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Gagnon MC, Dautrey S, Bertrand X, Auger M, Paquin JF. A Flexible Synthetic Approach to Phosphatidylglycerols. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Gagnon
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Sébastien Dautrey
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Michèle Auger
- CERMA; PROTEO; CQMF; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Paquin
- CGCC; PROTEO; Département de chimie; Université Laval; 1045 avenue de la Médecine G1V 0A6 Québec QC Canada
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In vitro prediction of human intestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier partitioning: development of a lipid analog for micellar liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7453-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Eibl H, Kaufmann-Kolle P. Medical Application of Synthetic Phospholipids as Liposomes and Drugs. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109509039914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Ménez C, Buyse M, Farinotti R, Barratt G. Inward Translocation of the Phospholipid Analogue Miltefosine across Caco-2 Cell Membranes Exhibits Characteristics of a Carrier-mediated Process. Lipids 2007; 42:229-40. [PMID: 17393228 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, HePC) is the first effective oral agent for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. The characteristics of HePC incorporation into the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 were investigated in order to understand its oral absorption mechanism. The results provide evidence for the involvement of a carrier-mediated mechanism, since the association of HePC at the apical pole of Caco-2 cells was (1) saturable as a function of time with a rapid initial incorporation over 5 min followed by a more gradual increase; (2) saturable as a function of concentration over the range studied (2-200 microM) with a saturable component which followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (apparent K (m) 15.7 micromol/L, V (max) 39.2 nmol/mg protein/h) and a nonspecific diffusion component; (3) partially inhibited by low temperature and ATP depletion, indicating the temperature and energy-dependence of the uptake process. Moreover, we demonstrated, by an albumin back-extraction method, that HePC is internalized via translocation from the outer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and that HePC may preferentially diffuse through intact raft microdomains. In conclusion, our results suggest that incorporation of HePC at the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells may occur through a passive diffusion followed by a translocation in the inner membrane leaflet through an active carrier-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ménez
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612 Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, IFR 141, Tour D5, 2éme étage, 5 rue J.B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, Cedex 92296, France
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5
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Ménez C, Buyse M, Dugave C, Farinotti R, Barratt G. Intestinal Absorption of Miltefosine: Contribution of Passive Paracellular Transport. Pharm Res 2007; 24:546-54. [PMID: 17252190 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize the transepithelial transport of miltefosine (HePC), the first orally effective drug against visceral leishmaniasis, across the intestinal barrier to further understand its oral absorption mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caco-2 cell monolayers were used as an in vitro model of the human intestinal barrier. The roles of active and passive mechanisms in HePC intestinal transport were investigated and the relative contributions of the transcellular and paracellular routes were estimated. RESULTS HePC transport was observed to be pH-independent, partially temperature-dependent, linear as a function of time and non-saturable as a function of concentration. The magnitude of HePC transport was quite similar to that of the paracellular marker mannitol, and EDTA treatment led to an increase in HePC transport. Furthermore, HePC transport was found to be similar in the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical directions, strongly suggesting that HePC exhibits non-polarized transport and that no MDR-mediated efflux was involved. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HePC crosses the intestinal epithelium by a non-specific passive pathway and provide evidence supporting a concentration-dependent paracellular transport mechanism, although some transcellular diffusion cannot be ruled out. Considering that HePC opens epithelial tight junctions, this study shows that HePC may promote its own permeation across the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ménez
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, IFR 141, University Paris-Sud 11, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, F-92296, France
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6
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Ménez C, Buyse M, Besnard M, Farinotti R, Loiseau PM, Barratt G. Interaction between miltefosine and amphotericin B: consequences for their activities towards intestinal epithelial cells and Leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3793-800. [PMID: 16966395 PMCID: PMC1635231 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00837-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a combination of two antileishmanial drugs, miltefosine (HePC) and amphotericin B (AMB), when administered by the oral route. Caco-2 cell monolayers were used as a validated in vitro model of the intestinal barrier and Leishmania donovani promastigotes as a model for evaluating the effect of the drug combination. Spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that HePC and AMB associate, leading to the formation of mixed aggregates in which AMB is solubilized as monomers. The incubation of the association of HePC and AMB with Caco-2 cell monolayers, at a concentration higher than 5 microM, led to (i) a reduction of the HePC-induced paracellular permeability enhancement in Caco-2 cell monolayers, (ii) an inhibition of the uptake of both drugs, and (iii) a decrease in the transepithelial transport of both drugs, suggesting that a pharmacokinetic antagonism between HePC and AMB could occur after their oral administration. However, the combination did not exhibit any antagonism or synergy in its antileishmanial activity. These results demonstrated a strong physicochemical interaction between HePC and AMB, depending on the concentration of each, which could have important consequences for their biological activities, if they are administered together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ménez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Tour D5, 2ème étage, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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7
