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Boehler JF, Brown KJ, Ricotti V, Morris CA. N-terminal titin fragment: a non-invasive, pharmacodynamic biomarker for microdystrophin efficacy. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38229112 PMCID: PMC10790446 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple clinical trials to assess the efficacy of AAV-directed gene transfer in participants with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are ongoing. The success of these trials currently relies on standard functional outcome measures that may exhibit variability within and between participants, rendering their use as sole measures of drug efficacy challenging. Given this, supportive objective biomarkers may be useful in enhancing observed clinical results. Creatine kinase (CK) is traditionally used as a diagnostic biomarker of DMD, but its potential as a robust pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker is difficult due to the wide variability seen within the same participant over time. Thus, there is a need for the discovery and validation of novel PD biomarkers to further support and bolster traditional outcome measures of efficacy in DMD. METHOD Potential PD biomarkers in DMD participant urine were examined using a proteomic approach on the Somalogic platform. Findings were confirmed in both mdx mice and Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog plasma samples. RESULTS Changes in the N-terminal fragment of titin, a well-known, previously characterized biomarker of DMD, were correlated with the expression of microdystrophin protein in mice, dogs, and humans. Further, titin levels were sensitive to lower levels of expressed microdystrophin when compared to CK. CONCLUSION The measurement of objective PD biomarkers such as titin may provide additional confidence in the assessment of the mechanism of action and efficacy in gene therapy clinical trials of DMD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03368742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Boehler
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Kristy J Brown
- Rejuvenate Bio, 11425 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Valeria Ricotti
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre/University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Carl A Morris
- PHDL Consulting LLC, 43 Sylvanus Wood Lane, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
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Lee IT, Senapati S, Schreiber C, Koelper N, Takacs P, Barnhart KT. Application of a Multiplex Platform to Identify Novel Biomarkers for Pregnancy Location and Viability. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3641-3647. [PMID: 37607986 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Determining early pregnancy location and viability can be cumbersome, often requiring serial evaluations. This study aimed to identify novel biomarker candidates for pregnancy location and viability using a pseudodiscovery high-throughput technique. This was a case-control study among patients presenting for early pregnancy assessment, including ectopic pregnancies, early pregnancy losses, and viable intrauterine pregnancies. For pregnancy location, ectopic pregnancy was considered "case" and non-ectopic considered "control." For pregnancy viability, viable intrauterine pregnancy was considered "case" and early pregnancy loss + ectopic pregnancy were considered "control." Using Proximity Extension Assay technology from Olink Proteomics, serum levels of 1012 proteins were compared separately for pregnancy location and viability. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to determine a biomarker's discriminative abilities. Analysis included 13 ectopic pregnancies, 76 early pregnancy losses, and 27 viable intrauterine pregnancies. For pregnancy location, 18 markers had an area under the curve (AUC) ≥0.80, with three being expressed more in ectopic compared to non-ectopic pregnancies: thyrotropin subunit beta, carbonic anhydrase 3, and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58. For pregnancy viability, two markers had an AUC ≥0.80: lutropin subunit beta and serpin B8. While some of the markers had previously been implicated in early pregnancy physiology, others were from pathways not previously explored. Using a high-throughput platform, a large number of proteins were screened as potential biomarkers for pregnancy location and viability, and twenty candidate biomarkers were identified. Further exploration of these proteins may facilitate validation as diagnostic tools for establishing early pregnancy diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris T Lee
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market St, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market St, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Courtney Schreiber
- Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathanael Koelper
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market St, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter Takacs
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (Urogynecology), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kurt T Barnhart
