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Dhariwala MO, Karthikeyan D, Vasquez KS, Farhat S, Weckel A, Taravati K, Leitner EG, Clancy S, Pauli M, Piper ML, Cohen JN, Ashouri JF, Lowe MM, Rosenblum MD, Scharschmidt TC. Developing Human Skin Contains Lymphocytes Demonstrating a Memory Signature. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100132. [PMID: 33294857 PMCID: PMC7691438 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes in barrier tissues play critical roles in host defense and homeostasis. These cells take up residence in tissues during defined developmental windows, when they may demonstrate distinct phenotypes and functions. Here, we utilized mass and flow cytometry to elucidate early features of human skin immunity. Although most conventional αβ T (Tconv) cells in fetal skin have a naive, proliferative phenotype, a subset of CD4+ Tconv and CD8+ cells demonstrate memory-like features and a propensity for interferon (IFN)γ production. Skin regulatory T cells dynamically accumulate over the second trimester in temporal and regional association with hair follicle development. These fetal skin regulatory T cells (Tregs) demonstrate an effector memory phenotype while differing from their adult counterparts in expression of key effector molecules. Thus, we identify features of prenatal skin lymphocytes that may have key implications for understanding antigen and allergen encounters in utero and in infancy. CyTOF reveals a complex lymphocyte landscape in developing human skin Developing skin contains CD45RO+ conventional T cells with propensity to produce IFNγ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in skin before birth display effector memory properties Skin Tregs increase in conjunction with initial hair follicle morphogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dhuvarakesh Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kimberly S Vasquez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Keyon Taravati
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Leitner
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sean Clancy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mariela Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Merisa L Piper
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Judith F Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Pillay P, Moodley K, Vatish M, Moodley J, Duarte R, Mackraj I. Exosomal Th1/Th2 cytokines in preeclampsia and HIV-positive preeclamptic women on highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Cytokine 2019; 125:154795. [PMID: 31398625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which is a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, HIV/Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment has been associated with the increased risk of preeclampsia due to maternal immune reconstitution, which complicates the clinical diagnosis of PE in these patients. It is therefore necessary to identify biomarkers involved in the pathology of both disorders with the intent to diagnose. Exosomal cytokines represent ideal biomarkers of PE and inflammatory conditions due to their immunomodulatory role in pregnancy. We therefore quantified exosomal Th1 (IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10) in maternal circulation. A significant dysregulation in total exosomes, placental-derived exosomes and exosomal cytokines in PE and HIV-positive PE pregnant woman on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) was observed (p < 0.01). Additionally, we observed a significant shift towards Th1 immunity in PE which becomes amplified in HIV-positive PE pregnant woman on HAART (p < 0.01). Moreover, we show the potential application of exosomal Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a biomarker of PE and PE in HIV-positive pregnant women on HAART (CI: 95%, LHR > 10, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90%). These findings are in support of exosome release and exosome cytokine encapsulation as a tightly regulated process in favour of maintaining the immune microenvironment, which can orchestrate either normal pregnancy, or the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and preeclampsia in HIV/HAART pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogi Moodley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Withers SS, Moore PF, Chang H, Choi JW, McSorley SJ, Kent MS, Monjazeb AM, Canter RJ, Murphy WJ, Sparger EE, Rebhun RB. Multi-color flow cytometry for evaluating age-related changes in memory lymphocyte subsets in dogs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:64-74. [PMID: 29859828 PMCID: PMC6197816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While dogs are increasingly being utilized as large-animal models of disease, important features of age-related immunosenescence in the dog have yet to be evaluated due to the lack of defined naïve vs. memory T lymphocyte phenotypes. We therefore performed multi-color flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and aged beagles, and determined the differential cytokine production by proposed memory subsets. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in aged dogs displayed increased cytokine production, and decreased proliferative capacity. Antibodies targeting CD45RA and CD62L, but less so CD28 or CD44, defined canine cells that consistently exhibited properties of naïve-, central memory-, effector memory-, and terminal effector-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. Older dogs demonstrated decreased frequencies of naïve-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and an increased frequency of terminal effector-like CD8+ T lymphocytes. Overall findings revealed that aged dogs displayed features of immunosenescence similar to those reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita S Withers
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hong Chang
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jin W Choi
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95716, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Su TF, Zhao YQ, Zhang LH, Peng M, Wu CH, Pei L, Tian B, Zhang J, Shi J, Pan HL, Li M. Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:624-35. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T.-F. Su
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - Y.-Q. Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - L.-H. Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - M. Peng
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - C.-H. Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - L. Pei
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - B. Tian
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - J. Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
| | - H.-L. Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer; Houston; TX; 77030; USA
| | - M. Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 13 Hangkong Road; Wuhan; 430030; China
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Vasoprotection by dietary supplements and exercise: role of TNFα signaling. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:972679. [PMID: 22110483 PMCID: PMC3206370 DOI: 10.1155/2012/972679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Dietary supplements, including fish oil, dietary fibers, and various natural products, and exercise training exert vasoprotective effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the vasoprotective benefits of dietary supplements and physical activity demand extensive investigation. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) plays a pivotal role in the dysregulation of macrovascular and microvascular function. TNFα induces vascular inflammation, monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, vascular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and atherogenic response and participates in the regulation of thrombosis and coagulation through multiple signaling pathways involving NFκB, Sp1, activator protein 1, JNK, p38, STAT3, and so forth. Dietary supplements and exercise training decrease TNFα production and ameliorate TNFα-mediated pathological changes in vasculature. Thus, the inhibitory effects of dietary supplements and physical exercise on TNFα production and TNFα signaling may contribute to their vasoprotective properties.
