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Guo LW, Jordaan A, Schultz ET, McCormick SD. Identification of supraoptimal temperatures in juvenile blueback herring ( Alosa aestivalis) using survival, growth rate and scaled energy reserves. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac022. [PMID: 35492413 PMCID: PMC9040283 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For young fishes, growth of somatic tissues and energy reserves are critical steps for survival and progressing to subsequent life stages. When thermal regimes become supraoptimal, routine metabolic rates increase and leave less energy for young fish to maintain fitness-based activities and, in the case of anadromous fishes, less energy to prepare for emigration to coastal habitats. Thus, understanding how energy allocation strategies are affected by thermal regimes in young anadromous fish will help to inform climate-ready management of vulnerable species and their habitat. Blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) are an anadromous fish species that remain at historically low population levels and are undergoing southern edge-range contraction, possibly due to climate change. We examined the effects of temperature (21°C, 24°C, 27°C, 30°C, 33°C) on survival, growth rate and energy reserves of juveniles collected from the mid-geographic range of the species. We identified a strong negative relationship between temperature and growth rate, resulting in smaller juveniles at high temperatures. We observed reduced survival at both 21°C and 33°C, increased fat and lean mass-at-length at high temperatures, but no difference in energy density. Juveniles were both smaller and contained greater scaled energy reserves at higher temperatures, indicating growth in length is more sensitive to temperature than growth of energy reserves. Currently, mid-geographic range juvenile blueback herring populations may be well suited for local thermal regimes, but continued warming could decrease survival and growth rates. Blueback herring populations may benefit from mitigation actions that maximize juvenile energy resources by increasing the availability of cold refugia and food-rich habitats, as well as reducing other stressors such as hypoxic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian W Guo
- Corresponding author: 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Adrian Jordaan
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Eric T Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Centre, S.O. Conte Research Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA
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Duration of stunting impacts compensatory growth and carcass quality of farmed milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) under field conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16747. [PMID: 31727955 PMCID: PMC6856111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An 18-months field trial was performed to explore the effect of duration of stunting on growth, digestive enzymes and carcass quality in Chanos chanos. Milkfish fry (weight of 1.25 ± 0.03 g and length of 5.53 ± 0.03 cm) were stocked in earthen ponds of 0.02 ha, in triplicate, for different duration of stunting, viz., 4 months (Treatment-1; T4), 8 months (Treatment-2; T8) and 12 months (Treatment-3; T12) and a normal seed (Control; C) separately. In the stunting phase, fish were stocked at higher stocking density (0.2 million/ha) and fed de-oiled rice bran at sub-optimal level. Post-stunting or re-feeding phase commenced immediately after completion of respective stunting duration and fish were reared for the rest of the period to complete the total rearing period of 18 months. In post-stunting, fish stocking density was adjusted to (5000 pieces/ha) and fed at an optimum level (3%). At the end of stunting phase, the study found a significant reduction in growth, survival, digestive enzymes activity, except protease in the T4 group, and carcass nutrients composition of stunted fish. However, in the initial phase of post-stunting, T8 group exhibited an elevated specific growth rate (5.00 ± 0.092%/day), body weight gain (80.82 ± 1.28 g), amylase (0.585 ± 0.021 U/mg protein), protease (5.48 ± 0.13 U/mg protein), and lipase activity (7.92 ± 0.32 U/mg protein). All stunted fish groups displayed a compensatory growth response in post-stunting, but a complete growth compensation was observed in T8 group, which resulted in better feed conversion ratio (3.03 ± 0.04) feed efficiency ratio (0.33 ± 0.01), protein efficiency ratio (1.91 ± 0.03), survival (91.38 ± 0.07%) and digestive enzyme activities. Similarly, at the end of post-stunting, carcass analysis revealed a complete restoration of nutrients in stunted fish and significantly higher protein content in T8 group. Further, the study found lower meat and higher bone contents in normally reared fish than the post-stunted fish which revealed the carcass quality improvement in post-stunted fish thus indicates superiority of the stunting process over normal rearing. Overall, the study suggests that stunting of milkfish, for 8 months (T8), positively affects its growth, survival, digestive enzyme activities and carcass quality which in turn, shall help to overcome the contemporary challenges in milkfish culture.