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market St, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Leo M, Schmitt LI, Mairinger F, Roos A, Hansmann C, Hezel S, Skuljec J, Pul R, Schara-Schmidt U, Kleinschnitz C, Hagenacker T. Analysis of Free Circulating Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Serum Samples from Late-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients Using nCounter NanoString Technology. Cells 2023; 12:2374. [PMID: 37830588 PMCID: PMC10572204 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
5q-related Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary multi-systemic disorder leading to progressive muscle atrophy and weakness caused by the degeneration of spinal motor neurons (MNs) in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Three SMN-enhancing drugs for SMA treatment are available. However, even if these drugs are highly effective when administrated early, several patients do not benefit sufficiently or remain non-responders, e.g., adults suffering from late-onset SMA and starting their therapy at advanced disease stages characterized by long-standing irreversible loss of MNs. Therefore, it is important to identify additional molecular targets to expand therapeutic strategies for SMA treatment and establish prognostic biomarkers related to the treatment response. Using high-throughput nCounter NanoString technology, we analyzed serum samples of late-onset SMA type 2 and type 3 patients before and six months under nusinersen treatment. Four genes (AMIGO1, CA2, CCL5, TLR2) were significantly altered in their transcript counts in the serum of patients, where differential expression patterns were dependent on SMA subtype and treatment response, assessed with outcome scales. No changes in gene expression were observed six months after nusinersen treatment, compared to healthy controls. These alterations in the transcription of four genes in SMA patients qualified those genes as potential SMN-independent therapeutic targets to complement current SMN-enhancing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Leo
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Linda-Isabell Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Christina Hansmann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Stefanie Hezel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Refik Pul
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
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Lee ITL, Senapati S, Schreiber C, Koelper N, Takacs P, Barnhart K. Application of a Multiplex Platform to Identify Novel Biomarkers for Pregnancy Location and Viability. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2777020. [PMID: 37205488 PMCID: PMC10187373 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2777020/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Determining early pregnancy location and viability can be cumbersome, often requiring serial evaluations. This study aimed to identify novel biomarker candidates for pregnancy location and viability using a pseudodiscovery high through-put technique. This was a case-control study among patients presenting for early pregnancy assessment, including ectopic pregnancies, early pregnancy losses, and viable intrauterine pregnancies. For pregnancy location, ectopic pregnancy was considered "case" and non-ectopic considered "control." For pregnancy viability, viable intrauterine pregnancy was considered "case" and early pregnancy loss + ectopic pregnancy were considered "control." Using Proximity Extension Assay technology from Olink Proteomics, serum levels of 1012 proteins were compared separately for pregnancy location and viability. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to determine a biomarker's discriminative abilities. Analysis included 13 ectopic pregnancies, 76 early pregnancy losses, and 27 viable intrauterine pregnancies. For pregnancy location, 18 markers had an area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.80, with three being expressed more in ectopic compared to non-ectopic pregnancies: thyrotropin subunit beta, carbonic anhydrase 3, and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58. For pregnancy viability, two markers had an AUC ≥ 0.80: lutropin subunit beta and serpin B8. While some of the markers were previously identified as implicated in early pregnancy physiology, others were from pathways not previously explored. Using a high through-put platform, a large number of proteins were screened as potential biomarkers for pregnancy location and viability, and twenty candidate biomarkers were identified. Further exploration of these proteins may facilitate validation as diagnostic tools for establishing early pregnancy diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt Barnhart
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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5
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Ellwood RA, Piasecki M, Szewczyk NJ. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094891. [PMID: 34063069 PMCID: PMC8125261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has been used extensively to enhance our understanding of the human neuromuscular disorder Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). With new arising clinically relevant models, technologies and treatments, there is a need to reconcile the literature and collate the key findings associated with this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Ellwood
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (R.A.E.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (R.A.E.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (R.A.E.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurologic Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Correspondence:
