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Shih KC, Janckila AJ, Lee WJ, Chou YC, Huang CJ, Kwok CF, Ho LT, Chao TY. Effects of bariatric weight loss surgery on glucose metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a in obese Chinese adults. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 453:197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen YG, Janckila A, Chao TY, Yeh RH, Gao HW, Lee SH, Yu JC, Liao GS, Dai MS. Association of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase-Expressed Macrophages and Metastatic Breast Cancer Progression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2165. [PMID: 26632898 PMCID: PMC4674201 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and cytokines constitute a state of chronic inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a (TRACP5a) protein, a novel product of activated macrophage, is postulated to be a biomarker for systemic inflammatory burden in states of chronic inflammation. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of TRACP5a expression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages and serum TRACP5a in patients with metastatic breast cancer (BC). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from 34 BC patients with confirmed skeletal/visceral metastasis upon or during first-line palliative treatment. Patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the therapeutic responses and follow-up disease course. The association of TRACP5a protein with other inflammatory and cancer biomarkers was assessed among the clinically distinct group of patients. Higher TRACP5a protein was significantly correlated with earlier disease progression and survival (P = 0.0045) in comparison to other inflammatory markers, CRP or IL-6. Patients with higher serum TRACP5a level and shorter survival and treatment refractoriness also had more TRACP+ tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Our data support a hypothesis that serum TRACP5a protein can potentially be a predictive and prognostic marker to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic response in BC patients with bone/visceral metastasis. The associations between overall survival and TRACP expression by macrophages require further prospective investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guang Chen
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Y-GC, R-HY, S-HL, M-SD); Special Hematology Laboratory, Veterans Administrative Medical Center, Louisville, KY (AJ); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University (T-YC); Division of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center (H-WG); and Division of Breast Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (J-CY, G-SL)
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Abstract
It is important that clinicians and laboratorians, including clinical chemists and pathologists, recognize and understand the clinical significance of abnormal liver function tests. The liver regulates many important metabolic functions. Hepatic injury is associated with distortion of these metabolic functions. Hepatic disease can be evaluated and diagnosed by determining serum concentrations of a number of serum analytes. Many serum analytes exist to assist in the biochemical diagnosis of liver disease. The focus of this paper is on the analytes which are associated with hepatic necrosis, cholestasis, defects in excretion and end stage hepatic disease which results in decreased synthetic function. The abnormalities of these serum analytes will be correlated with the important types of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Wolf
- Department of Pathology, University of California and Veteran's Administration Medical Centers, 200 W. Arbor Dr., 92103 San Diego, California USA
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Applications and performance of monoclonal antibodies to human tartrate resistant acid phosphatase. J Immunol Methods 2011; 372:162-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nouraie M, Cheng K, Niu X, Moore-King E, Fadojutimi-Akinsi MF, Minniti CP, Sable C, Rana S, Dham N, Campbell A, Ensing G, Kato GJ, Gladwin MT, Castro OL, Gordeuk VR. Predictors of osteoclast activity in patients with sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2011; 96:1092-8. [PMID: 21546502 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.042499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone changes are common in sickle cell disease, but the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) type 5b is produced by bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In other forms of hemolytic anemia, increased iron stores are associated with osteoporosis. We hypothesized that transfusional iron overload would be associated with increased osteoclast activity in patients with sickle cell disease. DESIGN AND METHODS We examined tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b concentrations in patients with sickle cell disease and normal controls of similar age and sex distribution at steady state. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b concentration was measured using an immunocapture enzyme assay and plasma concentrations of other cytokines were assayed using the Bio-Plex suspension array system. Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, an indirect measure of systolic pulmonary artery pressure, was determined by echocardiography. RESULTS Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b concentrations were higher in 58 adults with sickle cell disease than in 22 controls (medians of 4.4 versus 2.4 U/L, respectively; P=0.0001). Among the patients with sickle cell disease, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b independently correlated with blood urea nitrogen (standardized beta=0.40, P=0.003), interleukin-8 (standardized beta=0.30, P=0.020), and chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (standardized beta=-0.28, P=0.031) concentrations, but not with serum ferritin concentration. Frequent blood transfusions (>10 units in life time) were not associated with higher tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels in multivariate analysis. There were strong correlations among tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, alkaline phosphatase and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (r>0.35, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with sickle cell disease have increased osteoclast activity as reflected by serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b concentrations. Our results may support a potential role of inflammation rather than increased iron stores in stimulating osteoclast activity in sickle cell disease. The positive relationships among tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, alkaline phosphatase and tricuspid regurgitation velocity raise the possibility of a common pathway in the pulmonary and bone complications of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nouraie
