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Papangelis A, Ulven T. Synthesis of Lysophosphatidylcholine and Mixed Phosphatidylcholine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8194-8197. [PMID: 35649118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are important membrane constituents implicated in signaling and immune regulation. Synthesis of LPCs is challenging due to rapid acyl migration, e.g., induced by chromatography. We here report a highly regioselective synthesis of LPC and mixed PC via an intermediate allowing specific terminal acyl introduction, yielding the pure LPC without chromatography by an exceedingly mild TBS deprotection, using 1 equiv of TFA in aqueous solution. The method enabled the synthesis of glycerol-, acyl-, and choline-labeled LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papangelis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Lammers J, van Boom J. Synthesis of phospholipids via phosphotriester intermediates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19790980419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Duclos RI. The total synthesis of 2-O-arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-1,3,1'-(13)C3 and -2,1'-(13)C2 by a novel chemoenzymatic method. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 163:102-9. [PMID: 19682980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2-O-Arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was synthesized with carbon-13 enrichment of the three glycerol carbons and the carbonyl of the stearoyl group. Phospholipase A(2) was utilized to give optically pure lyso-PC, and only 3% acyl migration occurred during reacylation with arachidonic acid anhydride. This phospholipid is an important biosynthetic precursor of arachidonic acid metabolites as well as the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and is now available for NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Duclos
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, 116 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Perly B, Dufourc EJ, Jarrell HC. Facile and high yielding syntheses of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines containing 2H-labeled acyl chains. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580210102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Laube T, Kurreck H. Synthese von im Cholinteil deuterierten 3-sn- und 2-Phosphatidylcholine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Ichihara K, Iwasaki H, Ueda K, Takizawa R, Naito H, Tomosugi M. Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine: an improved method without using the cadmium chloride complex of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 137:94-9. [PMID: 16054615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An improved safe method that does not contaminate the environment with cadmium chloride, a toxic heavy metal salt, was developed for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC). PC was synthesized from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC) and fatty acid in one step under mild conditions without the use of cadmium chloride. GPC was prepared from egg yolk PC and adsorbed by kieselguhr in a Teflon vessel. The GPC on kieselguhr was acylated with fatty acid in the presence of two reagents, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide for synthesis of fatty acid anhydride and 4-dimethylaminopyridine as an acylating catalyst, at 30 degrees C overnight. The PC thus produced was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The yield of dioleoyl PC was 90% based on the starting material, GPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichi Ichihara
- Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
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7
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Foss BJ, Krane J. Structural elucidation by 1D and 2D NMR of three isomers of a carotenoid lysophosphocholine and its synthetic precursors. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2004; 42:373-380. [PMID: 15022198 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A carotenoic acid was used to obtain a long-chain unsaturated lysophosphocholine. The carotenoid lysophosphocholine was synthesized by two methods. The first method resulted in mixtures of regioisomers for each step in the synthetic route. Homo- and heteronuclear 1D and 2D NMR methods were employed to elucidate the structures of the individual isomers and their intermediates. The pure regioisomer [1-(beta-apo-8'-carotenoyl)-2-lyso-glycero-3-phosphocholine] was obtained by a second method, but in low yield. The 1D 1H NMR subtraction spectrum of the mixture and the pure regioisomer was used to interpret the 1H shifts of the unsaturated acyl moieties. The 1H and 13C signals of the acyl chain show characteristic shifts depending on the positions of the choline and the acyl group attached to the glycerol backbone. Therefore, the unsaturated acyl chain signals have diagnostic values for the identification of isomers of unsaturated (lyso)phosphocholines. Chemical shifts and indirect coupling constants are reported for each of the major components of the mixtures. The methods used were 1D (1H, 13C and 31P) and 2D (H,H-COSY, HMBC, HSQC and HETCOR) NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Jeanette Foss
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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8