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Lidington EA, McCormack AM, Yacoub MH, Rose ML. The effects of monocytes on the transendothelial migration of T lymphocytes. Immunology 1998; 94:221-7. [PMID: 9741344 PMCID: PMC1364208 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo cell-mediated immune reactions are characterized by mixtures of monocytes and T cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of monocytes on T-cell migration and induction of endothelial adhesion molecules. The in vitro model consisted of adding peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), T cells or mixtures of monocytes and T cells, to endothelial cells on a porous membrane and using flow cytometry to distinguish between the monocyte and lymphocyte components. PBMC and PBMC supernatants were highly potent at upregulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inducing expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. Induction by supernatants was inhibited by antibodies to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL)-1 beta. Using monocyte-enriched populations, as few as one monocyte to 100 endothelial cells was sufficient to upregulate adhesion molecules. Fixed monocytes also induced adhesion molecules and expressed surface-bound cytokines. In contrast, highly purified unstimulated T cells were not found to induce adhesion molecules at 4, 6, 24 or 48 hr of coculture. Purified T cells showed low-level migration through resting (VCAM-1 negative) endothelium, which was approximately doubled by addition of small numbers of monocytes or TNF-alpha. In conclusion, monocytes, via cell surface or released cytokines play an essential role in allowing large-scale recruitment of T cells to inflammatory sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lidington
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, UK
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Boucher N, Dufeu-Duchesne T, Vicaut E, Farge D, Effros RB, Schächter F. CD28 expression in T cell aging and human longevity. Exp Gerontol 1998; 33:267-82. [PMID: 9615924 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(97)00132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional decrements of the immune system have a major contribution to aging and age-related diseases. Here, we further characterize the decline in proportion of CD28-positive T cells previously identified in centenarians. Cohorts of 97 centenarians, 40 subjects aged 70-90 (ELD group), and 40 young adults (under age 40) were phenotyped for T cell surface expression of CD28, CD4, and CD8 antigens. The significant decline in T cells expressing CD28 (p < 10(-4) for comparisons between adults and either ELD or centenarians) affects preferentially the CD8+ subset of T cells. This decline accounts largely for the age-related diminution of T cell responsiveness to mitogenic signals. CD28 expression is modulated in T cell cultures in a growth-related fashion and this modulation is dampened in cultures from centenarians. We propose that the decrease in CD28 expression reflects a compensatory adaptation of the immune system during aging in the face of chronic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boucher
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
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Estoppey O, Sauty A, Espel E, Menoud Z, Frei PC, Spertini F. Epitope-specific engagement of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression via transcriptional mechanisms. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:1475-80. [PMID: 8766549 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The common leukocyte antigen CD45 plays a central role in T cell activation in coupling the T cell receptor (TCR) to the phosphatidylinositol pathway via interactions with TCR-associated protein tyrosine kinases lck and fyn. We here demonstrate that engagement of CD45 by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on activated T cells induces tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as TNF-beta, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-3 gene expression. When human alloreactive T cells are stimulated with mAb 4B2, which recognizes a determinant common to all CD45 isoforms, a vigorous production of TNF-alpha mRNA was detected, which peaked 2 h later. Anti-CD45 mAb cross-linking was required. In contrast, neither mAb 10G10, which recognizes an epitope distinct from the one recognized by mAb 4B2, nor mAb UCHL-1, a CD45RO-specific antibody, induced any significant increase in TNF-alpha transcription. Nuclear run-on transcription assays demonstrated that CD45 cross-linking caused transcriptional activation of the TNF-alpha gene. De novo protein synthesis was not required, since incubation with cycloheximide (CHX) did not block transcriptional activation. CHX in contrast up-regulated TNF-alpha gene expression and increased transcript half-life, an effect that was under control of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Engagement of CD45 by itself did not affect transcript stability. CD45 ligation resulted in TNF-alpha secretion. These results indicate that in addition to its role in TCR/CD3-mediated T cell activation, CD45, in an epitope-specific manner, may act as a primary signaling molecule, leading to the transcriptional regulation and secretion of a major pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Estoppey