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Howard University, 1840 7th Street NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
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Janckila AJ, Lin HF, Wu YY, Ku CH, Yang SP, Lin WS, Lee SH, Yam LT, Chao TY. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a (TRACP5a) as a potential risk marker in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:963-9. [PMID: 21300043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the association between serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a (TRACP5a) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS Four hundred patients were enrolled including, 291 asymptomatic subjects grouped by the number of traditional risk factors, 36 patients undergoing cardiac arteriography, 34 undergoing percutaneous cardiac intervention, and 39 with acute myocardial infarction. Serum was collected at baseline and, in arteriograpy and intervention groups, periodically for 1 week afterward. In addition to laboratory and clinical evaluation for risk assessment, serum TRACP5a, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. RESULTS All biomarkers rose with increasing CVD risk. Only serum TRACP5a, logCRP and cholesterol were elevated in symptomatic patients. Serum TRACP5a was higher in men and correlated with age, logCRP, logIL-6 and log-triglycerides, and in symptomatic patients, with the number of diseased coronary arteries. IL-6 and CRP showed acute phase responses, whereas TRACP5a did not change over 1 week after arteriography or intervention. After adjustment for all other variables and risk factors, TRACP5a and logCRP were the only biomarkers to associate with symptomatic disease. TRACP5a was more specific than CRP to predict myocardial infarction among all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Serum TRACP5a is a macrophage-derived inflammation marker associated with CVD risk, and with coronary vessel disease and its severity and may be a useful marker for screening and assessment of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Janckila
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
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Chao TY, Wu YY, Janckila AJ. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) as a serum maker for cancer with bone metastasis. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1553-64. [PMID: 20599857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Janckila AJ, Yam LT. Biology and clinical significance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases: new perspectives on an old enzyme. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:465-83. [PMID: 19915788 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been a clinically relevant biomarker for about 50 years. It has always been a reliable and specific cytochemical marker for hairy cell leukemia and for differentiated cells of monocytic lineage. Only recently has the test for serum TRAP activity been accepted as sensitive and specific enough for clinical use as a marker of osteoclasts and bone resorption. This has come about through steady advances in knowledge about TRAP enzymology, structure, function, and molecular regulation and a consequent appreciation that TRAP isoforms 5a and 5b have very different clinical significance. As a measure of osteoclast number and bone resorption, TRAP 5b has diagnostic and prognostic applications in osteoporosis, cancers with bone metastasis, chronic renal failure, and perhaps other metabolic and pathologic bone diseases. Serum TRAP 5a, on the other hand, has no relationship to bone metabolism but seems instead to be a measure of activated macrophages and chronic inflammation. Exploration of the real clinical usefulness of serum TRAP 5a for diagnosis and disease management in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases is only now beginning. This perspective traces the important basic scientific developments that have led up to the refinement of serum TRAP isoform immunoassays and their validation as biomarkers of disease. Many unanswered questions remain, providing a wealth of opportunity for continued research of this multifaceted enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Janckila
- Special Hematology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Ave., Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
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Janckila AJ, Slone SP, Lear SC, Martin A, Yam LT. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as an immunohistochemical marker for inflammatory macrophages. Am J Clin Pathol 2007; 127:556-66. [PMID: 17369130 DOI: 10.1309/dgea9be2ve5vcfyh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum contains 2 isoforms of type-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP): 5a and 5b. TRACP-5b is osteoclastic. Our goal was to determine if serum TRACP-5a could originate from inflammatory macrophages (MPhi). We stained 246 paraffin-embedded tissue samples for TRACP using monoclonal antibody 9C5 (mab9C5) to isoforms 5a and 5b and a novel mab220 specific to isoform 5a. CD68 and lysozyme were also stained. MPhi of chronic and granulomatous inflammation and in tissues that undergo strong antigenic stimulation were strongly positive for TRACP, more so with mab220 than with mab9C5. Noninflammatory MPhi in lymph node sinuses or germinal centers and red pulp MPhi of spleen were weak or negative for TRACP. Marginal zone lymphocytes and sebaceous glands of skin were weakly positive for TRACP. Tissue mast cells displayed strong TRACP staining. Neuroendocrine cells of gastrointestinal tissues were strongly immunoreactive with mab9C5 but negative with mab220. Restricted expression of TRACP primarily in inflammatory MPhi supports our hypothesis that circulating TRACP-5a could be a biomarker of chronic inflammatory disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Janckila
