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Pisu AA, Siddi F, Cappellini G, Cardia R. Optical properties of nanostructured antiviral and anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22481-22492. [PMID: 37534260 PMCID: PMC10392868 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a computational study on the optical absorption properties of some systems of interest in the field of drug delivery. In particular we considered as drug molecules favipiravir (T705, an antiviral molecule) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU, an anticancer molecule) and, on the other hand, pure fullerenes (C24, B12N12, Ga12N12) and doped fullerenes (C23B, CB11N12) are considered as nanocarriers. Some combined configurations between the drug molecules and the carrier nanostructures have been then studied. The optical absorption properties of the above mentioned drug molecules and their carrier nanostructures in the free and bound states are obtained by a TD-DFT method, in gas phase and in aqueous solution. We perform a detailed analysis of the modifications arising in the absorption spectra that take place in some linked configurations between the drug molecules and the carrier nanostructures. These changes could be of importance as an optical fingerprint of the realized drug/carrier link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Angela Pisu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700 Monserrato CA I-09042 Italy
| | - Francesco Siddi
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700 Monserrato CA I-09042 Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700 Monserrato CA I-09042 Italy
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF) Italy
| | - Roberto Cardia
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700 Monserrato CA I-09042 Italy
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Balasubramanian K. Topological Peripheral Shapes and Distance-Based Characterization of Fullerenes C 20-C 720: Existence of Isoperipheral Fullerenes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1802303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Jannatun N, Chen N, Yu P, Shen W, Lu X. Three-Dimensional Cubic and Dice-Like Microstructures of Higher Fullerene C 78 with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical and Photoluminescence Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:348-353. [PMID: 32857431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The single-crystal micro/nanostructures of fullerene species, namely C60 and C70 , have been previously studied, but studies on the morphology and properties of higher fullerenes have rarely been reported due to the limited amount of samples and their ellipsoidal isomeric structures. Herein, we report the formation of three-dimensional (3D) micro-cubes and micro-dice of a higher fullerene (C78 ) via a facile liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) method. The micro-cubes were prepared by regulating the concentration of C78 in trimethylbenzene (TMB) and the volume ratio of TMB and isopropanol. Interestingly, the micro-cubes are transformed into micro-dice with an open-hole on each crystal face by simply shaking the solution. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic studies revealed a simple cubic unit cell with a lattice constant of 10.6 Å and intercalated TMB molecules in both crystals. The C78 cubic and dice-like microstructures exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence properties compared with pristine C78 powder, indicating their potential applications as photodetectors and photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahar Jannatun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die &, Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die &, Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pengyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die &, Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die &, Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die &, Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Paul D, Deb J, Sarkar U. A Detailed DFT Study on Electronic Structures and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Doped C
30. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Paul
- Department of PhysicsAssam University Silchar 788011 India
| | - Jyotirmoy Deb
- Department of PhysicsAssam University Silchar 788011 India
| | - Utpal Sarkar
- Department of PhysicsAssam University Silchar 788011 India
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5
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Pérez-Figueroa SE, Calaminici P, Köster AM. Hybrid ADFT Study of the C 104 and C 106 IPR Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4565-4574. [PMID: 31021089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a hybrid auxiliary density functional theory (ADFT) study of the neutral and hexaanionic C104 and C106 fullerenes with the aim to determine their ground state structures. To this end, all C104 and C106 fullerene structures that obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) were optimized with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation followed by a single-point energy calculation with the PBE0 hybrid functional. Our studies show that this composite approach yields relative energies of giant fullerenes that are accurate to around 1 kcal/mol. As a result, the ground states of C104, C1046-, and C1066- can be assigned to the isomers 234:Cs, 821:D2, and 891:Cs, respectively. On the other hand, the energetically lowest lying IPR isomers of C106, 331:Cs, 1194:C2, 534:C1 are separated by less than 1 kcal/mol which makes an unequivocal ground state assignment by hybrid DFT methods impossible. To guide future experiments, we also report the simulated IR and Raman spectra of the most stable neutral and hexaanionic C104 and C106 fullerenes.
