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Mohammadi Movahed M, Hosseini SA, Akbary P, Hajimoradloo A, Hedayati SAA. Antibacterial activity of muscle wall extracts of sea cucumber (Stichopus horrens) from Chabahar coastal area, Iran, against pathogenic bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1967161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Mohammadi Movahed
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Hosseini
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Paria Akbary
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Fisheries group, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Akbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Logvinov SV, Denisenko VA, Dmitrenok PS, Moiseenko OP. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerins from Scaphechinus mirabilis. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Diop MS, Samb A. Identification de glycolipides isolés d'algues et de cnidaire de la côte sénégalaise. CR CHIM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2003.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fattorusso E, Mangoni A. Marine glycolipids. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1997; 72:215-301. [PMID: 9369093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6527-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Kawano T, Koyama S, Takematsu H, Kozutsumi Y, Kawasaki H, Kawashima S, Kawasaki T, Suzuki A. Molecular cloning of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase. Regulation of species- and tissue-specific expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:16458-63. [PMID: 7608218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.27.16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) hydroxylase, which is the key enzyme for the synthesis of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), has been purified from the cytosolic fraction of mouse liver, as described in our previous paper. The amino acid sequences of the purified CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase, and peptides obtained by lysylendopeptidase digestion, were used to synthesize specific oligonucleotide primers. A mouse cDNA clone of the enzyme was obtained by a combination of the polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The sequence of the clone contained an open reading frame coding for a protein of 577 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 66 kDa. The deduced sequence included the amino acid sequences obtained for the purified enzyme and peptides, and a complete match was obtained for 159 residues. The enzyme has neither a signal peptide sequence nor a membrane spanning domain, which is consistent with localization of the enzyme in the cytosol. Transfection of a cDNA construct to COS-1 cells increased the enzyme activity and the amount of NeuGc. Comparison of the sequence with GenBank data indicated that no similar sequence has been reported so far. Northern blot analysis of various mouse tissues with the enzyme cDNA as a probe indicated that expression of NeuGc is related to the level of CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase mRNA. On Southern blot analysis with the same probe, cross-hybridizing bands were detected in the human and fish genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawano
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
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Hallmann A, Sumper M. An inducible arylsulfatase of Volvox carteri with properties suitable for a reporter-gene system. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 221:143-50. [PMID: 8168504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The multicellular green flagellate Volvox carteri synthesizes a periplasmic arylsulfatase in response to sulfur deprivation. The inducible enzyme has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. The corresponding gene and cDNA have been cloned. Determination of the sequence of genomic clones and comparisons to the cDNA sequence, revealed sixteen introns and seventeen exons that encode a 649-amino-acid polypeptide chain. Since the arylsulfatase enzyme is readily assayed using chromogenic substrates, but is not detectable in cells grown in sulfate-containing medium, the gene encoding arylsulfatase may be useful as a reporter gene in V. carteri. In addition, the highly regulated promoter of the arylsulfatase gene suggests its suitability as a tool for producing inducible expression vectors for cloned genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hallmann
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie I, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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Mengele R, Sumper M. Drastic differences in glycosylation of related S-layer glycoproteins from moderate and extreme halophiles. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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8
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Abstract
The aldohexose gulose was identified as a constituent of a hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptide derived from the glycoprotein SSG 185. This glycoprotein is part of the extracellular matrix of the green alga Volvox carteri. The gulose residue occupies a terminal position in the corresponding saccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mengele