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Special Hematology Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
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Garnero P, Delmas PD. Noninvasive techniques for assessing skeletal changes in inflammatory arthritis: bone biomarkers. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2004; 16:428-34. [PMID: 15201607 DOI: 10.1097/01.moo.0000127830.72761.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory arthritis diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by systemic bone loss and increased risk of osteoporosis and local joint bone erosion. Clinical and biologic parameters of disease activity and inflammation and radiologic findings are poorly sensitive for assessing skeletal changes. More specific biologic markers reflecting systemic quantitative and dynamic changes of bone turnover represent promising adjunctive tools. RECENT FINDINGS More specific and well-characterized biochemical assays especially for type I collagen-based bone resorption markers have been recently developed. Prospective studies indicate that increased levels of some biochemical markers of bone resorption are associated with a more rapid progression of joint destruction in patients with early RA, independently of disease activity and inflammation parameters. This increased bone resorption associated with local bone erosion is likely to be mediated by changes in the balance of the OPG/RANK-L system (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB-ligand and osteoprotegerin) as suggested by the significant association of this ratio in serum and long-term radiologic progression. Besides their well-documented response to bisphosphonate treatment used as adjuvant therapy in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, bone markers may be useful to assess potential beneficial effects of new disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on systemic bone loss and on progression of joint damage. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that biochemical markers of bone resorption may be useful to predict progression of joint damage in RA. Together with new biochemical markers of cartilage turnover, they are likely to play a major role in assessing effects of treatment on joint damage. Their value in assessing systemic and local bone abnormalities should be explored in other inflammatory arthritis diseases such as ankylosing spondylarthritis.
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Janckila AJ, Neustadt DH, Nakasato YR, Halleen JM, Hentunen T, Yam LT. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoforms in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 320:49-58. [PMID: 11983200 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate the significance and source of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Thirty-five RA, 32 osteoarthritis (OA) and 16 control subjects were studied. Serum TRACP-5b activity and total TRACP protein were determined by immunoassay. TRACP isoforms were analyzed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides (NTx), and C-terminal telopeptides (ICTP) of type I collagen were estimated as markers of bone turnover. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured as a marker of chronic inflammation. Macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) were developed from peripheral blood monocytes. Cell lysates and culture supernatants were analyzed for TRACP isoforms by immunoassay and PAGE. RESULTS In RA, mean TRACP-5b activity was normal, but median total TRACP protein was increased twofold (p<0.001). In OA, TRACP-5b activity and protein were normal. In RA, TRACP-5b activity correlated weakly with ICTP (r=0.56) while TRACP protein levels correlated weakly with NTx (r=0.43). Additionally, TRACP protein, but not TRACP-5b activity correlated significantly with CRP (r=0.42). Macrophage and DC lysates contained TRACP-5b, while tissue culture supernatants contained TRACP-5a. CONCLUSIONS Increased total TRACP protein in RA sera was probably due to TRACP-5a and not derived from osteoclasts. Rather, it could be a secreted product of inflammatory macrophages and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Janckila
- Special Hematology Laboratory, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Ave., Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
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Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed enzyme family of the acid phosphatases. Nearly 30 years ago, TRAP became known to hematologists as cytochemical marker enzyme of hairy cell leukemia. Physiologically, TRAP is primarily a cytochemical marker of macrophages, osteoclasts and dendritic cells. TRAP is localized intracellularly in the lysosomal compartment. Recent data suggest also secretion of TRAP by some cell types, in particular by osteoclasts. Human, mouse and rat TRAP are biochemically well characterized. While the complete genomic sequence of TRAP has been elucidated, only limited information on the genetic details of the gene and its regulation is available. It appears that the intracellular iron content is involved in the regulation of the enzyme. The physiological substrates for this enzyme have not been identified yet and consequently the functional role of TRAP remains completely unknown, though some hypotheses have been forwarded, e.g. involvement in bone resorption and iron homeostasis (transport, metabolism). Taken together, research on the biology of TRAP has been intensive and has led to considerable progress on a number of fronts, including the cloning of the gene. Further studies are, however, still required to determine the role of TRAP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Lamp