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8
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Fasoli E, Arnone A, Caligiuri A, D'Arrigo P, de Ferra L, Servi S. Tin-mediated synthesis of lyso-phospholipids. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2974-8. [PMID: 16855747 DOI: 10.1039/b604636c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid have been prepared selectively and with high yields from the corresponding diols, glycerophosphoryl choline and glycerol-3-phosphate. Starting from the diols, the activated tin ketals were prepared in 2-propanol by reaction with dialkyltin oxide. The intermediates were acylated in the same solvent with long-chain fatty acid chlorides, giving the corresponding 1-acyl-lyso-phospholipids in high yield and with complete regioselectivity. The catalytic nature of the tin-mediated acylation and the relevance of the solvent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Fasoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta Politecnico di Milano, Italy
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9
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Foss BJ, Krane J. Structural elucidation by 1D and 2D NMR of three isomers of a carotenoid lysophosphocholine and its synthetic precursors. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2004; 42:373-380. [PMID: 15022198 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A carotenoic acid was used to obtain a long-chain unsaturated lysophosphocholine. The carotenoid lysophosphocholine was synthesized by two methods. The first method resulted in mixtures of regioisomers for each step in the synthetic route. Homo- and heteronuclear 1D and 2D NMR methods were employed to elucidate the structures of the individual isomers and their intermediates. The pure regioisomer [1-(beta-apo-8'-carotenoyl)-2-lyso-glycero-3-phosphocholine] was obtained by a second method, but in low yield. The 1D 1H NMR subtraction spectrum of the mixture and the pure regioisomer was used to interpret the 1H shifts of the unsaturated acyl moieties. The 1H and 13C signals of the acyl chain show characteristic shifts depending on the positions of the choline and the acyl group attached to the glycerol backbone. Therefore, the unsaturated acyl chain signals have diagnostic values for the identification of isomers of unsaturated (lyso)phosphocholines. Chemical shifts and indirect coupling constants are reported for each of the major components of the mixtures. The methods used were 1D (1H, 13C and 31P) and 2D (H,H-COSY, HMBC, HSQC and HETCOR) NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Jeanette Foss
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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10
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Hendrickson EK, Hendrickson HS. Efficient synthesis of the cholinephosphate phospholipid headgroup. Chem Phys Lipids 2001; 109:203-7. [PMID: 11269938 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In search of an efficient method to prepare cholinephosphate headgroups in phospholipids under mild conditions (where the diacylglycerol moiety is not subject to oxidation), a method was developed for phosphorylation using a trialkyl phosphite and I2. The active intermediate is a phosphoryl iodide formed by oxidation of the phosphite with I2. 2-Bromoethanol, dimethyl chlorophosphite, and an alcohol (diglyceride) are converted to a phosphate triester in a one-pot reaction with high yield. In the second reaction, the phosphate triester is demethylated, and the ethyl bromide group is converted to choline by treatment with aqueous trimethylamine. This procedure is applied to the synthesis of hexadecylphosphocholine, and 1,2-didecanoyl-1-deoxy-1-thio-sn-glyceryo-3-phosphocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Hendrickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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11
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Wieder T, Reutter W, Orfanos CE, Geilen CC. Mechanisms of action of phospholipid analogs as anticancer compounds. Prog Lipid Res 1999; 38:249-59. [PMID: 10664795 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(99)00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Wieder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Berlin-Steglitz, Germany
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12
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New optically pure dimethylacetals of glyceraldehydes and their application for lipid and phospholipid synthesis. Chem Phys Lipids 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(95)02445-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Wilson HM, Neumuller W, Eibl H, Welch W, Reitz RC. Structural basis of the phospholipid acyltransferase enzyme substrate specificity: a computer modeling study of the phospholipid acceptor molecule. J Lipid Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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14
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Geilen C, Haase A, Wieder T, Arndt D, Zeisig R, Reutter W. Phospholipid analogues: side chain- and polar head group-dependent effects on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. J Lipid Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paltauf