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Albert K, Hsu HY. Carbon-Based Materials for Photo-Triggered Theranostic Applications. Molecules 2016; 21:E1585. [PMID: 27879628 PMCID: PMC6273851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials serve as a type of smart material for photo-triggered disease theranostics. The inherent physicochemical properties of these nanomaterials facilitate their use for less invasive treatments. This review summarizes the properties and applications of materials including fullerene, nanotubes, nanohorns, nanodots and nanographenes for photodynamic nanomedicine in cancer and antimicrobial therapies. Carbon nanomaterials themselves do not usually act as photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents owing to the high hydrophobicity, however, when the surface is passivated or functionalized, these materials become great vehicles for PDT. Moreover, conjugation of carbonaceous nanomaterials with the photosensitizer (PS) and relevant targeting ligands enhances properties such as selectivity, stability, and high quantum yield, making them readily available for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunya Albert
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yun Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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7
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Moor KJ, Snow SD, Kim JH. Differential photoactivity of aqueous [C60] and [C70] fullerene aggregates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5990-8. [PMID: 25950275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Many past studies have focused on the aqueous photochemical properties of colloidal suspensions of C60 and various [C60] fullerene derivatives, yet few have investigated the photochemistry of other larger cage fullerene species (e.g., C70, C74, C84, etc.) in water. This is a critical knowledge gap because these larger fullerenes may exhibit different properties compared to C60, including increased visible light absorption, altered energy level structures, and variable cage geometries, which may greatly affect aggregate properties and resulting aqueous photoactivity. Herein, we take the first steps toward a detailed investigation of the aqueous photochemistry of larger cage fullerene species, by focusing on [C70] fullerene. We find that aqueous suspensions of C60 and C70, nC60 and nC70, respectively, exhibit many similar physicochemical properties, yet nC70 appears to be significantly more photoactive than nC60. Studies are conducted to elucidate the mechanism behind nC70's superior (1)O2 generation, including the measurement of (1)O2 production as a function of incident excitation wavelength, analysis of X-ray diffraction data to determine crystal packing arrangements, and the excited state dynamics of aggregate fullerene species via transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel D Snow
- ‡School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- ‡School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Wang MQ, Zhou X, Tian WQ, Goddard JD. Electronic and optical properties of the five most stable C96 isomers. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Kozlov VS, Suyasova MV, Lebedev VT. Synthesis, extraction, and chromatographic purification of higher empty fullerenes and endohedral gadolinium metallofullerenes. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427214020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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11
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McHedlov-Petrossyan NO. Fullerenes in liquid media: an unsettling intrusion into the solution chemistry. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5149-93. [PMID: 23614509 DOI: 10.1021/cr3005026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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13
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Wang D, Wang X, Gao X, Hou D. Theoretical study on the interaction of oxygen atom with C90 (D5h). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Aich N, Flora JRV, Saleh NB. Preparation and characterization of stable aqueous higher-order fullerenes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:055705. [PMID: 22236869 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stable aqueous suspensions of nC₆₀ and individual higher fullerenes, i.e. C₇₀, C₇₆ and C₈₄, are prepared by a calorimetric modification of a commonly used liquid-liquid extraction technique. The energy requirement for synthesis of higher fullerenes has been guided by molecular-scale interaction energy calculations. Solubilized fullerenes show crystalline behavior by exhibiting lattice fringes in high resolution transmission electron microscopy images. The fullerene colloidal suspensions thus prepared are stable with a narrow distribution of cluster radii (42.7 ± 0.8 nm, 46.0 ± 14.0 nm, 60 ± 3.2 nm and 56.3 ± 1.1 nm for nC₆₀, nC₇₀, nC₇₆ and nC₈₄, respectively) as measured by time-resolved dynamic light scattering. The ζ-potential values for all fullerene samples showed negative surface potentials with similar magnitude ( - 38.6 ± 5.8 mV, - 39.1 ± 4.2 mV, - 38.9 ± 5.8 mV and - 41.7 ± 5.1 mV for nC₆₀, nC₇₀, nC₇₆ and nC₈₄, respectively), which provide electrostatic stability to the colloidal clusters. This energy-based modified solubilization technique to produce stable aqueous fullerenes will likely aid in future studies focusing on better applicability, determination of colloidal properties, and understanding of environmental fate, transport and toxicity of higher-order fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Ziegler K, Amsharov KY, Halasz I, Jansen M. Facile Separation and Crystal Structure Determination of C2-C82(3) Fullerene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Achiba Y, Kikuchi K, Aihara Y, Wakabayashi T, Miyake Y, Kainosho M. Higher Fullerenes: Structure and Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe structures of higher fullerenes are described based on 13C NMR measurements of isolated and purified samples. The most interesting aspect deduced from the present structural work on the higher fullerenes up to C90 is that among 19 kinds of fullerenes with different sizes and isomers, 18 fullerenes commonly have at least one C2 symmetry axis in their molecular frame. Only one exception is C90 fullerene with a C1 symmetry. The spectral feature of UV/Visible absorption obtained for the HPLC-isolated C120 fullerene gives, on the other hand, a strong indication that the numbers of co-existing isomer of very large fullerenes are extremely limited, probably one or two. Considering the huge numbers of IPR-(isolated pentagon rule) satisfying isomer of C120 (10,774), these experimental evidences may suggest the presence of very strong selectivity for the formation of stable higher fullerenes, which, in turn, is closely associated with the unknown growth process of a fullerene cage network.