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Al-Khalili Szigyarto C. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: recent advances in protein biomarkers and the clinical application. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:365-375. [PMID: 32713262 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1773806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early biomarker discovery studies have praised the value of their emerging results, predicting an unprecedented impact on health care. Biomarkers are expected to provide tests with increased specificity and sensitivity compared to existing measures, improve the decision-making process, and accelerate the development of therapies. For rare disorders, like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) such biomarkers can assist the development of therapies, therefore also helping to find a cure for the disease. AREA COVERED State-of-the-art technologies have been used to identify blood biomarkers for DMD and efforts have been coordinated to develop and promote translation of biomarkers for clinical practice. Biomarker translation to clinical practice is however, adjoined by challenges related to the complexity of the disease, involving numerous biological processes, and the limited sample resources. This review highlights the current progress on the development of biomarkers, describing the proteomics technologies used, the most promising findings and the challenges encountered. EXPERT OPINION Strategies for effective use of samples combined with orthogonal proteomics methods for protein quantification are essential for translating biomarkers to the patient's bed side. Progress is achieved only if strong evidence is provided that the biomarker constitutes a reliable indicator of the patient's health status for a specific context of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , Solna, Sweden.,School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm, Sweden
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Capitanio D, Moriggi M, Torretta E, Barbacini P, De Palma S, Viganò A, Lochmüller H, Muntoni F, Ferlini A, Mora M, Gelfi C. Comparative proteomic analyses of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy muscles: changes contributing to preserve muscle function in Becker muscular dystrophy patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:547-563. [PMID: 31991054 PMCID: PMC7113522 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are characterized by muscle wasting leading to loss of ambulation in the first or third decade, respectively. In DMD, the lack of dystrophin hampers connections between intracellular cytoskeleton and cell membrane leading to repeated cycles of necrosis and regeneration associated with inflammation and loss of muscle ordered structure. BMD has a similar muscle phenotype but milder. Here, we address the question whether proteins at variance in BMD compared with DMD contribute to the milder phenotype in BMD, thus identifying a specific signature to be targeted for DMD treatment. METHODS Proteins extracted from skeletal muscle from DMD/BMD patients and young healthy subjects were either reduced and solubilized prior two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry differential analysis or tryptic digested prior label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses of proteins and peptides were performed by DeCyder and Perseus software and protein validation and verification by immunoblotting. RESULTS Proteomic results indicate minor changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition in BMD muscles with retention of mechanotransduction signalling, reduced changes in cytoskeletal and contractile proteins. Conversely, in DMD patients, increased levels of several ECM cytoskeletal and contractile proteins were observed whereas some proteins of fast fibres and of Z-disc decreased. Detyrosinated alpha-tubulin was unchanged in BMD and increased in DMD although neuronal nitric oxide synthase was unchanged in BMD and greatly reduced in DMD. Metabolically, the tissue is characterized by a decrement of anaerobic metabolism both in DMD and BMD compared with controls, with increased levels of the glycogen metabolic pathway in BMD. Oxidative metabolism is severely compromised in DMD with impairment of malate shuttle; conversely, it is active in BMD supporting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain. Adipogenesis characterizes DMD, whereas proteins involved in fatty acids beta-oxidation are increased in BMD. Proteins involved in protein/amino acid metabolism, cell development, calcium handling, endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum stress response, and inflammation/immune response were increased in DMD. Both disorders are characterized by the impairment of N-linked protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Authophagy was decreased in DMD whereas it was retained in BMD. CONCLUSIONS The mechanosensing and metabolic disruption are central nodes of DMD/BMD phenotypes. The ECM proteome composition and the metabolic rewiring in BMD lead to preservation of energy levels supporting autophagy and cell renewal, thus promoting the retention of muscle function. Conversely, DMD patients are characterized by extracellular and cytoskeletal protein dysregulation and by metabolic restriction at the level of α-ketoglutarate leading to shortage of glutamate-derived molecules that over time triggers lipogenesis and lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara De Palma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Viganò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, & Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Szigyarto CAK, Spitali P. Biomarkers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current findings. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 8:1-13. [PMID: 30050384 PMCID: PMC6053903 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous biomarkers have been unveiled in the rapidly evolving biomarker discovery field, with an aim to improve the clinical management of disorders. In rare diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, this endeavor has created a wealth of knowledge that, if effectively exploited, will benefit affected individuals, with respect to health care, therapy, improved quality of life and increased life expectancy. The most promising findings and molecular biomarkers are inspected in this review, with an aim to provide an overview of currently known biomarkers and the technological developments used. Biomarkers as cells, genetic variations, miRNAs, proteins, lipids and/or metabolites indicative of disease severity, progression and treatment response have the potential to improve development and approval of therapies, clinical management of DMD and patients’ life quality. We highlight the complexity of translating research results to clinical use, emphasizing the need for biomarkers, fit for purpose and describe the challenges associated with qualifying biomarkers for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto
- Division of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, .,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Pietro Spitali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands,
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9
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Zweyer M, Henry M, Meleady P, Mundegar RR, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of mdx-4cv serum reveals highly elevated levels of the inflammation-induced plasma marker haptoglobin in muscular dystrophy. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1357-1370. [PMID: 28440464 PMCID: PMC5428965 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked muscular dystrophy is caused by primary abnormalities in the Dmd gene and is characterized by the almost complete loss of the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, which triggers sarcolemmal instability, abnormal calcium homeostasis, increased proteolysis and impaired excitation-contraction coupling. In addition to progressive necrosis, crucial secondary pathologies are represented by myofibrosis and the invasion of immune cells in damaged muscle fibres. In order to determine whether these substantial changes within the skeletal musculature are reflected by an altered rate of protein release into the circulatory system or other plasma fluctuations, we used label-free mass spectrometry to characterize serum from the mdx-4cv model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Comparative proteomics revealed a large number of increased vs. decreased protein species in mdx-4cv serum. A serum component with greatly elevated levels was identified as the inflammation-inducible plasma marker haptoglobin. This acute phase response protein is usually secreted in relation to tissue damage and sterile inflammation. Both immunoblot analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed the increased concentration of haptoglobin in crude mdx-4cv serum. This suggests that haptoglobin, in conjunction with other altered serum proteins, represents a novel diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapy-monitoring biomarker candidate to evaluate the inflammatory response in the mdx-4cv animal model of dystrophinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D‑53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Rustam R Mundegar
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D‑53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D‑53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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10
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Petrera A, Gassenhuber J, Ruf S, Gunasekaran D, Esser J, Shahinian JH, Hübschle T, Rütten H, Sadowski T, Schilling O. Cathepsin A inhibition attenuates myocardial infarction-induced heart failure on the functional and proteomic levels. J Transl Med 2016; 14:153. [PMID: 27246731 PMCID: PMC4888645 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of heart failure. The carboxypeptidase cathepsin A is a novel target in the treatment of cardiac failure. We aim to show that recently developed inhibitors of the protease cathepsin A attenuate post-MI heart failure. Methods Mice were subjected to permanent left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation or sham operation. 