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Glass JR, Stahlschmidt ZR. Should I stay or should I go? Complex environments influence the developmental plasticity of flight capacity and flight-related trade-offs. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Complex environments, characterized by co-varying factors (e.g. temperature and food availability) may cause animals to invest resources differentially into fitness-related traits. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental factors concurrently provide valuable insight into the role of the environment in shaping not only important traits (e.g. dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait–trait interactions (e.g. trade-offs between traits). We used a multi-factorial design to manipulate variation in temperature (constant 28 °C vs. 28 ± 5 °C daily cycle) and food availability (unlimited vs. intermittent access) throughout development in the sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus). Using a univariate approach, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food availability promoted survival, development, growth, body size and/or reproductive investment. Using principal components as indices of resource allocation strategy, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food reduced investment into flight capacity in females. Thus, we detected a sex-specific trade-off between flight and other life-history traits that was developmentally plastic in response to variation in temperature and food availability. We develop an experimental and statistical framework to reveal shifts in correlative patterns of investment into different life-history traits. This approach can be applied to a range of biological systems to investigate how environmental complexity influences traits and trait trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Glass
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Chatzifotis S, Clavero S, Kounna C, Soumalevris A, Feidantsis K, Antonopoulou E. Effects of long-term feed deprivation on body weight loss, muscle composition, plasma metabolites, and intermediate metabolism of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) under different water temperatures. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:527-542. [PMID: 29255942 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of feed deprivation at four water temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 °C) was investigated in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) of initial mean weight ± SD, 116.16 ± 4.74 g, in triplicate groups. Fish were deprived of feed for a period of 60 days and sampled on days 0, 14, 41, and 60, during which body weight, specific growth rate, somatic indices, muscle proximate composition, plasma metabolite levels (total lipids, proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose), and liver and muscle enzymatic activities [L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH), citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH)] were evaluated. Long-term feed deprivation resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), muscle lipids, and plasma metabolites (all except proteins) and increase in muscle moisture. Plasma glucose concentration decreased with time and became significantly lower at 41 and 60 days. Glucose concentration and weight loss expressed a different response in the short term (14 days) than in the long term (14 and 60 days) of feed deprivation, suggesting a change in glucose metabolic profile. After 60 days of feed deprivation, there was an increase in the L-LDH activity in the liver at all temperature levels, which reflects a rising glycolytic potential by activating the carbohydrate metabolism and an ATP-dependent demand. MDH activity increased in the liver and muscle, except at 17 °C in the muscle, which indicates aerobic glycolysis and lipolysis. CS activity in the liver increased after the 60 days, whereas that in the muscle decreased, indicating the muscle is less dependent on aerobic oxidation for energy reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Chatzifotis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Sofia Clavero
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christiana Kounna
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandros Soumalevris
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jusup M, Sousa T, Domingos T, Labinac V, Marn N, Wang Z, Klanjšček T. Physics of metabolic organization. Phys Life Rev 2016; 20:1-39. [PMID: 27720138 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We review the most comprehensive metabolic theory of life existing to date. A special focus is given to the thermodynamic roots of this theory and to implications that the laws of physics-such as the conservation of mass and energy-have on all life. Both the theoretical foundations and biological applications are covered. Hitherto, the foundations were more accessible to physicists or mathematicians, and the applications to biologists, causing a dichotomy in what always should have been a single body of work. To bridge the gap between the two aspects of the same theory, we (i) adhere to the theoretical formalism, (ii) try to minimize the amount of information that a reader needs to process, but also (iii) invoke examples from biology to motivate the introduction of new concepts and to justify the assumptions made, and (iv) show how the careful formalism of the general theory enables modular, self-consistent extensions that capture important features of the species and the problem in question. Perhaps the most difficult among the introduced concepts, the utilization (or mobilization) energy flow, is given particular attention in the form of an original and considerably simplified derivation. Specific examples illustrate a range of possible applications-from energy budgets of individual organisms, to population dynamics, to ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jusup
- Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Hokkaido University, 5-8 Kita Ward, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan.
| | - Tânia Sousa
- Maretec, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Domingos
- Maretec, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Velimir Labinac
- Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, R. Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nina Marn
- Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Tin Klanjšček
- Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Rummel CD, Löder MGJ, Fricke NF, Lang T, Griebeler EM, Janke M, Gerdts G. Plastic ingestion by pelagic and demersal fish from the North Sea and Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:134-41. [PMID: 26621577 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plastic ingestion by marine biota has been reported for a variety of different taxa. In this study, we investigated 290 gastrointestinal tracts of demersal (cod, dab and flounder) and pelagic fish species (herring and mackerel) from the North and Baltic Sea for the occurrence of plastic ingestion. In 5.5% of all investigated fishes, plastic particles were detected, with 74% of all particles being in the microplastic (<5mm) size range. The polymer types of all found particles were analysed by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Almost 40% of the particles consisted of polyethylene (PE). In 3.4% of the demersal and 10.7% of the pelagic individuals, plastic ingestion was recorded, showing a significantly higher ingestion frequency in the pelagic feeders. The condition factor K was calculated to test differences in the fitness status between individuals with and without ingested plastic, but no direct effect was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Rummel
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (BAH), Kurpromenade, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Martin G J Löder
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (BAH), Kurpromenade, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Nicolai F Fricke
- Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lang
- Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Griebeler
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Zoology, Department of Ecology, Germany.
| | - Michael Janke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (BAH), Kurpromenade, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (BAH), Kurpromenade, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany.