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17
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Remarkable diversity of carbon–carbon bonds: structures and properties of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Taherpour AA. Theoretical and quantitative structural relationships of the electrochemical and electron transfer properties of [Mx@C82]@[SWCNT(5,5)-armchair-CnH20] (x=0, 1; for x=1: M=Ce & Gd and n=20–300) nanostructure complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Connectivity patterns of two C90 isomers provided by the structure elucidation of C90Cl32. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:2584-7. [PMID: 19229907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two for the price of one: The first halogenated derivative of C(90), C(90)Cl(32) (see structure; gray C, green Cl), is obtained by chlorination of a higher fullerene mixture with SbCl(5). Its molecular structure, elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, reveals the presence of two isomeric C(90) cages that correspond to C(2v) isomer 46 and C(s) isomer 34. The addition of 32 chlorine atoms is the maximum degree of chlorination achieved for fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Kemnitz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Kemnitz E, Troyanov S. Bindungsmuster zweier C90-Isomere, bestimmt durch Strukturaufklärung von C90Cl32. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schein S. Architecture of clathrin fullerene cages reflects a geometric constraint--the head-to-tail exclusion rule--and a preference for asymmetry. J Mol Biol 2009; 387:363-75. [PMID: 19356592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene cages have n trivalent vertices, 12 pentagonal faces, and (n-20)/2 hexagonal faces. The smallest cage in which all of the pentagons are surrounded by hexagons and thus isolated from each other has 60 vertices and is shaped like a soccer ball. The protein clathrin self-assembles into fullerene cages of a variety of sizes and shapes, including smaller ones with adjacent pentagons as well as larger ones, but the variety is limited. To explain the range of clathrin architecture and how these fullerene cages self-assemble, we proposed a hypothesis, the "head-to-tail exclusion rule" (the "Rule"). Of the 5769 small clathrin cage isomers with n< or =60 vertices and adjacent pentagons, the Rule permits just 15, three identified in 1976 and 12 others. A "weak version" of the Rule permits another 99. Based on cryo-electron tomography, Cheng et al. reported six raw clathrin fullerene cages. One was among the three identified in 1976. Here, (1) we identify the remaining five. (2) Four are new and are among the 12 others permitted by the Rule. (3) One, also new, is among the 99 weak version cages. (4) Of particular note, none of the remaining 5565 excluded cages has been identified. These findings provide powerful experimental confirmation of the Rule and the principle on which it is based. (5) Surprisingly, the newly identified clathrin cages are among the least symmetric of those permitted. (6) By devising a method for counting assembly paths, (7) we show that asymmetric cages can be assembled by larger numbers of paths, thus providing a kinetic explanation for the prevalence of asymmetric cages. (8) Finally, we show that operation during cage growth of the Rule greatly increases the likelihood of producing a closed fullerene cage, specifically one of those permitted, but efficient assembly still appears to require internal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Schein
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7151, USA.
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A geometric constraint, the head-to-tail exclusion rule, may be the basis for the isolated-pentagon rule in fullerenes with more than 60 vertices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19142-7. [PMID: 19050075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807603105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon atoms self-assemble into the famous soccer-ball shaped Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)), the smallest fullerene cage that obeys the isolated-pentagon rule (IPR). Carbon atoms self-assemble into larger (n > 60 vertices) empty cages as well-but only the few that obey the IPR-and at least 1 small fullerene (n <or= 60) with adjacent pentagons. Clathrin protein also self-assembles into small fullerene cages with adjacent pentagons, but just a few of those. We asked why carbon atoms and clathrin proteins self-assembled into just those IPR and small cage isomers. In answer, we described a geometric constraint-the head-to-tail exclusion rule-that permits self-assembly of just the following fullerene cages: among the 5,769 possible small cages (n <or= 60 vertices) with adjacent pentagons, only 15; the soccer ball (n = 60); and among the 216,739 large cages with 60 < n <or= 84 vertices, only the 50 IPR ones. The last finding was a complete surprise. Here, by showing that the largest permitted fullerene with adjacent pentagons is one with 60 vertices and a ring of interleaved hexagons and pentagon pairs, we prove that for all n > 60, the head-to-tail exclusion rule permits only (and all) fullerene cages and nanotubes that obey the IPR. We therefore suggest that self-assembly that obeys the IPR may be explained by the head-to-tail exclusion rule, a geometric constraint.