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Bringezu F, Rapp G, Dobner B, Nuhn P, Brezesinski G. Stability and Structures of Liquid Crystalline Phases Formed by Branched-Chain Phospholipid Diastereomers. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0042720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bringezu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Gert Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Bodo Dobner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Nuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
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9
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10
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Villé H, Maes G, De Schrijver R, Spincemaille G, Rombouts G, Geers R. Determination of phospholipid content of intramuscular fat by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Meat Sci 1995; 41:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(95)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1994] [Revised: 12/12/1994] [Accepted: 12/12/1994] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Klösgen B, Helfrich W. Special features of phosphatidylcholine vesicles as seen in cryo-transmission electron microscopy. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 1993; 22:329-40. [PMID: 8112220 DOI: 10.1007/bf00213556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vesicles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) were studied by cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The electron micrographs indicate that, despite the rapidity of cooling, membrane undulations are flattened and some vesicles change their shapes before the samples freeze. These artefacts are attributed to the action of the lateral tension that results from the membrane area contraction associated with the temperature drop. Other micrographs represent grainy membranes and angular vesicles. We regard them as the first direct evidence for the superstructure and optically invisible roughness which were recently postulated for these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Klösgen
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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12
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Han XL, Zupan LA, Hazen SL, Gross RW. Semisynthesis and purification of homogeneous plasmenylcholine molecular species. Anal Biochem 1992; 200:119-24. [PMID: 1317681 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90286-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the efficient use of limiting amounts of fatty acid probes in the synthesis of individual molecular species of plasmenylcholine have been developed. Plasmenylcholine molecular species were synthesized through acylation of homogeneous 1-O-(Z)-hexadec-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine utilizing fatty acid anhydrides generated in situ from combined pools of reactant and recycled fatty acids by repeated addition of small amounts (10 mol%) of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The efficient generation of reactive anhydrides was accomplished through minimizing irreversible formation of N-acyl urea adducts by maintaining a persistent molar excess of fatty acid (with respect to carbodiimide) during the entire reaction time course. The synthesis of multiple different sn-2 labeled plasmenylcholine probes for utilization in fluorescence, ESR, or 2H NMR spectroscopy as well as isotopically labeled plasmenylcholines for metabolic studies has been achieved in good yield (40-50% of theoretical yield based on fatty acid) by these methods. Rapid and effective purification methods utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography were developed for both large- and small-scale purifications of individual reaction mixtures which collectively resulted in the isolation of homogeneous plasmenylcholine molecular species in high yield from limiting amounts of fatty acid probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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13
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14
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Ali S, Bittman R. Mixed-chain phosphatidylcholine analogues modified in the choline moiety: preparation of isomerically pure phospholipids with bulky head groups and one acyl chain twice as long as the other. Chem Phys Lipids 1989; 50:11-21. [PMID: 2758523 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(89)90022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diacylphosphatidylcholines were synthesized with widely different acyl chain lengths and bulky head groups. Lysophosphatidylcholine was acylated at room temperature within 6 h with a 10-fold molar excess of fatty acid anhydride in dry, alcohol-free chloroform in the presence of 1.2 equivalents of 4-pyrrolidinopyridine as a catalyst, affording the mixed-acid phosphatidylcholines with widely different chain lengths in more than 90% yield and with less than 1% acyl migration. The syntheses of isomerically pure 1-stearoyl-2-decanoyl- and 1-stearoyl-2-undecenoyl(delta 10)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines C(18:0)/C(10:0)-PC and C(18:0)/C(11:1 delta 10)-PC, respectively), followed by conversion to various head-group analogues, are illustrated here. The transition peak widths at half-height of the endotherms obtained by differential scanning calorimetry are consistent with very high isomeric purity. Phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus was used as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of C(18:0)/C(10:0-PC to give the corresponding phosphatidic acid in quantitative yield. The latter compound was condensed with 10 molar equivalents of various N,N,N-trialkylammonium alkanols (as their p-toluenesulfonate or tetraphenylborate salt) in the presence of trichloroacetonitrile in dry pyridine under nitrogen atmosphere to yield the C(18:0)/C(10:0) phospholipids bearing modified head groups, which were purified by flash chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Queens College City University of New York, Flushing 11367