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie I, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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Hayashi A, Nishimura Y, Matsubara T. Occurrence of ceramide digalactoside as the main glycosphingolipid in the marine sponge Halichondria japonica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1083:179-86. [PMID: 2036451 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90040-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The main glycosphingolipid of the sponge Halichondria japonica was isolated and its structure was determined to be ceramide digalactoside, Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta 1----1Cer, using FAB/MS, IR, 1H-NMR and chemical methods such as permethylation analysis and degradation techniques. The ceramide moiety was composed mainly of 4-hydroxy-iso-octadecasphinganine and 2-hydroxy-docosanoic acid. Interestingly, the branched long-chain bases were comprised of 70% total long-chain bases and 17.5% 4-hydroxy-anteiso-nonadecasphinganine. Ceramide monohexoside, consisting of galactosyl ceramide (81%) and glucosyl ceramide (19%), was also isolated as a minor component. The composition of the ceramide moiety was nearly the same as that of ceramide digalactoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
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Gangliosides from the starfishEvasterias echinosoma: identification of a disialoganglioside containing 8-O-methyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid andN-formylgalactosamine. Russ Chem Bull 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02499084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Ertl H, Mengele R, Wenzl S, Engel J, Sumper M. The extracellular matrix of Volvox carteri: molecular structure of the cellular compartment. J Cell Biol 1989; 109:3493-501. [PMID: 2689458 PMCID: PMC2115946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.109.6.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of Volvox contains insoluble fibrous layers that surround individual cells at a distance to form contiguous cellular compartments. Using immunological techniques, we identified a sulfated surface glycoprotein (SSG 185) as the monomeric precursor of this substructure within the ECM. The primary structure of the SSG 185 poly-peptide chain has been derived from cDNA and genomic DNA. A central domain of the protein, 80 amino acid residues long, consists almost exclusively of hydroxyproline residues. The chemical structure of the highly sulfated polysaccharide covalently attached to SSG 185 has been determined by permethylation analysis. As revealed by EM, SSG 185 is a rod-shaped molecule with a 21-nm-long polysaccharide strand protruding from its central region. The chemical nature of the cross-links between SSG 185 monomers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ertl
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie I, Universität Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Makar'eva TN, Denisenko VA, Svetashev VI, Vysotskii MV, Stonik VA. Cerebrosides of the Far Eastern sponge Hymeniacidon assimilis. Chem Nat Compd 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00598070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Holst O, Christoffel V, Fründ R, Moll H, Sumper M. A phosphodiester bridge between two arabinose residues as a structural element of an extracellular glycoprotein of Volvox carteri. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 181:345-50. [PMID: 2714288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sulphated glycoprotein SSG 185 is the monomeric precursor of a highly aggregated structural element in the extracellular matrix of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri. A phosphodiester of arabinose was isolated from a saccharide fragment of SSG 185. The structure of this phosphodiester was investigated by methylation analysis, 13C-NMR, photometric methods and enzymatic assays and identified as D-Araiota-5-phospho-5-D-Araiota. The function of this phosphodiester bridge as a crosslink of different carbohydrate chains in SSG 185 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Holst
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie I der Universität, Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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14
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Berdyshev EV. Composition of lipids, fatty acids, and aldehydes of the hydroid ?cross? medusa Conionemus vertens. Chem Nat Compd 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00597706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Secondary Metabolites from Echinoderms as Chemotaxonomic Markers. BIOORGANIC MARINE CHEMISTRY 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-48346-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Smirnova GP, Kochetkov NK, Sadovskaya VL. Gangliosides of the starfish Aphelasterias japonica, evidence for a new linkage between two N-glycolylneuraminic acid residues through the hydroxy group of the glycolic acid residue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 920:47-55. [PMID: 3593756 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(87)90309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and disialogangliosides containing glucose, galactose and sialic acids were isolated from the total lipid extract of hepatopancreas of the starfish Aphelasterias japonica. Their structures were elucidated by total and partial acid hydrolysis, trideuteriomethylation analysis, neuraminidase treatment, chromium trioxide oxidation, methanolysis and periodate oxidation. The monosialoganglioside was identified as 8-O-methyl-N-glycolylneuraminosyl-alpha-(2-3)-galactosyl-beta-(1- 4)-glucosyl-beta-(1-1)-ceramide. The disialoganglioside has the additional N-glycolylneuraminic acid or its 8-O-methyl derivative residue at the subterminal position to which the terminal sialic acid residue is linked through the hydroxy group of the glycolic acid unit. The long-chain bases were found to be mixtures of phytosphingosines with both branched and linear chains, and the fatty acids were shown to be mixtures of normal and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids, the latter amounted to about 90% of the fatty-acid mixtures. The composition of the lipid moieties of the gangliosides was determined by GLC and GLC-MS.