24 h post–surgery, LAD-ligated animals were treated with daily doses of the cathepsin A inhibitor SAR1 or placebo. After 4 weeks, the three groups (sham, MI-placebo, MI-SAR1) were evaluated. Results Compared to sham-operated animals, placebo-treated mice showed significantly impaired cardiac function and increased plasma BNP levels. Cathepsin A inhibition prevented the increase of plasma BNP levels and displayed a trend towards improved cardiac functionality. Proteomic profiling was performed for the three groups (sham, MI-placebo, MI-SAR1). More than 100 proteins were significantly altered in placebo-treated LAD ligation compared to the sham operation, including known markers of cardiac failure as well as extracellular/matricellular proteins. This ensemble constitutes a proteome fingerprint of myocardial infarction induced by LAD ligation in mice. Cathepsin A inhibitor treatment normalized the marked increase of the muscle stress marker CA3 as well as of Igγ 2b and fatty acid synthase. For numerous further proteins, cathepsin A inhibition partially dampened the LAD ligation-induced proteome alterations. Conclusions Our proteomic and functional data suggest that cathepsin A inhibition has cardioprotective properties and support a beneficial effect of cathepsin A inhibition in the treatment of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0907-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Petrera
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johann Gassenhuber
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Ruf
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Deepika Gunasekaran
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Esser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 33, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Hasmik Shahinian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hübschle
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Rütten
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten Sadowski
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Ayoglu B, Chaouch A, Lochmüller H, Politano L, Bertini E, Spitali P, Hiller M, Niks EH, Gualandi F, Pontén F, Bushby K, Aartsma-Rus A, Schwartz E, Le Priol Y, Straub V, Uhlén M, Cirak S, 't Hoen PAC, Muntoni F, Ferlini A, Schwenk JM, Nilsson P, Al-Khalili Szigyarto C. Affinity proteomics within rare diseases: a BIO-NMD study for blood biomarkers of muscular dystrophies. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:918-36. [PMID: 24920607 PMCID: PMC4119355 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent progress in the broad-scaled analysis of proteins in body fluids, there is still a lack in protein profiling approaches for biomarkers of rare diseases. Scarcity of samples is the main obstacle hindering attempts to apply discovery driven protein profiling in rare diseases. We addressed this challenge by combining samples collected within the BIO-NMD consortium from four geographically dispersed clinical sites to identify protein markers associated with muscular dystrophy using an antibody bead array platform with 384 antibodies. Based on concordance in statistical significance and confirmatory results obtained from analysis of both serum and plasma, we identified eleven proteins associated with muscular dystrophy, among which four proteins were elevated in blood from muscular dystrophy patients: carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3), both specifically expressed in slow-twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and electron transfer flavoprotein A (ETFA). Using age-matched sub-cohorts, 9 protein profiles correlating with disease progression and severity were identified, which hold promise for the development of new clinical tools for management of dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ayoglu
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amina Chaouch
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Spitali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Hiller
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric H Niks
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Gualandi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- SciLifeLab, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kate Bushby
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Volker Straub
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Childrens National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Jackson MJ, Page S, Edwards RH. The nature of the proteins lost from isolated rat skeletal muscle during experimental damage. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 197:1-7. [PMID: 2044211 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90342-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the incubation media surrounding isolated rat soleus muscles has been used to determine the nature of the proteins lost from skeletal muscle during damage. Following various forms of experimental trauma only selected proteins are lost to the medium when compared to the protein composition of the muscle cytosol. The proteins released do not appear to be released in a size dependent manner and their release is partly inhibited by an absence of calcium in the extracellular medium. alpha-Tocopherol entirely prevents the release of cytosolic enzymes induced by intracellular calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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13
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Edwards RJ, Carter ND, Jeffery S, Yates S. Purification of human muscle phosphoglycerate mutase by fast protein liquid chromatography based on hydrophobic interactions. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 490:424-31. [PMID: 2549084 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Edwards
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, U.K
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14