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Renner C, Jung W, Sahin U, van Lier R, Pfreundschuh M. The role of lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules in T cell-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by CD3 and CD28 bispecific monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:2027-33. [PMID: 7621876 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830250734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The cure of human Hodgkin's tumors heterotransplanted into SCID mice can be achieved by two bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bi-mAb) directed against the tumor-associated CD30 antigen and CD3 and CD28, respectively, and normal peripheral human blood T cells. We investigated the role of lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules in this Bi-mAb-mediated cytolysis. CD4+ lymphocytes were the most rapidly expanding subpopulation, but Bi-mAb-directed cytotoxicity was mediated preferentially by CD8+ lymphocytes and effector cells belonging to the CD45RO+ "memory" pool. Blocking of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 or CD2/LFA-3 adhesion pathways by mAb decreased Bi-mAb-mediated cytotoxicity. This was not due to inhibition of aggregate formation between Bi-mAb-coated T lymphocytes and target cells. Cross-linking of LFA-1 or CD2 molecules on lymphocytes prestimulated with Bi-mAb bound to CD3 and CD28 antigen lead to a more pronounced and prolonged rise in the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+. Additional CD2 cross-linking resulted in the tyrosine phosphorylation of distinct proteins. These findings indicate that adhesion molecules play a critical role and function as co-stimulatory signals rather than as cellular contact mediators in CD3 and CD28 Bi-mAb-stimulated T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Renner
- Medizinische Klinik I. Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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Renner C, Jung W, Sahin U, Denfeld R, Pohl C, Trümper L, Hartmann F, Diehl V, van Lier R, Pfreundschuh M. Cure of xenografted human tumors by bispecific monoclonal antibodies and human T cells. Science 1994; 264:833-5. [PMID: 8171337 DOI: 10.1126/science.8171337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy should increase both the number of T cells that kill the tumor and the likelihood that those cells are activated at the tumor site. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bi-mAbs) were designed that bound to a Hodgkin's tumor-associated antigen (CD30) on the tumor and to either CD3 or CD28 on the T cell. Immunodeficient mice were cured of established human tumors when mice were treated with both the CD3-CD30 and the CD28-CD30 Bi-mAbs and then given human peripheral blood lymphocytes that had been incubated with the CD3-CD30 Bi-mAb and cells that expressed CD30. The enrichment of human T cells within the tumor and the fact that established tumors can be cured may indicate in situ activation of both the T cell receptor and the costimulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Renner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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Rewinski MJ, Yang TJ. Lactation stage-dependent changes in levels of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin in milk. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 31:170-6. [PMID: 8060499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1994.tb00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Determination of lactation stage-dependent changes in levels of tumor neurosis factor (TNF) in milk. METHOD Bioassay and immunoblocking assay were used to identify and assay tumor necrosis factor (TNF; mostly TNF alpha) in bovine milk at different stages of lactation. RESULTS TNF alpha levels in milk started to increase steadily after the onset of drying-off (weaning/involution), peaked at 4 to 6 wk prior to parturition and precipitously decreased to undetectable levels at parturition (colostrum). Thereafter, TNF alpha reappeared and maintained midlevel concentration in the mature (normal) milk throughout the rest of the lactation cycle. Analysis of cells in mammary secretions by flow cytometry revealed that elevated TNF alpha levels coincided with an increase in macrophages in the secretion from the dry period. CONCLUSIONS These lactation stage-dependent changes in TNF alpha levels reflect differential effects that TNF alpha have on involution and prepartum remodeling of the mammary gland of the dam and on gastrointestinal development and immunoregulatory function of the suckling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rewinski
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-3089
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12
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Pohl C, Denfeld R, Renner C, Jung W, Bohlen H, Sahin U, Hombach A, van Lier R, Schwonzen M, Diehl V. CD30-antigen-specific targeting and activation of T cells via murine bispecific monoclonal antibodies against CD3 and CD28: potential use for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Cancer 1993; 54:820-7. [PMID: 7686889 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910540517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking of specific tumor antigens with the T-cell-associated CD3 and CD28 antigens can increase IL-2 secretion, proliferation and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in resting T cells. This cross-linking can be achieved effectively by bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BiMAb) with specificity for both the tumor antigen and CD3 or CD28 antigen, respectively. To take advantage of the enhanced activation of CD3 pre-activated T cells by additional activation via the CD28 antigen, BiMAb OKT3/HRS-3 with reactivity to both CD3 and the Hodgkin's-lymphoma-associated CD30 antigen and the BiMAb 15E8/HRS-3 with reactivity to both CD28 and CD30 antigen were generated by hybridoma fusion. Resting T cells, represented by Jurkat cells (CD3+/CD28+) were specifically activated to produce IL-2 by co-cultivation with an EBV-transformed B-cell line (LAZ509, CD30+/CD19+) only in the presence of the CD30/CD28 cross-linking BiMAb and an additional cross-linking anti-CD3/CD19 BiMAb (OKT3/6A4). Neither the cross-linking BiMAbs alone nor any combination of the monospecific parental MAbs induced a comparable IL-2 production by Jurkat cells in the presence of LAZ509. In addition, using a combination of these BiMAbs, an antigen-dependent cytotoxicity was induced by targeting APC-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes to CD30+ L540 cells. T cells, previously specifically activated by CD3/CD30 in the presence of CD30 antigen, were cytotoxic to CD30+ cell lines only after incubation with BiMAb anti-CD28/CD30. Neither of the BiMAbs nor any of the parental antibodies induced a comparable effect. Our results indicate that such BiMAbs may offer a new approach for specific immunotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma, which takes advantage of cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pohl
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
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