1
|
Berg C, Sieber M, Sun J. Finishing the egg. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad183. [PMID: 38000906 PMCID: PMC10763546 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamete development is a fundamental process that is highly conserved from early eukaryotes to mammals. As germ cells develop, they must coordinate a dynamic series of cellular processes that support growth, cell specification, patterning, the loading of maternal factors (RNAs, proteins, and nutrients), differentiation of structures to enable fertilization and ensure embryonic survival, and other processes that make a functional oocyte. To achieve these goals, germ cells integrate a complex milieu of environmental and developmental signals to produce fertilizable eggs. Over the past 50 years, Drosophila oogenesis has risen to the forefront as a system to interrogate the sophisticated mechanisms that drive oocyte development. Studies in Drosophila have defined mechanisms in germ cells that control meiosis, protect genome integrity, facilitate mRNA trafficking, and support the maternal loading of nutrients. Work in this system has provided key insights into the mechanisms that establish egg chamber polarity and patterning as well as the mechanisms that drive ovulation and egg activation. Using the power of Drosophila genetics, the field has begun to define the molecular mechanisms that coordinate environmental stresses and nutrient availability with oocyte development. Importantly, the majority of these reproductive mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, and many play critical roles in the development of somatic tissues as well. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress in several key areas that impact egg chamber development and ovulation. First, we discuss the mechanisms that drive nutrient storage and trafficking during oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis. Second, we examine the processes that regulate follicle cell patterning and how that patterning impacts the construction of the egg shell and the establishment of embryonic polarity. Finally, we examine regulatory factors that control ovulation, egg activation, and successful fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Berg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5065 USA
| | - Matthew Sieber
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kheirallah DAM, El-Samad LM, Mokhamer EHM, Abdul-Aziz KK, Toto NAH. DNA damage and oogenesis anomalies in Pimelia latreillei (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) induced by heavy metals soil pollution. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 35:688-702. [PMID: 31818244 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719893200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study used Pimelia latreillei as a biomonitoring insect for heavy metals soil pollution in a populated industrial area at Zawya Abd El-Qader, Alexandria, Egypt. Comet assay and histological analysis were applied to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals. X-ray analysis of the soil samples collected from the polluted site revealed significantly increased metal percentages compared with the reference site. Moreover, a significant increase in metal percentages was detected by the X-ray analysis in insect ovaries collected from the polluted site. The Tail DNA length was significantly greater in the insects collected from the polluted site-47.6% compared with 11.4% at the reference site. Pronounced disruptions in oogenesis were observed through histological and ultrastructure investigations in insects collected from the polluted site. The study summarized the potential utility of insect biomonitors in predicting the effect of heavy metals soil pollution on occupational health.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vimal D, Kumar S, Pandey A, Sharma D, Saini S, Gupta S, Ravi Ram K, Chowdhuri DK. Mlh1 is required for female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster: An outcome of effects on meiotic crossing over, ovarian follicles and egg activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
4
|
Andersen D, Horne-Badovinac S. Influence of ovarian muscle contraction and oocyte growth on egg chamber elongation in Drosophila. Development 2016; 143:1375-87. [PMID: 26952985 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organs are formed from multiple cell types that make distinct contributions to their shape. The Drosophila egg chamber provides a tractable model to dissect such contributions during morphogenesis. Egg chambers consist of 16 germ cells (GCs) surrounded by a somatic epithelium. Initially spherical, these structures elongate as they mature. This morphogenesis is thought to occur through a 'molecular corset' mechanism, whereby structural elements within the epithelium become circumferentially organized perpendicular to the elongation axis and resist the expansive growth of the GCs to promote elongation. Whether this epithelial organization provides the hypothesized constraining force has been difficult to discern, however, and a role for GC growth has not been demonstrated. Here, we provide evidence for this mechanism by altering the contractile activity of the tubular muscle sheath that surrounds developing egg chambers. Muscle hypo-contraction indirectly reduces GC growth and shortens the egg, which demonstrates the necessity of GC growth for elongation. Conversely, muscle hyper-contraction enhances the elongation program. Although this is an abnormal function for this muscle, this observation suggests that a corset-like force from the egg chamber's exterior could promote its lengthening. These findings highlight how physical contributions from several cell types are integrated to shape an organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Andersen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uytterhoeven V, Lauwers E, Maes I, Miskiewicz K, Melo MN, Swerts J, Kuenen S, Wittocx R, Corthout N, Marrink SJ, Munck S, Verstreken P. Hsc70-4 Deforms Membranes to Promote Synaptic Protein Turnover by Endosomal Microautophagy. Neuron 2016; 88:735-48. [PMID: 26590345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are often far from their cell bodies and must largely independently cope with dysfunctional proteins resulting from synaptic