IL-2Rbeta- cells, contained the precursor of IL-2-stimulated NK1.1+ TCRhigh cells. When purified NK1.1- IL-2Rbeta+ TCRint cells were cultured in the presence of IL-2 for 4 days, approximately 10% of the cells became NK1.1+ TCRhigh cells. Approximately 60% of the purified NK1.1+ TCRint cells lost NK1.1 expression. The IL-2-stimulated NK1.1+ TCRhigh cells that had arisen from NK1.1- TCRint cells exerted an NK cell-like cytotoxic activity similar to that of the original NK1.1+ T cells. Thus, NK1.1- TCRint cells could express NK1.1 and exert NK-like cytotoxic activity regardless of their origin. It appears that NK1.1+ TCRhigh cells can only be induced through an IL-2-stimulation pathway but not via CD3/TCR cross-linking.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Linking Reagents
- Female
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ikarashi
- Section for Studies of Host-Immune Response, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Robinson CP, Cornelius J, Bounous DE, Yamamoto H, Humphreys-Beher MG, Peck AB. Characterization of the changing lymphocyte populations and cytokine expression in the exocrine tissues of autoimmune NOD mice. Autoimmunity 1998; 27:29-44. [PMID: 9482205 DOI: 10.3109/08916939809008035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NOD mice develop chronic lymphocytic invasion of the pancreas, submandibular, and lacrimal glands leading to loss of insulin secretion, salivary flow, and tear production. In this study, we have used flow cytometric analyses and RT-PCR to track glandular lymphocyte populations and cytokine expression spanning the initiation of autoimmune infiltration through the development of widespread autoimmune destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands of NOD mice. Results demonstrate a predominance of CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocytes and a similar predominance of T-cells versus B-cells in both the submandibular and lacrimal gland infiltrates. A temporal increase in memory (CD3+CD45RBlo) T-cells was also detected; however, naive (CD3+CD45RBhi) T-cell populations as well as a CD3+, CD4-/CD8- double negative population were also present. In addition, a skewing of the TCR Vbeta repertoire toward Vbeta6+ and Vbeta8+ lymphocytes was evident in both glandular infiltrates. Analyses of cytokine mRNA expression in the submandibular glands demonstrated an increase between 12 and 16 wk of age of several proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). IL-4 synthesis was notably absent in both tissues. Cytokine mRNA transcripts detected in lacrimal tissue were similar to those seen in the submandibular glands but appeared both earlier and more intensely. These findings depict the progressive development of autoimmune exocrinopathy and can be used as a foundation to explore the similarities and potential differences in the immunopathogenic lesions of several distinct tissues within the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32601, USA
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8
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Kawamura T, Takeda K, Mendiratta SK, Kawamura H, Van Kaer L, Yagita H, Abo T, Okumura K. Cutting Edge: Critical Role of NK1+ T Cells in IL-12-Induced Immune Responses In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD1-dependent NK1+ T cells rapidly produce IL-4 upon stimulation through the TCR. These cells may therefore play an important role in the initiation of Th2 responses. Here, we show that NK1+ T cells constitutively express receptors for IL-12 and IFN-γ, and that IL-12 induces production of perforin in these cells. Moreover, while IL-12 induces high levels of IFN-γ and cytotoxic activity of hepatic or splenic mononuclear cells against tumor cells, this effect of IL-12 is significantly reduced in CD1-deficient mice with impaired NK1+ T cells development. These results indicate that NK1+ T cells play a critical role in IL-12-induced production of IFN-γ to initiate Th1 immune responses and as IL-12-induced cytotoxic effector cells to initiate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kawamura
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- *Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- †Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology (JST) Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sanjeev K. Mendiratta
- ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawamura
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- *Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- †Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology (JST) Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Abo
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- *Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- †Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology (JST) Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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9
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Kumagai K, Takeda K, Hashimoto W, Seki S, Ogasawara K, Anzai R, Takahashi M, Sato M, Rikiishi H. Interleukin-12 as an inducer of cytotoxic effectors in anti-tumor immunity. Int Rev Immunol 1997; 14:229-56. [PMID: 9131389 DOI: 10.3109/08830189709116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Rolink A, ten Boekel E, Melchers F, Fearon DT, Krop I, Andersson J. A subpopulation of B220+ cells in murine bone marrow does not express CD19 and contains natural killer cell progenitors. J Exp Med 1996; 183:187-94. [PMID: 8551222 PMCID: PMC2192422 DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.1.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow of both normal and rearrangement-deficient mice contains a small population of B220(CD45R)+ cells, which do not express the B lineage marker CD19. Instead, part of this population coexpresses the surface marker CD43 and lacks or expresses very low levels of heat stable antigen (HSA) and BP-1, thus representing a part of Hardy's fraction A (B220(+)-CD43+HSA-, BP-1-) of B lineage development. However, some 20-40% of these B220(+)-CD19- cells also coexpress the NK1.1 surface molecule and do not express genes like VpreB or B29 restricted to the B cell lineage. These cells respond to recombinant interleukin 2 in vitro, and develop into killer cells that can lyse the prototypic NK target tumor cell, YAC-1, as well as syngeneic normal lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A blasts, providing they lack the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The implications of these findings for studies on B lymphopoiesis are discussed. It is suggested that the CD19-specific monoclonal antibody is more reliable, as in humans, than B220(CD45R) to detect B lineage cells in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD19/analysis
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Chromium/metabolism
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated