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7
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McCue MD. Starvation physiology: reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:1-18. [PMID: 20060056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
All animals face the possibility of limitations in food resources that could ultimately lead to starvation-induced mortality. The primary goal of this review is to characterize the various physiological strategies that allow different animals to survive starvation. The ancillary goals of this work are to identify areas in which investigations of starvation can be improved and to discuss recent advances and emerging directions in starvation research. The ubiquity of food limitation among animals, inconsistent terminology associated with starvation and fasting, and rationale for scientific investigations into starvation are discussed. Similarities and differences with regard to carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism during starvation are also examined in a comparative context. Examples from the literature are used to underscore areas in which reporting and statistical practices, particularly those involved with starvation-induced changes in body composition and starvation-induced hypometabolism can be improved. The review concludes by highlighting several recent advances and promising research directions in starvation physiology. Because the hundreds of studies reviewed here vary so widely in their experimental designs and treatments, formal comparisons of starvation responses among studies and taxa are generally precluded; nevertheless, it is my aim to provide a starting point from which we may develop novel approaches, tools, and hypotheses to facilitate meaningful investigations into the physiology of starvation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D McCue
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
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8
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KEKÄLÄINEN JUKKA, HUUSKONEN HANNU, KIVINIEMI VESA, TASKINEN JOUNI. Visual conditions and habitat shape the coloration of the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.): a trade-off between camouflage and communication? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Fatty acid analyses may provide insight into the progression of starvation among squamate reptiles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 151:239-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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ROSS DEREKA, LOVE RMALCOLM. Decrease in the cold store flavour developed by frozen fillets of starved cod (Gadus morhua L.). Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Boscolo R, Cacciatore F, Berto D, Marin MG, Giani M. Contamination of natural and cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the northern Adriatic Sea by tributyltin and dibutyltin compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Knaepkens G, Knapen D, Bervoets L, Hänfling B, Verheyen E, Eens M. Genetic diversity and condition factor: a significant relationship in Flemish but not in German populations of the European bullhead (Cottus gobio L.). Heredity (Edinb) 2003; 89:280-7. [PMID: 12242644 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2002] [Accepted: 06/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although evidence of associations between genetic diversity and fitness in wild species has been published, the lack of a comprehensive review across species and the existence of contradictory results have led to scepticism remaining about its existence and importance in natural populations. In this study, the relationship between genetic diversity at six microsatellite loci and condition factor (a fitness related trait) was investigated at the population level in both Flemish and German populations of the European bullhead (Cottus gobio). A significant positive correlation was observed between genetic variability and the condition factor in Flemish but not in German bullhead populations. Environmental conditions such as conductivity of the water seemed more important in determining the condition factor of these latter populations. Regardless of the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for the different relationships, the results of this study suggest that both genetic and environmental variables can influence condition factor of bullhead populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Knaepkens
- University of Antwerp - UIA, Universiteitsplein 1, Belgium.