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20
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Biosynthesis of sulfated saccharides N-glycosidically linked to the protein via glucose. Purification and identification of sulfated dolichyl monophosphoryl tetrasaccharides from halobacteria. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)71178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Irwin LN. Phylogeny and ontogeny of vertebrate brain gangliosides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1984; 174:319-29. [PMID: 6741737 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1200-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides evolved relatively recently in the history of life, thus their contribution to fundamental cellular processes must be ancillary to or superimposed on preexisting mechanisms. Brain ganglioside patterns vary along taxonomic lines in a fairly conservative fashion, indicating that general ecophysiological factors have probably provided the major selective constraints. During brain development in birds and mammals, gangliosides pass through a transient stage of pattern complexity that may reflect their reptilian ancestry. While this ganglioside heterogeneity could provide positional information within the developing tissue, it might merely reflect a necessary but incidental transition to the handful of major gangliosides essential to mature brain function.
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Hori T, Sugita M, Ando S, Tsukada K, Shiota K, Tsuzuki M, Itasaka O. Isolation and characterization of a 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing glycosphingolipid from spermatozoa of a fresh water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gangliosides with sialic acid bound to N-acetylgalactosamine from hepatopancreas of the starfish, Evasterias retifera and Asterias amurensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(82)90294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Smirnova GP, Kochetkov NK. A novel sialoglycolipid from hepatopancreas of the starfish Patiria pectinifera. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 618:486-95. [PMID: 7397211 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An unusual sialoglycolipid containing D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose and N-acetylneuraminic acid was purified from the total lipid extract of hepatopancreas of the starfish Patiria pectinifera. The structure of the sialolipid was studied by total and partial acid hydrolysis, methanolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, chromium trioxide oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The oligosaccharide chain of the sialolipid is branched: N-acetylneuraminic acid is located in the inner part of the carbohydrate chain; the arabinose residues are in furanose forms and are located at the non-reducing ends of the carbohydrate chain. The long-chain bases are C16-, C17- and C18-phytospingosines with both branched and normal chains. Only alpha-hydroxy fatty acids are found, C22-, C23- and C24-alpha-hydroxy fatty acids represent approx. 95% of the total fatty acids.
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Sherbany AA, Ambron RT, Schwartz JH. Membrane glycolipids: regional synthesis and axonal transport in a single identified neuron of Aplysia californica. Science 1979; 203:78-80. [PMID: 83001 DOI: 10.1126/science.83001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids moving along an identified axon Aplysia californica were synthesized and incorporated into intracytoplasmic membranes solely in the perikaryon: direct injection of tritiated sugar into the axon revealed no local synthesis or exchange. There was no indication for transfer into axoplasm from glia. Insertion of glycolipids into nascent membranes occurs coordinately with insertion of protein components in the cell body.
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Kozhina VP, Terekhova TA, Svetashev VI. Lipid composition of gametes and embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius at early stages of development. Dev Biol 1978; 62:512-7. [PMID: 564307 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(78)90232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ledeen RW. Ganglioside structures and distribution: are they localized at the nerve ending? JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1978; 8:1-17. [PMID: 366282 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides generally provide a small portion of the complex carbohydrate content of cell surfaces. An exception is the central nervous system where they comprise up to 5--10% of the total lipid of some membranes. This tissue is unique in that the quantity of lipid-bound sialic acid exceeds that of the protein-bound fraction. Over 30 different molecular species have been characterized to date. These range in complexity from sialosylgalactosyl ceramide with 2 sugars to the pentasialoganglioside of fish brain with 9 carbohydrate units. Virtually all cellular and subcellular fractions of brain that have been carefully examined contain gangliosides to one degree or another, but the majority of brain ganglioside is located in the neurons. Their mode of distribution within the neuron has not been entirely clarified by subcellular studies. Calculations based on reported values for axon terminal density and synaptosomal ganglioside concentration in the rat reveal that nerve endings contribute less than 12% of total cerebral cortical ganglioside. It is concluded that the plasma membranes of neuronal processes contain most of the neuronal ganglioside. These and other considerations suggest the possibility that gangliosides may be distributed over the entire neuronal surface.