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Takala TE, Rahkila P, Hakala E, Vuori J, Puranen J, Väänänen K. Serum carbonic anhydrase III, an enzyme of type I muscle fibres, and the intensity of physical exercise. Pflugers Arch 1989; 413:447-50. [PMID: 2500639 DOI: 10.1007/bf00594171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 30 min running with stepwise increasing intensity (exhaustive, energy demand approx. 50----100% of VO2max), 60 s supramaximal running (anaerobic, greater than or equal to 125% of VO2max) and 40-60 min low-intensity running (aerobic, 40-60% of VO2max) on serum concentration of muscle-derived proteins were studied in 5 male and 5 female elite orienteerers. S-Carbonic anhydrase III (S-CA III) was used as a marker of protein leakage from type I (slow oxidative) muscle fibres and S-myoglobin (S-Mb) as a non-selective (type I + II) muscular marker. The fractional increase in S-CA III (delta S-Ca III) was 0.37 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001), 0.10 +/- 0.05 (N. S.) and 0.46 +/- 0.09 (p less than 0.001) 1 h after exhaustive, anaerobic and aerobic exercise, respectively. The corresponding values for delta S-Mb were 1.45 +/- 0.36 (p less than 0.001), 0.39 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.01) and 0.67 +/- 0.18 (p less than 0.001). The value for the delta S-CA III/delta S-Mb ratio was 0.68 +/- 0.03 after the aerobic exercise, but only 0.25-0.26 (p vs. aerobic exercise less than 0.001) after the two high-intensity forms of exercise. Since type I fibres of skeletal muscle are known to be responsible for power production during low-intensity exercise, whereas fibres of both type I and type II are active at higher intensities, the delta S-CA III/delta S-Mb ratio may depend on the recruitment profile of type I vs. type I + II fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Takala
- Department of Sports Medicine, Deaconess Institute of Oulu, Finland
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15
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Peyronnard JM, Charron LF, Messier JP, Lavoie J, Faraco-Cantin F, Dubreuil M. Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in normal and diseased human muscle. Muscle Nerve 1988; 11:108-13. [PMID: 2963957 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for histological localization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in sections of frozen human muscle using the rapid and inexpensive histochemical technique of Hansson. Results obtained in normal subjects indicate clearly that CA reactive fibers are of type 1. Similarly, abnormalities seen with CA in the muscle biopsy of a patient presenting with type 1 fiber hypotrophy and preponderance duplicated almost exactly those observed with the actinomyosine adenosine triphosphatase and the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase reactions. Observations of grouped CA-positive muscle fibers in a case of chronic neurogenic atrophy suggest that, like other enzymes, CA expression in muscle is under neurogenic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Peyronnard
- Centre de recherche en sciences neurologiques, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Serum carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) levels were determined by means of an enzyme immunoassay method and were compared with serum creatine kinase (CK) and muscle-specific enolase (MSE) levels in 33 patients with myotonic dystrophy. Serum CAIII levels were elevated in all 33 patients, whereas serum CK and MSE levels were elevated in 12 and 10 patients, respectively. Serum CAIII levels showed a good correlation with CK levels, but a poor one with MSE levels. There was no obvious correlation between the serum CAIII level and the duration of illness or the age of the patient. These results suggest that serum CAIII is probably a more sensitive marker than CK and MSE in myotonic dystrophy and may also reflect the type 1 fiber abnormality more predominantly observed in myotonic dystrophy.
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17
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Osterman PO, Askmark H, Wistrand PJ. Serum carbonic anhydrase III in neuromuscular disorders and in healthy persons after a long-distance run. J Neurol Sci 1985; 70:347-57. [PMID: 3932601 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(85)90176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A radioimmunosorbent technique was used for the assay of the skeletal muscle specific enzyme, carbonic anhydrase III (CA III). The usefulness of serum CA III determinations for detecting skeletal muscle damage was evaluated by comparing the serum levels of this enzyme and of myoglobin and creatine kinase in 64 patients with neuromuscular disorders and in 13 healthy volunteers before and after a long-distance run. Increased serum CA III levels were found in all patients with muscular dystrophy, chronic polymyositis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in many with myasthenia gravis. In patients with polymyositis who were followed up with repeated blood sampling, the time courses of serum CA III levels, myoglobin levels and clinical symptoms were closely related. In all the runners the serum CA III level immediately after the run was increased. In the present study serum CA III and myoglobin seemed to be equally sensitive as biochemical markers of muscular damage and more sensitive than creatine kinase.