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Janckila AJ, Cardwell EM, Yam LT. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1997; 16:175-82. [PMID: 9145320 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1997.16.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A major product of osteoclasts, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is an essential but insufficient enzyme for bone resorption. TRAP is an excellent cell marker for osteoclasts and macrophages and is being investigated as a serum marker for osteoclast activity in diseases of bone destruction. For decades, TRAP has also been used as a marker for hairy cell leukemia. Immunoassays for TRAP are sought to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the TRAP test for bone and hairy cells. Our laboratory recently developed a monoclonal antibody to TRAP (9C5) useful for immunohistochemical identification of TRAP-positive cells in paraffin sections. Herein, we characterize 9C5 in greater detail and report production of another anti-TRAP monoclonal antibody antibody (14G6) reactive with native, active enzyme antigen. Enzyme immunoassay, immunoprecipitation, western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the contrasting properties of 9C5 and 14G6. Antibody 9C5 reacts with a heat-denatured epitope and is suitable for denaturing western blot analysis and for immunohistochemistry. Antibody 14G6 reacts with a conformational determinant destroyed by heat and is suitable for immunoprecipitation of active TRAP, although 20% to 30% of activity is inhibited in the immune complexes. Having characterized several properties of these anti-TRAP antibodies, 9C5 and 14G6 may be useful for development of TRAP-specific immunoassays in bone pathology and hematology. They will certainly be of use for the study of biosynthesis, regulation, expression, and function of TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Janckila
- Special Hematology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Plebani M, Bernardi D, Zaninotto M, De Paoli M, Secchiero S, Sciacovelli L. New and traditional serum markers of bone metabolism in the detection of skeletal metastases. Clin Biochem 1996; 29:67-72. [PMID: 8929827 DOI: 10.1016/0009-9120(95)02001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evaluation of "new" and "traditional" markers of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity, in patients with bone metastases. DESIGN AND METHODS Our series consist of 40 patients with clinical, radiological, and scintigraphic evidence of bone metastases, and 40 age-matched healthy subjects. In all samples, traditional markers were evaluated by measuring total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrACP) activity, and osteocalcin (BGP) concentration. To assess new biochemical bone markers, bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP-B) activity, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) concentrations were measured. RESULTS Our findings showed that the best diagnostic efficiency is provided by ICTP (0.94) followed by total ALP (0.90), ALP-B (0.80), and TrACP (0.76). The efficiency of BGP and PICP was, instead, very low (0.64 and 0.60, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the utility of the new serum markers such as ALP-B and ICTP assays in detecting bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Italy
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Abstract
The identity and genetic origins of the nonspecific orthophosphate monoesterases with an acid pH optimum--the acid phosphatases--are now becoming clear. They form a family of genetically distinct isoenzymes, many of which show significant posttranslational modification. Four true isoenzymes exist. The erythrocytic and lysosomal forms show widespread distribution and are expressed in most cells; in contrast, the prostatic and macrophagic forms have a more limited expression. The erythrocytic and macrophagic forms are distinguished from the others in resisting inhibition by dextrorotatory tartrate. The prostatic form has long been used as a marker for prostatic cancer and the macrophagic forms have been linked with miscellaneous disorders, notably increased osteolysis, Gaucher's disease of spleen, and hairy cell leukemia, whereas the normal levels of intravesical lysosomal acid phosphatase in I cell disease pointed the way toward the mechanisms underlying its intracellular processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Moss
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, U.K
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Hollak CE, van Weely S, van Oers MH, Aerts JM. Marked elevation of plasma chitotriosidase activity. A novel hallmark of Gaucher disease. J Clin Invest 1994; 93:1288-92. [PMID: 8132768 PMCID: PMC294082 DOI: 10.1172/jci117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD; glucosylceramidosis) is caused by a deficient activity of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GC). Clinical manifestations are highly variable and cannot be predicted accurately on the basis of the properties of mutant GC. Analysis of secondary abnormalities, such as elevated plasma levels of some hydrolases, may help to increase insight into the complicated pathophysiology of the disease and could also provide useful disease markers. The recent availability of enzyme supplementation therapy for GD increases the need for markers as early predictors of the efficacy of treatment. We report the finding of a very marked increase in chitotrisidase activity in plasma of 30 of 32 symptomatic type 1 GD patients studied: the median activity being > 600 times the median value in plasma of healthy volunteers. In three GC-deficient individuals without clinical symptoms, only slight increases were noted. Chitotriosidase activity was absent in plasma of three control subjects and two patients. During enzyme supplementation therapy, chitotriosidase activity declined dramatically. We conclude that plasma chitotriosidase levels can serve as a new diagnostic hallmark of GD and should prove to be useful in assessing whether clinical manifestations of GD are present and for monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Hollak
- Department of Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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