- Killer Cells, Natural/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/analysis
- Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry
- Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rolink
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
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11
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Gallucci RM, Meadows GG. Ethanol consumption reduces the cytolytic activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995; 19:402-9. [PMID: 7625574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (20% w/v) given to female C57BL/6 mice in their drinking water reduces splenic natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity after 2, 4, and 10 weeks of consumption. This reduction is transient because the levels of NK cell cytotoxicity from ethanol-consuming mice are nearly equal to those of water-drinking mice after splenocytes were incubated in 1000 IU/ml of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) for 16-18 hr. In this study, mice were given 20% w/v ethanol in the drinking water for 2 weeks. Splenic NK cells were enriched up to 88% by negative selection based on surface expression of NK1.1. Enriched NK cells were expanded in rIL2 for 6 days. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from both ethanol-consuming and water-drinking mice were > 95% NK1.1+. LAK cell cytolytic activity was significantly lower against NK-insensitive P815 mastocytoma [6.67 +/- 2.18 vs. 17.21 +/- 1.8 lytic units (LUs), p < 0.01], moderately NK-sensitive B16 melanoma (25.3 +/- 6.6 vs. 66.2 +/- 14.2 LU, p < 0.05), and NK-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma targets (80.5 +/- 34.7 vs. 177.0 +/- 43.6 LU, p < 0.005) in cells from ethanol-consuming mice compared with water-drinking controls. Ethanol consumption did not affect the morphology or phenotype of LAK cells with respect to surface expression of NK1.1, B220, CD3, CD25, CD11a, CD54, CD45RB, or class I major histocompatibility complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6510, USA
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12
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Gallucci RM, Pfister LJ, Meadows GG. Effects of ethanol consumption on enriched natural killer cells from C57BL/6 mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994; 18:625-31. [PMID: 7943666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (20% w/v) given to female, C57BL/6 mice in their drinking water was previously shown to suppress natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity in a mixed splenocyte population. The present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that ethanol consumption independently results in inhibition of NK cell cytolytic activity. Mice were given 20% w/v ethanol in the drinking water for 2 weeks, and splenic NK cells were enriched up to 88% based on surface expression of NK1.1. Cytolytic activity of these freshly enriched NK cells from ethanol-consuming mice against YAC-1 lymphoma cells was inhibited an average of 41% relative to water-drinking controls. Cytolytic activity of enriched NK cells from ethanol-consuming mice was stimulated to levels equal to control water-drinking mice after 16- to 18-hr incubation in 1000 units/ml recombinant interleukin 2. These data indicate that in vitro cytolytic activity of NK cells from ethanol-consuming mice is inhibited in the absence of other modulatory leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6510
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13
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Parrado A, Casares S, Rodríguez-Fernández JM. Natural killer cytotoxicity and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with acute leukemia. Leuk Res 1994; 18:191-7. [PMID: 7511191 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(94)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have studied lymphocyte subpopulations and the NK cytotoxicity of the PBMC from acute leukemia patients in complete remission after chemotherapy or ABMT and from normal donors. We have found a positive linear correlation between the percentage of subpopulations with CD3-CD16+, CD3-CD56+ and CD3-CD8+ phenotypes and the percentage of NK cytotoxicity. The slopes of the regression lines in the two groups of patients were lower than in normal donors, indicating a decreased ability of these cells to operate. The percentages of these subpopulations represent parameters for estimating the percentage of NK cytotoxicity both in normal donors and in patients with acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parrado
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Takeda K, Dennert G. The development of autoimmunity in C57BL/6 lpr mice correlates with the disappearance of natural killer type 1-positive cells: evidence for their suppressive action on bone marrow stem cell proliferation, B cell immunoglobulin secretion, and autoimmune symptoms. J Exp Med 1993; 177:155-64. [PMID: 8418197 PMCID: PMC2190856 DOI: 10.1084/jem.177.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
F1 hybrid mice are able to acutely reject parental marrow grafts, a phenomenon that is due to natural killer type 1-positive (NK1+) cells. Circumstantial evidence had suggested that the antigenic determinants recognized by these cells are self-antigens, leading to the hypothesis that the physiological role of NK1+ cells is a downregulatory or suppressive function on bone marrow stem cell proliferation and lymphocyte function. In analyzing this hypothesis it is shown here that in young mice there is a temporal correlation between appearance of NK1+ cells in the spleen and the ability to reject allogeneic marrow or to suppress endogenous stem cell proliferation. The reverse situation exists in mice expressing the homozygous lpr gene. Whereas in young mice cells with NK1+ phenotype are demonstrable, these cells disappear with age, i.e., at the time autoimmunity develops. Concomitant with the disappearance of NK1+ cells, the ability to reject marrow grafts and to control endogenous stem cell proliferation also vanishes. The suggestion that the development of autoimmunity is causally related to the disappearance of NK1+ cells is supported by experiments in which NK1+ cells were either eliminated by antibody injection or increased by adoptively transferring cell populations enriched for NK1+ cells into lpr mice. It is shown that removal of cells enhances autoimmunity, whereas injection of NK1+ cells delays the onset of autoimmunity. In vitro assays are presented that demonstrate that suppression of autoantibody-secreting B cells is due to two NK1+ cell populations, one that expresses CD3 and causes specific suppression and one that lacks CD3 and causes nonspecific suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takeda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033
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