- Institut für Biochemie und Lebensmittelchemie der Technischen Universität Graz, Austria
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16
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Fleer EA, Berkovic D, Eibl H, Unger C. Investigations on the cellular uptake of hexadecylphosphocholine. Lipids 1993; 28:731-6. [PMID: 8377589 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of [(9,10)-3H]hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) in six tumor cell lines was studied. All cell lines incorporated HePC in similar amounts, with the exception of the epidermoid cancer cell line KB, which took up higher amounts of HePC. The uptake of HePC at 37 degrees C was shown to be time and concentration dependent. At 20 degrees C, uptake was drastically reduced and at 4 degrees C it was blocked completely. Binding of HePC, at 4 degrees C, was not saturable at concentrations between 5 micrograms/mL (11.8 microM) and 100 micrograms/mL (235.3 microM), indicating that cell surface binding is not receptor-mediated. Furthermore, the effects of inhibitors of endocytosis were investigated. We observed a pronounced inhibitory effect by monensin and cytochalasin B. Colchicine was somewhat less effective whereas chloroquine was almost without effect. From these data we conclude that uptake of HePC is most probably mediated via a receptor-independent endocytotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Fleer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Clinic of Goettingen, Germany
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17
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Ries U, Fleer EA, Unger C, Eibl H. Synthetic phospholipids as substrates for phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1125:166-70. [PMID: 1571359 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90041-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The substrate requirement of phospholipids for hydrolysis with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus was studied with synthetic lipids well-defined in structure and configuration. For optimal activity, the glycerol molecule must contain three substituents: phosphocholine in sn-3-, an ester bond in sn-2- and an ether- or ester bond in sn-1-position. The length of the ester or ether chains is of minor importance. Any deviation from these structural requirements results in a large decrease in the hydrolysis rate. These essential structural and configurational elements for optimal activity for the B. cereus enzyme are perfectly combined in the platelet activating factor, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine. This molecule is one of the best substrates for hydrolysis with the bacterial phospholipase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ries
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Mazur AW, Hiler GD, Lee SS, Armstrong MP, Wendel JD. Regio- and stereoselective enzymatic esterification of glycerol and its derivatives. Chem Phys Lipids 1991; 60:189-99. [PMID: 1814641 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(91)90041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for regio- and stereoselective preparation of acyl glycerol derivatives is presented. It offers easy access to specific 1,2-, 1,3-diglycerides and triglycerides as well as alkyl glycerol esters, phospholipids and glycolipids. These compounds are prepared by esterification of the corresponding glycerol derivatives such as 2-monoglycerides, alkyl glycerols, glyceryl glycosides, glyceryl phosphate esters, or unsubstituted glycerol. The regio- and stereoselectivity in the esterification is achieved by using fatty acid anhydrides and an enzymatic catalyst, 1,3-specific lipase. NMR methods for determining the regio- and stereoselectivity of esterification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Mazur
- Procter and Gamble Co., Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45239-8707
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19
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Rustenbeck I, Eibl H, Lenzen S. Structural requirements of lysophospholipid-regulated mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1069:99-109. [PMID: 1932054 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90109-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine, including PAF (platelet-activating-factor) and HePC (an experimental anticancer drug), were studied for their influence on mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and membrane potential. Lysophospholipids released Ca2+ from mitochondria and reduced the maximal Ca2+ uptake. The structure-activity relations indicate that deprotonated head groups like phosphocholines yield active compounds while partially protonated head groups like phosphoethanolamines are essentially inactive. Structural requirements for the apolar part of the molecules were acyl or alkyl chain lengths of less than 18 carbon atoms at the C1-position of the glycerol backbone and residues of small size and/or low polarity at the C2-position. Choline lysophospholipids, but not ethanolamine lysophospholipids, may therefore induce mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux and become mediators of ischaemic tissue damage where dysregulated phospholipase A2 activity and an impairment of mitochondrial function are supposed to play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Göttingen, F.R.G
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20
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Shoji M, Raynor RL, Fleer EA, Eibl H, Vogler WR, Kuo JF. Effects of hexadecylphosphocholine on protein kinase C and TPA-induced differentiation of HL60 cells. Lipids 1991; 26:145-9. [PMID: 2051897 DOI: 10.1007/bf02544009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several structural analogs of alkylphosphocholine (APC) were studied for their effects on protein kinase C (PKC) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) elicited biochemical and cellular events in HL60 cells. Hexadecylphocholine (He-PC2), the APC prototype, inhibited PKC competitively with respect to phosphatidylserine an noncompetitively with respect to CaCl2, both with an apparent Ki of about 15 microM. Inhibition of PKC by He-PC2 was selective, since cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II were relatively unaffected. He-PC2 inhibited TPA-induced depletion of PKC and TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of cellular proteins in HL60 cells. TPA-induced differentiation of HL60 cells was also inhibited by He-PC2, and this inhibition was synergistic or additive to the effects of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a PKC inhibitor. The present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of PKC might be related, in part, to the antineoplastic effect of He-PC2 and ether lipid analogs such as ET-18-OCH3 (1-octadecyl-2-methyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shoji