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Portoukalian J, Zwingelstein G, Doré JF, Bourgoin JJ. Studies of a ganglioside fraction extracted from human malignant melanoma. Biochimie 1976; 58:1285-7. [PMID: 827314 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(76)80130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kochetkov NK, Smirnova GP, Chekareva NV. Isolation and structural studies of a sulfated sialosphingolipid from the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 424:274-83. [PMID: 1252492 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(76)90195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three sialosphingolipids have been isolated from a lipid extract of gonads of the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum by partition dialysis and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The structure of the sialosphingolipid containing sulfate group has been established. On the basis of the results of total and partial acid hydrolysis, methanolysis, methylation, periodate oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis with neuraminidase the sulfated sialosphingolipid was identified as 8-sulfate-sialyl-alpha-(2 leads to 6)glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 1)ceramide. The long-chain bases were mainly phytosphingosine and its C16 homologue. The fatty acids of the sialosphingolipid were the mixture of normal and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids, their compositions were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography.
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Isay SV, Makarchenko MA, Vaskovsky VE. A study of glyceryl ethers--I. Content of alpha-glyceryl ethers in marine invertebrates from the Sea of Japan and tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 55:301-5. [PMID: 963986 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ferguson JC. Fatty acid and carbohydrate storage in the annual reproductive cyclice of Echinaster. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1975; 52:585-90. [PMID: 1177 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(75)80004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The glycosphingolipids have been found in many animal tissues, but the complexity of their molecular structure varies considerably among the different phyla. Relatively simple structures have been found in invertebrate species, while the most complex have been demonstrated in brain tissue of modern fishes and amphibians. The data on the phylogenetic distribution of the glycosphingolipids has been interpreted to indicate that a significant number of gene duplications, involving many different structural genes, may have occurred during a few specific periods of vertebrate evolution. The transition from invertebrate to jawless vertebrate, the divergence of rays and skates from true sharks, the advent of modern bony fishes and the transition from aquatic to terrestrial vertebrates, each could have veen accompained by duplications of genes involved in the synthesis and degradation of glycosphingolipids. The evolutionary study of such a multi-enzyme system may be one means to detect alterations in the genome as a whole. The apparent correspondence in time of these gene duplications involved in glycosphingolipid metabolism and periods of rapid vertebrate evolution which may have been accompanied by significant increases in the amount of cellular DNA suggests that such changes may have occurred via the mechanism of tetraploidization.
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Ishikawa H. Comparative studies on the thermal stability of animal ribosomal RNA's--III. Sponge (Porifera) and the other species (Tetrahymena and Lachnus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 51:81-5. [PMID: 237728 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yoshitaka N, Motonori H. Sialosphingolipids of sea urchin eggs and spermatozoa showing a characteristic composition for species and gamete. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(75)90070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schmitz FJ, McDonald FJ. Isolation and identification of cerebrosides from the marine sponge Chondrilla nucula. J Lipid Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kochetkov NK, Zhukova IG, Smirnova P, Glukhoded IS. Isolation and characterization of a sialoglycolipid from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 326:74-83. [PMID: 4356934 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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On the existence of cerebroside and cholesterol sulfate in tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(72)90300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Björkman LR, Karlsson KA, Pascher I, Samuelsson BE. The identification of large amounts of cerebroside and cholesterol sulfate in the sea star, Asterias rubens. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 270:260-5. [PMID: 4339380 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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