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Zhang Z, Kang J, Li X, Li P, Du Y, Qin Y, Li N, Li J. The Effects of Acid and Water in the Formation of Anodic Alumina: DFT and Experiment Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062427. [PMID: 36985399 PMCID: PMC10052643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The DFT method is employed to study the adsorption and reaction behaviors of HC2O4−, H2PO4−, HSO4− and H2O on neutral and anodic aluminum slabs. With the exception of adsorption, the three acid radicals can successively take the two H atoms from the adsorbed H2O on the anodic aluminum slabs, which is the key step of the formation of anodic alumina. The dehydrogenation reaction is dominated by the Coulombic interaction of O and H, respectively belonging to acid radicals and the adsorbed H2O or OH, rather than by the interaction of electronic orbits located on the two kinds of atoms. The experiment of anodic polarization of aluminum verifies the calculation result well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Zhang
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jin Kang
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Ping Li
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yali Du
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yufan Qin
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Ningyi Li
- High Value Fine Chemicals Research Center, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jiebin Li
- Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, China
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Xing J, Lu S, Zhang C, Yin M, Li D, Song Y. Determination of the field strength and realization of the high-field anodization of aluminum. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21696-21706. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03321d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electric field strength during aluminum anodization was clarified, and this work can shed some light on the self-ordering mechanism of porous anodic alumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
| | - Sitong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
| | - Min Yin
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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Mirzoev R, Davydov A, Kurmyalevskaya D, Bazylyk A, Vystupov S. CONDITIONS FOR TRANSITION FROM BARRIER TO POROUS OXIDATION OF ALUMINUM IN PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTIONS. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fang JH, Spizzirri P, Cimmino A, Rubanov S, Prawer S. Extremely high aspect ratio alumina transmission nanomasks: their fabrication and characterization using electron microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:065706. [PMID: 19417400 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/6/065706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Free standing, nanoporous alumina templates were fabricated as transmission masks from aluminium using a two-step anodization process followed by acid etching. The resulting membrane comprises self-ordered, periodic arrays of non-connecting circular channels which can be prepared with pore diameters <100 nm and with minimal occlusion. Aspect ratios greater than 300:1 were measured directly using electron transmission and the channels were shown to be highly aligned (angular) over membrane thicknesses of tens of microns. Also evident is some local order associated with both azimuthal and angular domain structure giving rise to local channel tilt which has not previously been reported. Transmission electron microscopy has been shown to be an important characterization tool for these nanomasks as the channels are transparent to electrons, providing a means of directly measuring their thickness and aspect ratio. Expressions for determining their thickness and aspect ratio are also presented and evaluated in this work. These membranes are well suited for use as nanotemplates in transmission lithography applications including ion implantation and ion or electron beam collimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Fang
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Cocke DL, Johnson ED, Merrill RP. Planar Models for Alumina-Based Catalysts. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01614948408078064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Thompson GE, Xu Y, Skeldon P, Shimizu K, Han SH, Wood GC. Anodic oxidation of aluminium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642818708218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. E. Thompson
- a Corrosion and Protection Centre , University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology , Manchester , M60 1QD , England
| | - Y. Xu
- a Corrosion and Protection Centre , University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology , Manchester , M60 1QD , England
| | - P. Skeldon
- a Corrosion and Protection Centre , University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology , Manchester , M60 1QD , England
| | - K. Shimizu
- a Corrosion and Protection Centre , University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology , Manchester , M60 1QD , England
| | - S. H. Han
- a Corrosion and Protection Centre , University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology , Manchester , M60 1QD , England
| | - G. C. Wood
- a Corrosion and Protection Centre , University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology , Manchester , M60 1QD , England
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7
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Development of a theory for the determination of the composition of the anodizing solution inside the pores during the growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on aluminium by a transport phenomenon analysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Patermarakis G. Transport phenomena inside the pores involved in the kinetics and mechanism of growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on aluminium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Patermarakis G. Transformation of the overall strict kinetic model governing the growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on aluminium to a form applicable to the non-stirred bath film growth. Electrochim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(96)83778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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The mechanism of growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on aluminium at high film thicknesses. Electrochim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00250-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mardilovich PP, Govyadinov AN, Mukhurov NI, Rzhevskii AM, Paterson R. New and modified anodic alumina membranes Part I. Thermotreatment of anodic alumina membranes. J Memb Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Patermarakis G, Tzouvelekis D. Development of a strict kinetic model for the growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on aluminium. Electrochim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(94)00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Patermarakis G, Papandreadis N. Study on the kinetics of growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on Al metal. Electrochim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(93)80119-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Patermarakis G, Kerassovitou P. Study on the mechanism of oxide hydration and oxide pore closure during hydrothermal treatment of porous anodic Al2O3 films. Electrochim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(92)80021-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Patermarakis G, Lenas P, Karavassilis C, Papayiannis G. Kinetics of growth of porous anodic Al2O3 films on A1 metal. Electrochim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(91)85162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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