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15
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Pidgeon C, Venkataram UV. Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography: supports composed of membrane lipids. Anal Biochem 1989; 176:36-47. [PMID: 2712289 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes provide an environment for several types of molecular processes and we are attempting to mimic the cell membranes' environment on a chromatography solid support. Chromatography solid supports utilizing lecithin as the bonded phase were synthesized and the HPLC behavior of hydrophilic peptides evaluated. A diC14 lecithin containing a terminal carboxy group on the C2 fatty acid chain was amidated with the surface amines of Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) silica particles. Based on elemental analysis, lecithin was coupled to Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) at a surface density near that of lecithin found in biological membranes and this novel chromatographic support material is denoted as Nucleosil-lecithin, the prototype immobilized artificial membrane. Infrared difference spectra of Nucleosil-lecithin minus Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) clearly showed amide I (1653.1 cm-1) and amide II (1550.9 cm-1) bands, giving direct spectroscopic evidence for the amide linkage. Spectral deconvolution resolved two peaks for the amide I band, and three peaks for the amide II band. This demonstrates lecithin interchain amide hydrogen bonding and/or hydrogen bonds between the lecithin amide link and unreacted silica surface amines. Nucleosil-lecithin as a solid phase mimics membranes and can be used to study the interactions of biomolecules with membranes. Our primary objective is to develop HPLC methods for studying the interaction between cell membranes and peptide sequences found near the interfaces of cell membranes. A frequency distribution of amino acids bracketing approximately 400 transmembrane peptide sequences showed Cys to be the least frequently occurring amino acid at this putative interfacial membrane region. Hydrophilic peptide analogs bearing Cys were used as model compounds to test Nucleosil-lecithin solid supports. Small peptides, six to eight amino acids in length, containing Cys bind approximately 2X tighter to Nucleosil-lecithin compared to identical peptides without the Cys residue. Thus, Cys at the interface of cells may stabilize protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pidgeon
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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16
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17
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Alvarez JG, Zurier RB, Storey BT, Bomalski JS, Touchstone JC. Chromatographic Analysis of Phospholipids during Monocyte Maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918809349948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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19
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Calderón J, Yagüe P. Phosphoric acid derivatives. XV. Phosphatidylethanolamines and N,N-dimethyl-phoshatidylethanolamines from diacylglycerol (o-acetoxyphenyl hydrogen phosphates). Chem Phys Lipids 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(86)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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21
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Nuhn P, Brezesinski G, Dobner B, Förster G, Gutheil M, Dörfler HD. Synthesis, calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction of lecithins containing branched fatty acid chains. Chem Phys Lipids 1986; 39:221-36. [PMID: 3698145 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(86)90012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lecithins with branched fatty acid chains were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The influence of three chemical alterations on the phase transition parameters were investigated: length of the branches in 2-position of the acyl chains, position of the branches in the acyl chains, and position of the branched fatty acid chains in the glycerol backbone. The results show that the branched phosphatidylcholines (PCs) have a reduced gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm) compared to the corresponding straight-chain PCs. Depending on both the length of the branches in 2-position of the acyl chains and the position of the branches in the acyl chains, the Tm-values pass through a minimum. The systematic change of the main-transition temperatures Tm is connected with a modified structural polymorphism. If the length of the branches increases three types of polymorphism were observed.