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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21
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Abstract
Interdisciplinary cooperation between basic and clinical research has resulted in the discovery and development of alkylphosphocholines, a new class of substances for the treatment of breast cancer. In contrast to most antitumor substances, the alkylphosphocholines do not attack the cell nucleus, but the cell membrane. This report presents a systematic study which, for the first time, provides a correlation between their chemical structure, antitumor efficacy and selectivity. Through an understanding of the metabolism of tumor growth inhibiting (ether)-lysolecithins, the minimal structural requirements for the antineoplastic efficacy of these substances have been obtained. This knowledge was used to identify molecular structures which are more effective and less toxic for the organism. The active principle derived from a study of (ether)-lysolecithins active as antitumor agents represents a new class of compounds: the alkylphosphocholines. As reported here, hexadecylphosphocholine is the most promising candidate of this group of compounds. It has an extremely selective action against chemically induced, autochthonous rat mammary carcinomas. No loss of activity was observed when comparing oral and intravenous administration. Particularly striking (and favorable for long-term therapy) is the fact that immunosuppression and hematotoxicity were not found at drug concentrations which lead to complete tumor remissions. Results obtained from animal experiments have been confirmed by preliminary clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eibl
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, University Hospital Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Unger C, Peukert M, Sindermann H, Hilgard P, Nagel G, Eibl H. Hexadecylphosphocholine in the topical treatment of skin metastases in breast cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 1990; 17:243-6. [PMID: 2272039 DOI: 10.1016/0305-7372(90)90054-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Widespread local recurrence of breast cancer, untreatable by surgery or radiation therapy, can present a serious therapeutic problem predominantly in patients refractory to systemic therapy. In a phase I trial hexadecylphosphocholine, a new agent with high membrane affinity and antineoplastic activity was applied topically to affected skin areas of breast cancer patients. The results provide evidence that hexadecylphosphocholine may be an active agent in the topical treatment of skin metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Unger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Rustenbeck I, Lenzen S. Quantitation of hexadecylphosphocholine by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with densitometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 525:85-91. [PMID: 2338450 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of the antineoplastic ether phospholipid hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) is presented, based on the separation of the lipids by high-performance thin-layer chromatography charring with a cupric sulphate reagent and quantitation by in situ densitometry. The lower limit of determination is ca. 25 pmol. Concentrated hexane-isopropanol extracts of plasma samples can be applied to the plate without further clean-up, making this method useful for clinical drug monitoring. Additional ion-exchange chromatography and removal of the salt contaminants by gel filtration permits the study of endogenous phospholipids together with HePC from the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Göttingen, F.R.G
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Unger C, Damenz W, Fleer EA, Kim DJ, Breiser A, Hilgard P, Engel J, Nagel G, Eibl H. Hexadecylphosphocholine, a new ether lipid analogue. Studies on the antineoplastic activity in vitro and in vivo. Acta Oncol 1989; 28:213-7. [PMID: 2736110 DOI: 10.3109/02841868909111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hexadecylphosphocholine (He-PC) is a new compound synthesized according to the minimal structural requirements deducted from studies with other ether lipids. In vitro studies on He-PC revealed remarkable antineoplastic activity on HL60, U937, Raji and K562 leukemia cell lines. In addition, He-PC, applied orally, showed a superior effect in the treatment of dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary carcinomas when compared to intravenously administered cyclophosphamide. After oral application He-PC was well absorbed from the intestine and metabolized in the liver by phospholipases C and D. During a 5-week treatment no hematotoxic effects were detected. In a clinical pilot study on breast cancer patients with widespread skin involvement, topically applied He-PC showed skin tumor regressions without local or systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Unger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Göttingen, West Germany
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25
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Synthesis of enantiomerically pure phospholipids including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol. Chem Phys Lipids 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(88)90032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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