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18
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Väänänen HK, Paloniemi M, Vuori J. Purification and localization of human carbonic anhydrase. III. Typing of skeletal muscle fibers in paraffin embedded sections. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1985; 83:231-5. [PMID: 3930440 DOI: 10.1007/bf00953989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Three different isoenzymes of human carbonic anhydrase are now well characterized. Carbonic anhydrase I and II have been known for several years and are located in high amounts in red blood cells as well as in many other tissues. Carbonic anhydrase III, a protein showing CO2 hydratase and p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity was isolated from skeletal muscle some years ago. Earlier observations based on enzyme activity and radioimmunoassay studies have suggested that this protein is present in greater quantities in red skeletal muscles than in white ones. We have purified CA III from human soleus muscle and using obtained monospecific polyclonal antibody localized this protein in the same muscle fibers which show acid resistant ATPase activity. Using this protein as a marker for type I muscle fibers, fiber classification into type I and II could now be done also from paraffin embedded sections.
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19
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Heath R, Carter ND, Jeffery S, Edwards RJ, Watts DC, Watts RL. Evaluation of carrier detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using carbonic anhydrase III and creatine kinase. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1985; 21:291-6. [PMID: 3925781 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in plasma samples from a series of females at-risk as carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and compared with control groups. Both plasma CAIII and CK levels were raised in a proportion of carriers. Although measurement of CAIII and CK was no more successful in identifying carriers than CK alone, CAIII could fulfill a useful confirmatory role, particularly for cases with a marginally elevated CK or where the sample is poorly preserved. The difference between the CK and CAIII results could indicate biochemical heterogeneity in the expression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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20
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Mokuno K, Riku S, Matsuoka Y, Sobue I, Kato K. Serum carbonic anhydrase III in progressive muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 1985; 67:223-8. [PMID: 3920357 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(85)90118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III) levels were determined by means of an enzyme immunoassay method and compared with serum creatine kinase (CK) and muscle-specific enolase (MSE) levels in 143 patients with four types of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD), namely, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), limb-girdle dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and congenital dystrophy. Serum CA-III levels were raised in the majority of patients, especially in those with DMD. In DMD patients, the gradual decline in the CA-III level was observed with age. High correlations were found between CA-III, CK and MSE levels. The frequency of cases with elevated CA-III levels was the same as or greater than that of elevated CK or MSE levels in four types of PMD. These results suggest that serum CA-III may be a useful marker of muscle disease.
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21
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Heath R, Carter ND, Jeffery S, Edwards RJ, Watts DC, Watts RL, Rodeck C. Fetal plasma carbonic anhydrase III in prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1985; 20:115-22. [PMID: 3918446 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), a skeletal-muscle-specific enzyme which is elevated in the plasma of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, was measured by radioimmunoassay in fetal plasma in order to evaluate its application to prenatal diagnosis of DMD. Using fetoscopy, pure fetal blood samples were taken at 17-24 weeks gestation from 25 fetuses at risk for DMD and from 78 control fetuses. Care was taken in the handling and storage of all samples. Normal sons were born in eight cases at risk for DMD. The CAIII levels in the infants were not significantly different from those of the control infants. Pregnancies were terminated in the remaining 17 at-risk cases. The CAIII levels in the fetuses were significantly different (p = 0.0034) from those of the control fetuses, although the distributions overlapped. Based on prior maternal risk, seven affected fetuses were expected in the terminated group; five had CAIII levels at or above the 95th centile of the control range. It is suggested that measurement of CAIII achieves partial discrimination between affected fetuses and their normal at-risk brethren.
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22
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Chown PJ, Barnard EA, Barnard PJ, Liu PK, Carter ND. Plasma phosphoglycerate mutase as a marker of muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 1984; 65:201-10. [PMID: 6090594 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(84)90084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An elevation of phosphoglycerate mutase (PMG) has been detected in the blood plasma of the genetically dystrophic chicken and in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. In the dystrophic chicken, plasma PGM in the pectoral muscle was simultaneously depressed to less than one-half that of the normal chicken. In a group of 9 DMD patients, plasma PGM activity was found to be significantly raised above the normal range. A survey of a small group of plasma specimens from human fetuses at risk for muscular dystrophy also suggested that PGM merits investigation as a potential adjunct to other diagnostic indices.
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