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22
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Tetrahedron report number 195 (R)- and (S)-2,3-0-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde in stereoselective organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Touchstone JC, Alvarez JG, Levin SS, Storey BT. Evidence for diplasmalogen as the major component of rabbit sperm phosphatidylethanolamine. Lipids 1985; 20:869-75. [PMID: 4094518 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether diplasmalogens [1,2-di(O-1'-alkenyl) phosphatidyl derivatives] make up part of the plasmalogen component of cell phospholipids was examined using rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. These cells are readily obtained as a highly homogeneous suspension and long have been known to have high plasmalogen content. Phospholipids were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with CuSO4 staining. Plasmalogens were determined by hydrolysis of the phospholipids with TCA/HCl, followed by TLC and CuSO4 staining. Ethanolamine derivatives were determined by ninhydrin. The phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content of these cells was 29 +/- 2 micrograms/10(8) cells, 90% of which was assayed as diplasmalogen and 10% as diacyl PE. No monoplasmalogen could be detected. The presence of diplasmalogen as the major component of PE was given further support from infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, which showed the presence of O-1'-alkenyl substituents but near absence of O-acyl substituents. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) content of the cells was 104 +/- 5 mu/10(8) cells, of which 50% was monoplasmalogen with the 1'-alkenyl group on the 2 position of the glycerol moiety. No diplasmalogen was found in PC. The other phospholipids in rabbit sperm were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL), sphingomyelin (SP) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were present at the limits of detectability of the TLC method. None of these phospholipids contained plasmalogen. The PE component of rabbit sperm phospholipids appears to differ from that of the other cells in having the previously unreported diplasmalogen as its major constituent.
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24
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Murata S. A Facile Method for Activation of Carboxylic Acids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.57.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Tilcock CP, Bally MB, Farren SB, Cullis PR, Gruner SM. Cation-dependent segregation phenomena and phase behavior in model membrane systems containing phosphatidylserine: influence of cholesterol and acyl chain composition. Biochemistry 1984; 23:2696-703. [PMID: 6466608 DOI: 10.1021/bi00307a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The addition of Ca2+ to model membrane systems containing phosphatidylserine (PS) can have remarkable effects on the distribution of PS and the overall polymorphic phase [bilayer or hexagonal (HII)] assumed by the lipid mixture. In this study, we examine the influence of Ca2+ on lipid mixtures composed of well-defined (synthetic) species of PS, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the presence and absence of cholesterol by employing 31P and 2H NMR, freeze-fracture, and X-ray techniques. It is shown that whereas Ca2+ can segregate PS into crystalline cochleate domains in equimolar mixtures of dioleoyl-PE and dioleoyl-PS (DOPS), such effects are not observed for mixtures containing more unsaturated (dilinoleoyl) species of PS. The addition of cholesterol to these PE-PS systems inhibits Ca2+-induced segregation of DOPS and facilitates Ca2+-triggered hexagonal (HII) phase formation for both the PE and the PS components. In contrast, in equimolar mixtures of DOPS with dioleoyl-PC, Ca2+-induced segregation of phospholipid is not affected by the presence of up to 33 mol % cholesterol. These and related effects suggest that, in multicomponent biomembrane systems containing both PE and cholesterol, phase segregation of PS by Ca2+ may not be readily achievable. These results are discussed with regard to the reliability of 31P NMR phase identifications of phospholipid structure in model and biological membranes and demonstrate that in mixed lipid systems the influence of divalent cations on lipid distribution and structure can be exquisitely sensitive to details of the local lipid composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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26
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1-trans-Parinaroyl phospholipids: Synthesis and fast atom bombardment/electron impact mass spectrometric characterization. Chem Phys Lipids 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(84)90039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Roux M, Huynh-Dinh T, Igolen J, Prigent Y. Simple preparation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid and deuterated choline derivatives. Chem Phys Lipids 1983; 33:41-5. [PMID: 6688761 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(83)90006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Analytically pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid was prepared in gram amounts, using a simplified version of a previous procedure. The main step, enzymatic cleavage of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with freshly extracted phospholipase D, was performed in the presence of chloroform and the crude phosphatidic acid was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The interest of the method was illustrated by the synthesis of two dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholines selectively deuterated on the polar headgroup.
