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Developmental trajectory of transmission speed in the human brain. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:537-541. [PMID: 36894655 PMCID: PMC10076215 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the human connectome develops from childhood throughout adolescence to middle age, but how these structural changes affect the speed of neuronal signaling is not well described. In 74 subjects, we measured the latency of cortico-cortical evoked responses across association and U-fibers and calculated their corresponding transmission speeds. Decreases in conduction delays until at least 30 years show that the speed of neuronal communication develops well into adulthood.
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Price D, Tyler LK, Neto Henriques R, Campbell KL, Williams N, Treder M, Taylor JR, Henson RNA. Age-related delay in visual and auditory evoked responses is mediated by white- and grey-matter differences. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15671. [PMID: 28598417 PMCID: PMC5472747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowing is a common feature of ageing, yet a direct relationship between neural slowing and brain atrophy is yet to be established in healthy humans. We combine magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measures of neural processing speed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of white and grey matter in a large population-derived cohort to investigate the relationship between age-related structural differences and visual evoked field (VEF) and auditory evoked field (AEF) delay across two different tasks. Here we use a novel technique to show that VEFs exhibit a constant delay, whereas AEFs exhibit delay that accumulates over time. White-matter (WM) microstructure in the optic radiation partially mediates visual delay, suggesting increased transmission time, whereas grey matter (GM) in auditory cortex partially mediates auditory delay, suggesting less efficient local processing. Our results demonstrate that age has dissociable effects on neural processing speed, and that these effects relate to different types of brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Price
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - L. K. Tyler
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - R. Neto Henriques
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - K. L. Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Harvard, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N. Williams
- Neuroscience Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - M.S. Treder
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - J. R. Taylor
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R. N. A. Henson
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
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The Development and Aging of the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Visual Pathways as Indicated by VEP Recordings between 5 and 84 Years of Age. Vision (Basel) 2016; 1:vision1010007. [PMID: 31740632 PMCID: PMC6849023 DOI: 10.3390/vision1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are age-sensitive. Through the use of this technique, it is possible to assess both of the major visual pathways (i.e., the magnocellular and parvocellular ones) in terms of function and development. What developmental path these pathways follow, and if they develop/age in parallel across the human lifespan is a matter of ongoing debate, yet, only a few VEP studies have dealt with this issue. This cross-sectional study examined a sample of 115 healthy volunteers aged 5 to 84 years. Beyond the standard checkerboard pattern reversal stimulation at 97% contrast, we recorded pattern-reversal VEPs at 6% contrast to selectively stimulate the M pathway and isoluminant red and green checkerboard stimulation was also used to selectively stimulate the P pathway. Our results do not support the developmental advantage of any of the pathways. The development of both pathways appear to take a remarkably long time (well into the 30s), and the signs of aging become marked over 50 years of age, especially in the case of the magnocellular pathway.
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Alonso-Prieto E, Oruç I, Rubino C, Zhu M, Handy T, Barton JJS. Interactions between the perception of age and ethnicity in faces: an event-related potential study. Cogn Neuropsychol 2015. [PMID: 26226051 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2015.1061981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Face perception models propose that different facial attributes are processed by anatomically distinct neural pathways that partially overlap. Whether these attributes interact functionally is an open question. Our goal was to determine if there are interactions between age and ethnicity processing and, if so, at what temporal epoch these interactions are evident. We monitored event-related potentials on electroencephalography while subjects categorized faces by age or ethnicity in two conditions: a baseline in which the other of these two properties not being categorized was held constant and an interference condition in which it also varied, as modelled after the Garner interference paradigm. We found that, when participants were categorizing faces by age, variations in ethnicity increased the amplitude of the right face-selective N170 component. When subjects were categorizing faces by ethnicity, variations in age did not alter the N170. We concluded that there is an asymmetric pattern of influence between age and ethnicity on early face-specific stages of visual processing, which has parallels with behavioural evidence of asymmetric interactions between identity and expression processing of faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Alonso-Prieto
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology) , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,b Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory , VGH Eye Care Centre , third floor, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver , BC V5Z-3N9 , Canada.,c Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Ipek Oruç
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology) , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,c Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Cristina Rubino
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology) , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,c Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Maria Zhu
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology) , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,c Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Todd Handy
- d Department of Psychology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Jason J S Barton
- a Department of Medicine (Neurology) , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,c Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.,d Department of Psychology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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Alonso-Prieto E, Pancaroglu R, Dalrymple KA, Handy T, Barton JJS, Oruc I. Temporal dynamics of the face familiarity effect: bootstrap analysis of single-subject event-related potential data. Cogn Neuropsychol 2015; 32:266-82. [DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2015.1053852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shearer DE, Dustman RE. The Pattern Reversal Evoked Potential: The Need for Laboratory Norms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00029238.1980.11080024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Shearer
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Neuropsychology Laboratories (151A), and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148
| | - Robert E. Dustman
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Neuropsychology Laboratories (151A), and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148