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13
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Echevarrı́a G, Martı́nez-Bebiá M, Zamora S. Evolution of Biometric Indices and Plasma Metabolites During Prolonged Starvation in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(96)00416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Sheridan MA, Mommsen TP. Effects of nutritional state on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991; 81:473-83. [PMID: 2055444 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were placed on five dietary regimes: fed 1 week, fasted 1 week, fed 3 weeks, fasted 3 weeks, and fasted 1 week/refed 2 weeks. Plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP) and the activities of key metabolic enzymes were determined. Plasma glucose levels in the fed control groups were 98.4 +/- 3.4 (SEM) and 104.8 +/- 4.7 mg/dl at 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. Plasma glucose in the fasted 1 week group was significantly elevated to 128.8 +/- 9.2 mg/dl. Animals fasted 3 weeks or fasted 1 week/refed 2 weeks displayed plasma glucose levels similar to those of fed animals. Fasted groups possessed significantly less liver glycogen than fed or fasted/refed groups. Plasma fatty acids were elevated only after 3 weeks of fasting (from 0.39 +/- 0.04 microEq/ml to 0.61 +/- 0.06 microEq/ml). This response was reflected in elevated liver lipase activity (from 6.02 +/- 0.44 nmol fatty acid released/hr/mg protein to 14.22 +/- 0.90 units). No significant alterations in liver lipogenesis, assessed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and by 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids, were observed. Gluconeogenic flux, determined indirectly through kinetic parameters of pyruvate kinase, was enhanced in animals fasted 3 weeks and in animals recovering from a 1-week fast. Plasma insulin levels were highest in fed groups (7.7 +/- 2.3 and 5.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml at 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively) and were significantly depressed in fasted groups. Plasma levels of glucagon and GLP were also depressed in fasted groups. These results indicate that plasma glucose levels are maintained in salmon during fasting and that fasting-induced hyperlipidemia is mediated by lipolytic enzyme activity. Insulin, glucagon, and GLP may interact with these enzyme systems to coordinate nutritional metabolism of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sheridan
- Department of Zoology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
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16
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Merkle S, Hanke W. Long-term starvation in Xenopus laevis Daudin--II. Effects on several organs. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 90:491-5. [PMID: 2901321 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of starvation for 12 months on organo-somatic indices, glycogen, protein and water contents of several organs and the Na+/K+ ratio in muscle was studied in the South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis Daudin. 2. The liver- and ovary-somatic index were reduced by 30 and 70% of the initial value after 12 months. Fat bodies had disappeared after approximately 6 months of starvation. The indices of heart and kidney were not changed. 3. Glycogen concentration of the liver, ovaries and muscle were depleted nearly totally during the first half of the experimental time, whereas glycogen in the kidney seemed to be unaffected. 4. Protein concentration increased in the liver, decreased in the muscle and remained constant in the kidney. 5. Starvation caused an increase of the water concentration of the whole animal and different organs, especially at the end of the experiment. 6. The Na+/K+ ratio of the muscle increased significantly after 6 months of starvation and reached a maximum after 10 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Merkle
- Department of Zoology, University of Karlsruhe, FRG
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17
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Merkle S, Hanke W. Long-term starvation in Xenopus laevis daudin—I. Effects on general metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Changes in the biochemical composition of tissues in Juvenile Sea bass during forced starvation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(84)90038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Rath SS, Patnaik BK. Effect of short-term starvation stress on the age-related changes in hepatic SDH activity of the indian murrel, Channa punctatus. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1983; 2:201-9. [PMID: 6651392 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(83)90023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/1982] [Revised: 01/05/1983] [Accepted: 03/24/1983] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Judging from correlation analysis it is evident that the fed control male and female murrels of the oldest classes have significantly higher SDH (EC 1.3.99.1) activity than the youngest classes of respective sexes. This is true for starved groups also. Starvation for 3 days led to an increase in hepatic enzyme activity over fed controls in three oldest groups (3+-, 4+- and 5+-yr classes) of female. This trend of raised activity was maintained in the same groups even in 7 days of starvation. On the other hand, in the male fish, 3 days of starvation caused an increase in hepatic enzyme activity over that in fed control fishes of all year classes barring those of 0+-yr class. Seven days of starvation failed to produce a significant change in enzyme activity in almost all age classes except in the 5+-yr class where the activity still remained at a higher level over that of fed controls.
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20
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Woo NY, Fung AC. Studies on the biology of the red sea bream Chrysophrys major—IV. Metabolic effects of starvation at low temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(81)93005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Woo NY, Cheung S. Metabolic effects of starvation in the snakehead, Ophiocephalus maculatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(80)90251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Crawford RE. Effect of starvation and experimental feeding on the proximate composition and caloric content of an antarctic teleost, Notothenia coriiceps neglecta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(79)90063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Narayansingh T, Eales JG. The influence of physiological doses of thyroxine on the lipid reserves of starved and fed brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 52:407-12. [PMID: 1183190 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dave G, Johansson-Sjöbeck ML, Larsson A, Lewander K, Lidman U. Metabolic and hematological effects of starvation in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. I. Carbohydrate, lipid, protein and inorganic ion metabolism. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1975; 52:423-30. [PMID: 241537 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(75)80059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Larsson A, Lewander K. Metabolic effects of starvation in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1973; 44:367-74. [PMID: 4145756 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(73)90489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Minick MC, Chavin W. Effects of vertebrate insulins upon serum FFA and phospholipid levels in the goldfish, Carassius auratus Linnaeus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1972; 41:791-804. [PMID: 4402086 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(72)90342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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