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28
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Nicholas AW, Khouri LG, Ellington JC, Porter NA. Synthesis of mixed-acid phosphatidylcholines and high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of isomeric lysophosphatidylcholines. Lipids 1983; 18:434-8. [PMID: 6877049 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines is reported. Silver ion catalyzed acylation of lysophosphatidylcholines by 2-thiopyridyl esters occurs rapidly (10 min) at room temperature in organic solvents. Yields of isomerically pure mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines (greater than 98% isomeric purity) are generally greater than 80%. The reaction proceeds with only 1.5- to 2-fold excess of thiopyridyl ester, thus offering some advantages over existing procedures when precious acylating agents are used. The major disadvantage of the procedure is its sensitivity to water. Phosphatidylcholines having hydroxy fatty acyl groups are prepared by protection of the hydroxyl as the levulinate ester, conversion to the 2-thiopyridyl ester, acylation, and removal of the levulinate with hydrazine. For purification of lysophosphatidylcholines, a reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method for separation of 1-acylglycerophosphocholines from 2-acylglycerophosphocholines was developed.
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29
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Hermetter A, Stütz H, Paltauf F. An improved method for the preparation of ‘Mixed-Chain’ phosphatidylethanolamines. Chem Phys Lipids 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(83)90049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Tence M, Coëffier E, Polonsky J, Benveniste J. The enantiomer and the positional isomer of platelet-activating factor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 755:526-30. [PMID: 6824744 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have compared for rabbit platelet aggregating and desensitizing activity two different preparations of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) (1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and of its enantiomer (3-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine). After phospholipase A2 treatment, the unnatural enantiomers appeared about 3000-fold less active than PAF-acether, a result which definitively establishes the stereospecificity of the mode of action of this mediator. A new structural analog of PAF-acether, 1-O-hexadecyl-3-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-2-phosphocholine, was isolated and characterized. It was a weak platelet agonist, stressing further the importance for PAF-acether activity of the acetyl group at position 2 of the glycerol.
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31
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Kretschmer A, Bock H, Wagner F. Chemical and Physical Characterization of Interfacial-Active Lipids from
Rhodococcus erythropolis
Grown on
n
-Alkanes. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982; 44:864-70. [PMID: 16346110 PMCID: PMC242110 DOI: 10.1128/aem.44.4.864-870.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic compounds of the culture suspension containing
Rhodococcus erythropolis
DSM43215 had surfactant properties when the bacteria were cultivated with
n
-alkanes as the sole carbon source. Thirteen main components from a dichloromethane-methanol extract of the
R. erythropolis
cultures were isolated and characterized to specify quantitatively their surfactant properties, e.g., minimum surface and interfacial tensions and critical micelle concentrations. The interfacial activity of the organic extract was dominated by α,α-trehalose-6,6′-dicorynomycolates which reduced interfacial tension from 44 to 18 mN/m. Phosphatidylethanolamines which were also present in the organic extract reduced the interfacial tension below 1 mN/m. The trehalose corynomycolates had extremely low critical micelle concentrations in high-salinity solutions, and the interfacial properties were stabile in solutions with a wide range of pH and ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kretschmer
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
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An improved procedure for the synthesis of choline phospholipids via 2-bromoethyl dichlorophosphate. Lipids 1982; 17:453-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02535226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/1982] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hermetter A, Paltauf F. Semisynthetic preparation of choline and ethanolamine plasmalogens. Chem Phys Lipids 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(82)90006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tilcock C, Cullis P. The polymorphic phase behaviour and miscibility properties of synthetic phosphatidylethanolamines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(82)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect of temperature on the NMR spectra of sonicated dispersions of isomers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Chem Phys Lipids 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(81)90057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hermetter A, Paltauf F. A facile procedure for the synthesis of saturated phosphatidylcholines. Chem Phys Lipids 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(81)90039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang R, Patel K, Pownall H, Knapp R, Sklar L, Crawford R, Morrisett J. Biophysical properties of a major membrane phospholipid, dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine, found in an Escherichia coli fatty acid auxotroph. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Patel KM, Morrisett JD, Sparrow JT. A convenient synthesis of phosphatidylcholines: acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with fatty acid anhydride and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine. J Lipid Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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