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Subramanian SK, Gaur GS, Narayan SK. Low luminance/eyes closed and monochromatic stimulations reduce variability of flash visual evoked potential latency. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013; 16:614-8. [PMID: 24339591 PMCID: PMC3841612 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Visual evoked potentials are useful in investigating the physiology and pathophysiology of the human visual system. Flash visual evoked potential (FVEP), though technically easier, has less clinical utility because it shows great variations in both latency and amplitude for normal subjects. AIM To study the effect of eye closure, low luminance, and monochromatic stimulation on the variability of FVEPs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects in self-reported good health in the age group of 18-30 years were divided into three groups. All participants underwent FVEP recording with eyes open and with white light at 0.6 J luminance (standard technique). Next recording was done in group 1 with closed eyes, group 2 with 1.2 and 20 J luminance, and group 3 with red and blue lights, while keeping all the other parameters constant. Two trials were given for each eye, for each technique. The same procedure was repeated at the same clock time on the following day. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Variation in FVEP latencies between the individuals (interindividual variability) and the variations within the same individual for four trials (intraindividual variability) were assessed using coefficient of variance (COV). The technique with lower COV was considered the better method. RESULTS Recording done with closed eyes, 0.6 J luminance, and monochromatic light (blue > red) showed lower interindividual and intraindividual variability in P2 and N2 as compared to standard techniques. CONCLUSIONS Low luminance flash stimulations and monochromatic light will reduce FVEP latency variability and may be clinically useful modifications of FVEP recording technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Subramanian
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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Bieniek MM, Frei LS, Rousselet GA. Early ERPs to faces: aging, luminance, and individual differences. Front Psychol 2013; 4:268. [PMID: 23717297 PMCID: PMC3653118 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Rousselet et al. reported a 1 ms/year delay in visual processing speed in a sample of healthy aged 62 subjects (Frontiers in Psychology 2010, 1:19). Here, we replicate this finding in an independent sample of 59 subjects and investigate the contribution of optical factors (pupil size and luminance) to the age-related slowdown and to individual differences in visual processing speed. We conducted two experiments. In experiment 1 we recorded EEG from subjects aged 18–79. Subjects viewed images of faces and phase scrambled noise textures under nine luminance conditions, ranging from 0.59 to 60.8 cd/m2. We manipulated luminance using neutral density filters. In experiment 2, 10 young subjects (age < 35) viewed similar stimuli through pinholes ranging from 1 to 5 mm. In both experiments, subjects were tested twice. We found a 1 ms/year slowdown in visual processing that was independent of luminance. Aging effects became visible around 125 ms post-stimulus and did not affect the onsets of the face-texture ERP differences. Furthermore, luminance modulated the entire ERP time-course from 60 to 500 ms. Luminance effects peaked in the N170 time window and were independent of age. Importantly, senile miosis and individual differences in pupil size did not account for aging differences and inter-subject variability in processing speed. The pinhole manipulation also failed to match the ERPs of old subjects to those of young subjects. Overall, our results strongly suggest that early ERPs to faces (<200 ms) are delayed by aging and that these delays are of cortical, rather than optical origin. Our results also demonstrate that even late ERPs to faces are modulated by low-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Bieniek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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Rousselet GA, Gaspar CM, Pernet CR, Husk JS, Bennett PJ, Sekuler AB. Healthy aging delays scalp EEG sensitivity to noise in a face discrimination task. Front Psychol 2010; 1:19. [PMID: 21833194 PMCID: PMC3153743 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a single-trial ERP approach to quantify age-related changes in the time-course of noise sensitivity. A total of 62 healthy adults, aged between 19 and 98, performed a non-speeded discrimination task between two faces. Stimulus information was controlled by parametrically manipulating the phase spectrum of these faces. Behavioral 75% correct thresholds increased with age. This result may be explained by lower signal-to-noise ratios in older brains. ERP from each subject were entered into a single-trial general linear regression model to identify variations in neural activity statistically associated with changes in image structure. The fit of the model, indexed by R2, was computed at multiple post-stimulus time points. The time-course of the R2 function showed significantly delayed noise sensitivity in older observers. This age effect is reliable, as demonstrated by test–retest in 24 subjects, and started about 120 ms after stimulus onset. Our analyses suggest also a qualitative change from a young to an older pattern of brain activity at around 47 ± 4 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume A Rousselet
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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Human visual system automatically represents large-scale sequential regularities. Brain Res 2010; 1317:165-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gao L, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhao L, Harel A, Bentin S. Aging effects on early-stage face perception: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:970-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bemelmans NM, Cuypers M, Pinckers AL, Hommes OR. Clinical Research: Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked Potentials: Influence of age, Gender and Check Size in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroophthalmology 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01658109509009647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Carroll WM, Halliday AM, Kriss A. Improvements in the accuracy of pattern visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of visual pathway disease*. Neuroophthalmology 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01658108209009705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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The Relationship of Physical Activity History to Pattern-Reversal Evoked-Potential Components in Young and Older Men and Women. J Aging Phys Act 2003. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.11.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes of pattern-reversal evoked-potential (PREP) components of active and inactive community-dwelling healthy 61- to 77-year-olds were compared with those of active and inactive 18- to 31-year-olds to determine whether long-term physical activity involvement was associated with attenuation of age-related changes in sensory processes. Binocular PREPs were derived for each of 2 check sizes (22 × 15 ft and 41 × 30 ft of visual angle) to provide increasing challenge of spatial resolution. Analyses of the latencies revealed significant effects for age, gender, and check size such that latencies were longer for older than for young participants, men than for women, and small than for larger check sizes. Amplitudes were larger in older adults for the P100-N150 peak-to-peak difference, but physical activity history was not associated with reduction of the observed age-related increases in component latencies and amplitude. As such, physical activity does not appear to attenuate age-related decline in visual sensory processing.