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Zalibera M, Popov A, Kalbac M, Rapta P, Dunsch L. The Extended View on the EmptyC2(3)-C82Fullerene: Isolation, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Spectroelectrochemical Characterization and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2008; 14:9960-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xu L, Cai W, Shao X. Prediction of low-energy isomers of large fullerenes from C132 to C160. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:9247-53. [PMID: 16854040 DOI: 10.1021/jp057181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To predict energetically favored isomers, we used a topological scheme as a prescreening tool to select candidate isomers for each fullerene from C(106) to C(160). Comparison with the PM3 and tight-binding (TB) potential calculated results and few published data for the low-energy isomers of C(106) to C(130) indicates that the prescreening approach is feasible. For each fullerene from C(132) up to C(160), the selected 1000 candidate isomers were further optimized by PM3 and TB potential. The analysis of the semiempirical PM3 and TB results of C(106) to C(160) provides some qualitative features of the large fullerenes. Furthermore, calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G*//B3LYP/3-21G level of theory were carried out on the top ten PM3 and TB low-energy isomers of C(132) to C(160) to accurately predict the stable isomers, and the HOMO-LUMO gap, the ionization energy, and electron affinity of the lowest-energy isomers were also investigated at the same level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Rojas A, Martínez M, Amador P, Torres LA. Increasing Stability of the Fullerenes with the Number of Carbon Atoms: The Experimental Evidence. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:9031-5. [PMID: 17608526 DOI: 10.1021/jp0727906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The values of the molar standard enthalpies of formation, Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(76), cr) = (2705.6 +/- 37.7) kJ x mol(-1), Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(78), cr) = (2766.5 +/- 36.7) kJ x mol(-1), and Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(84), cr) = (2826.6 +/- 42.6) kJ x mol(-1), were determined from the energies of combustion, measured by microcombustion calorimetry on a high-purity sample of the D(2) isomer of fullerene C(76), as well as on a mixture of the two most abundant constitutional isomers of C(78) (C(2nu)-C(78) and D(3)-C(78)) and C(84) (D(2)-C(84), and D(2d)-C(84). These values, combined with the published data on the enthalpies of sublimation of each cluster, lead to the gas-phase enthalpies of formation, Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(76), g) = (2911.6 +/- 37.9) kJ x mol(-1); Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(78), g) = (2979.3 +/- 37.2) kJ x mol(-1), and Delta(f)H(o)(m)(C(84), (g)) = (3051.6 +/- 43.0) kJ x mol(-1), results that were found to compare well with those reported from density functional theory calculations. Values of enthalpies of atomization, strain energies, and the average C-C bond energy were also derived for each fullerene. A decreasing trend in the gas-phase enthalpy of formation and strain energy per carbon atom as the size of the cluster increases is found. This is the first experimental evidence that these fullerenes become more stable as they become larger. The derived experimental average C-C bond energy E(C-C) = 461.04 kJ x mol(-1) for fullerenes is close to the average bond energy E(C-C) = 462.8 kJ x mol(-1) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Rojas
- Departamento de Química del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México D.F., C.P. 07360, Mexico.