activity and stress. To identify membrane-associated machines that can engulf synaptic targets destined for degradation, we performed a large-scale in vitro liposome-based screen followed by functional studies. We identified a presynaptically enriched chaperone Hsc70-4 that bends membranes based on its ability to oligomerize. This activity promotes endosomal microautophagy and the turnover of specific synaptic proteins. Loss of microautophagy slows down neurotransmission while gain of microautophagy increases neurotransmission. Interestingly, Sgt, a cochaperone of Hsc70-4, is able to switch the activity of Hsc70-4 from synaptic endosomal microautophagy toward chaperone activity. Hence, Hsc70-4 controls rejuvenation of the synaptic protein pool in a dual way: either by refolding proteins together with Sgt, or by targeting them for degradation by facilitating endosomal microautophagy based on its membrane deforming activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Uytterhoeven
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elsa Lauwers
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ine Maes
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Miskiewicz
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel N Melo
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Swerts
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Kuenen
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafaël Wittocx
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB Bio-Imaging Core Facility, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siewert-Jan Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB Bio-Imaging Core Facility, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (LIND), Laboratory of Neuronal Communication, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park Y, Zhang Z, Linhardt RJ, LeMosy EK. Distinct heparan sulfate compositions in wild-type and pipe-mutant eggshell matrix. Fly (Austin) 2008; 2:175-9. [PMID: 18719407 DOI: 10.4161/fly.6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial information embedded in the extracellular matrix establishes the dorsoventral polarity of the Drosophila embryo through the ventral activity of a serine protease cascade. Pipe is a Golgi-localized protein responsible for generating this spatial information during oogenesis through sulfation of unknown glycans. Although Pipe has sequence homology to glycosaminoglycan 2-O-sulfotransferases, its activity and authentic substrates have not been demonstrated and genetic evidence has argued against a role for glycosaminoglycans in dorsoventral polarity establishment. Here, direct examination of matrix glycosaminoglycans demonstrates that pipe-mutant matrix shows decreased tri-sulfated heparan sulfate compared to wild-type matrix, with correspondingly increased 2-O-sulfated heparan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate was not detected in this matrix. These results suggest that Pipe promotes 6-O- and/or N-sulfation of heparan sulfate but is not required for heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfation. We discuss the possible significance of these unexpected findings and how they might be reconciled with the genetic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youmie Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gruntenko NE, Bownes M, Terashima J, Sukhanova MZ, Raushenbach IY. Heat stress affects oogenesis differently in wild-type Drosophila virilis and a mutant with altered juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone levels. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 12:393-404. [PMID: 12864919 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The link between reproduction and environmental signals is poorly understood at the physiological, genetic and molecular levels. We describe a mutant strain of Drosophila virilis that has altered responses to heat stress. Heat stress in wild-type females results in oocyte maturation delays, degradation of early vitellogenic egg chambers, inhibition of yolk protein gene expression in follicle cells and accumulation of mature oocytes. The mutant females have increased levels of ecdysteroids and decreased juvenile hormone degradation, and show all of the heat-stress-induced reproductive effects observed in wild-type flies, without exposure to heat stress. During oogenesis in mutant females following heat stress there is an increase in early vitellogenic oocyte degradation and some degradation of late egg chambers. 20-Hydroxyecdysone levels, but not juvenile hormone degradation, change following heat stress in mutant females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N E Gruntenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papassideri IS, Trougakos IP, Leonard KR, Margaritis LH. Structural and biochemical analysis of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera; Chrysomeloidea) crystalline chorionic layer. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 49:377-384. [PMID: 12769991 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(03)00022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The developmental aspects of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata crystalline chorionic layer (CCL) morphogenesis, its composition and its supramolecular structure were studied. The mature Leptinotarsa decemlineata eggshell consists of the vitelline membrane and the CCL, while the follicle cell remnants following their degeneration after oogenesis completion constitute the outer chorionic layer. The vitelline membrane and the CCL layers are formed through continuous material deposition from the follicular epithelium, whereas the main morphogenic factor during most insect eggshell formation, namely the follicle cell and oocyte microvilli, are seemingly involved only in vitelline membrane formation. Analysis of the CCL morphogenesis showed that this layer is assembled from a fiber-like pre-crystalline material, which accumulates at the vitelline membrane-follicle cell interface. The mature CCL is about 1 microm thick and exhibits a periodicity of approximately 10 nm, while computer image analysis studies of thin-sectioned CCL revealed the existence of crystalline layers parallel to the CCL surface. Finally, SDS-PAGE-electrophoresis of purified CCLs showed that this crystalline layer is of a proteinaceous nature and is most likely composed of 3-5 polypeptides with a molecular weight ranging in between 28-60 kDa. Overall, these data exemplify for the first time the nature and supramolecular arrangement of a crystalline layer and its constituent molecules in Coleoptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Kouponia, 15782 Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carlson KA, Nusbaum TJ, Rose MR, Harshman LG. Oocyte maturation and ovariole number in lines ofDrosophila melanogasterselected for postponed senescence. Funct Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Trougakos IP, Papassideri IS, Waring GL, Margaritis LH. Differential sorting of constitutively co-secreted proteins in the ovarian follicle cells of Drosophila. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:271-84. [PMID: 11370742 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, immuno-electron microscopy of ovarian cryosections and confocal immunofluorescence were used to analyze the ovarian distribution of the major protein classes being secreted by the follicle cells during the vitellogenic and choriogenic stages of Drosophila oogenesis. Our results clearly demonstrated that at vitellogenic stages the follicle cells co-secrete constitutively vitelline membrane and yolk proteins that are either sorted into distinct secretory vesicles or they are segregated in different parts of bipartite vesicles by differential condensation. Following their exocytosis only the vitelline membrane proteins are incorporated into the forming vitelline membrane. The yolk proteins (along with their hemolymph circulating counterparts) diffuse through gaps amongst the incomplete vitelline membrane and are internalized through endocytosis by the oocyte where they are finally stored into modified lysosomes referred to as alpha-yolk granules. The unexpected immunolocalization of vitelline membrane antigens in the associated body of the alpha-yolk granules may indicate that this structure is a transient repository for the proteins being internalized into the oocyte along with the yolk proteins. In the early choriogenic follicle cells the vitelline membrane and early chorion proteins were found to be co-secreted and to be evenly intermixed into the same secretory vesicles. These findings illuminate new details concerning the follicle cells secretory and oocyte endocytic pathways and provide for the first time evidence for condensation-mediated sorting of constitutively secreted proteins in Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Athens University, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
TRAN PHUV, PETTUS JANETTE, NAGOSHI RODN. Poached egg, a gene required in the soma to maintain germ cell viability inDrosophilafemales. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2001.9652464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Cohen J. Phosphorylation polymorphism in the yolk protein 2 of Drosophila hawaiiensis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 44:175-187. [PMID: 12769890 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(97)00071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An intraspecific polymorphism in the electrophoretic migration pattern of the yolk proteins in D. hawaiiensis was established and characterized. The polymorphism includes yolk protein migration patterns of two, three, or four bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Peptide mapping analysis demonstrates that in the two band migration pattern YP2 comigrates with YP3, whereas in the three and four band migration patterns YP2 migrates between YP1 and YP3 in addition to comigrating with YP3. It further demonstrates that the top two bands of the four band migration pattern consists of YP1. Phosphatase treatment of the yolk proteins establishes that the different electrophoretic migration patterns of YP2 are caused by different degrees of phosphorylation. It is suggested that the YP1 polymorphism is caused by a yp1 gene modification and that the YP2 polymorphism is caused by two different post-translational processing paths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York NY, 10003, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bownes M. The regulation of the yolk protein genes, a family of sex differentiation genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Bioessays 1994; 16:745-52. [PMID: 7980478 DOI: 10.1002/bies.950161009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There are many obvious morphological and behavioural differences between male and female Drosophila, whose differing phenotypes are produced by a hierarchy of sex determination genes. These genes have been well characterised at the genetic and molecular level. Similarly, a number of sex-specific differentiation genes have been characterised, such as the chorion and vitelline membrane genes in females and the sex peptide and other accessory gland proteins in males. Despite the depth of these parallel studies, there is only one example of a direct link between the sex determination pathway and the downstream sex differentiation genes, namely the regulation of the female-specific yolk protein genes. The yolk proteins are synthesised in the fat body and ovarian follicle cells of the adult female and are subsequently transported to the oocyte where they are stored for utilization during embryogenesis. The expression of the yolk protein genes is not entirely controlled by the sex determination hierarchy, as several different regulatory pathways must interact to direct their correct sexual, temporal and spatial regulation during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bownes
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zimowska G, Shirk PD, Silhacek DL, Shaaya E. Yolk sphere formation is initiated in oocytes before development of patency in follicles of the moth,Plodia interpunctella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994; 203:215-226. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00636337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/1993] [Accepted: 07/08/1993] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Bownes M, Ronaldson E, Mauchline D, Martinez A. Regulation of vitellogenesis in Drosophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(93)90019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|