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Cai W, Xu L, Shao N, Shao X, Guo Q. An efficient approach for theoretical study on the low-energy isomers of large fullerenes C90-C140. J Chem Phys 2007; 122:184318. [PMID: 15918715 DOI: 10.1063/1.1891706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach that consists of a molecular mechanics method based on the second generation reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential and the more accurate semiempirical method PM3 (Parametric Method No. 3) was proposed to predict the energetically favored isomers of the fullerenes from C90 to C140 at the semiempirical level. All the 578,701 isolated-pentagon-rule isomers of fullerenes from C90 to C140 were enumerated from topological structures and systematically searched using an energy minimization method to select the best 100 low-energy isomers based on the REBO potential for each fullerene. Then these candidate isomers were further optimized by PM3 and ranked again to determine the top low-energy isomers. This approach was applied to calculate the energetically favored isomers of C90-C140. The results of C90-C120 are in good agreement with the published results by quantum-chemical methods. Furthermore, the top five low-energy isomers of C90-C120, as well as C122-C140 which have scarcely been systematically studied before, are also predicted with the approach. The analysis of the structures showed that the hexagon-neighbor rule is an important factor to the stability of C90-C140. The time cost for the systematical search based on the REBO potential was also discussed. It indicates that the approach proposed is efficient for predicting the energetically favored isomers of large fullerenes at the semiempirical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao J, Kibbey CE, Coutant DE, Martin GB, Meyerhoff ME. Immobilized Porphyrins as Versatile Stationary Phases in Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608015117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Xiao
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, 41809
| | - C. E. Kibbey
- b Pharmaceutical Dept , Warner Lambert-Parke Davis , Ann Arbor, MI
| | - D. E. Coutant
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, 41809
| | | | - M. E. Meyerhoff
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, 41809
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Tsuchiya T, Kurihara H, Sato K, Wakahara T, Akasaka T, Shimizu T, Kamigata N, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Supramolecular complexes of La@C82 with unsaturated thiacrown ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3585-7. [PMID: 17047772 DOI: 10.1039/b606183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The paramagnetic La@C82-A(C2v) with unsaturated thiacrown ethers forms 1 : 1 host-guest complexes of [La@C82-A(C2v)]-[D]+ in solution as a result of electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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Watanabe M, Ishimaru D, Mizorogi N, Kiuchi M, Aihara JI. Thermodynamically and kinetically stable isomers of the C88 and C90 fullerenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Slanina Z, Kobayashi K, Nagase S. Ca@C82 isomers: Computed temperature dependency of relative concentrations. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:3397-400. [PMID: 15268495 DOI: 10.1063/1.1641004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative concentrations of nine isomers of Ca at C82 derived from the C82 isolated-pentagon-rule satisfying cages are computed in a wide temperature interval. The computations are based on the Gibbs energy constructed from partition functions supplied with molecular parameters from density functional theory calculations. Five structures show significant populations at higher temperatures: C2v > Cs > C2 > C3v > Cs. The computed relative stabilities agree well with available observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Slanina
- Department of Theoretical Studies, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.
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Krause M, Popov VN, Inakuma M, Tagmatarchis N, Shinohara H, Georgi P, Dunsch L, Kuzmany H. Multipole induced splitting of metal-cage vibrations in crystalline endohedral D2d-M2@C84 dimetallofullerenes. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:1873-80. [PMID: 15268320 DOI: 10.1063/1.1632899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-carbon cage vibrations of crystalline endohedral D2d-M2@C84 (M=Sc,Y,Dy) dimetallofullerenes were analyzed by temperature dependent Raman scattering and a dynamical force field model. Three groups of metal-carbon cage modes were found at energies of 35-200 cm(-1) and assigned to metal-cage stretching and deformation vibrations. They exhibit a textbook example for the splitting of molecular vibrations in a crystal field. Induced dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions account quantitatively for the observed mode splitting. Based on the metal-cage vibrational structure it is demonstrated that D2d-Y2@C84 dimetallofullerene retains a monoclinic crystal structure up to 550 K and undergoes a transition from a disordered to an ordered orientational state at a temperature of approximately 150 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krause
- Institut fur Materialphysik, Universitat Wien, Strudlhofgasse 4, A-1090 Wien, AustriaLeibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstofforschung Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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C94 IPR isomeric set: large-scale computations of relative stabilities based on the Gibbs function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cioslowski J, Rao N, Moncrieff D. Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Fullerenes and Their Dependence on Structural Motifs. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001109+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Yoshida M, [Obar]sawa E. A Computational Treatment of 35 IPR Isomers of C88. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Maruyama S, Yamaguchi Y, Kohno M, Yoshida T. Formation Process of Empty and Metal-Containing Fullerenes—Molecular Dynamics and FT-ICR Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229909351366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nishikawa T, Kinoshita T, Nanbu S, Aoyagi M. A theoretical study on vibrational spectra of C84 fullerenes: results for C2, D2, and D2d isomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(98)00431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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von Helden G, Holleman I, Putter M, van Roij A, Meijer G. Infrared resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization spectroscopy of C84. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Slanina Z, Zhao X, Ōsawa E. Relative stabilities of isomeric fullerenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1527-4640(99)80007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Aihara JI, Oe S, Yoshida M, Ōsawa E. Further test of the isolated pentagon rule: Thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of C84 fullerene isomers. J Comput Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199609)17:12%3c1387::aid-jcc1%3e3.0.co%3b2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stevenson S, Burbank P, Harich K, Sun Z, Dorn HC, van Loosdrecht PHM, deVries MS, Salem JR, Kiang CH, Johnson RD, Bethune DS. La2@C72: Metal-Mediated Stabilization of a Carbon Cage. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980452m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maruyama S, Yamaguchi Y. A molecular dynamics demonstration of annealing to a perfect C60 structure. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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