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Brecelj J, Strucl M, Zidar I, Tekavcic-Pompe M. Pattern ERG and VEP maturation in schoolchildren. Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 113:1764-70. [PMID: 12417229 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maturation of the visual system has been studied with pattern electroretinograms (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) mostly in children under the age of 6 years. To address the question of maturation of the visual system in childhood and adolescence we investigated age-dependent PERG and PVEP changes in children aged 7-18 years. METHODS PERG were recorded with skin electrodes attached to the lower eyelid, and PVEP were recorded with 5 electrodes. Visual stimuli, consisting of pattern-reversal 50' checks to full-field and to half-field stimulation, were applied to obtain macular (N70, P100, N145) and paramacular waves (P80, N105, N135). RESULTS We found an age-dependent decrease (linear regression P<0.05) of PERG P50 amplitude and full-field PVEP P100 latency to monocular right and left eye stimulation, indicating central retinal and postretinal changes. In addition, waveform changes were found in responses to half-field stimulation. The paramacular wave N105 was typically enhanced in younger schoolchildren and diminished with age. The age-dependent decrease (linear regression P<0.01) of paramacular N105 amplitude indicated the increasing predominance of the macular structures of the visual system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that central retinal and postretinal electrophysiological maturation persists throughout childhood. Age-dependent PVEP changes seem to correlate with the morphological and metabolic findings that maturation of the visual cortex continues until puberty and even later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelka Brecelj
- Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre, Zaloska c. 29a, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Nakamura A, Yamada T, Abe Y, Nakamura K, Sato N, Horibe K, Kato T, Kachi T, Ito K. Age-related changes in brain neuromagnetic responses to face perception in humans. Neurosci Lett 2001; 312:13-6. [PMID: 11578834 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of ageing on face perception, we studied the magnetic responses to face images in 15 young (19-38 years) and 10 elderly (51-81 years) subjects. Face-specific responses (160mF), which originate in the inferior occipitotemporal cortices, and face non-specific responses (100m), which originate in the primary visual cortices, were evoked in all subjects. Averaged peak latency of the 160mF in the elderly group (174.0+/-9.1 ms) was significantly longer (P<0.0005) than that in the young group (161.5+/-5.1 ms), while no inter-group difference was found in the 100m latency. There was a significant correlation between age and 160mF latency (+0.35 ms/year, R=0.747) suggesting age-related decline of face perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakamura
- Department of Biofunctional Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, 36-3 Gengo, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.
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Onofrj M, Thomas A, Iacono D, D'Andreamatteo G, Paci C. Age-related changes of evoked potentials. Neurophysiol Clin 2001; 31:83-103. [PMID: 11433676 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(01)00248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyse the current state of our knowledge on evoked potentials (EPs) in ageing and to report some conclusions on the relation between EPs and elder age. Evoked potentials provide a measure of the function of sensory systems that change during the different stages of life. Each sensory system has its own time of maturation. The individuation of the exact period of life when brain ageing starts is difficult to define. Normally, the amplitude of EPs decreases, and their latency increases from adult to elder life. Many authors speculate that these modifications might depend on neuronal loss, changes in cell membrane, composition or senile plaques present in older patients, but there is no evidence that these changes might modify the cerebral function in healthy aged individuals. This review emphasises some incongruities present in different studies confirmed by daily neurophysiologic practice. Different techniques as event-related desynchronization (ERD), contingent negative variation (CNV) and Bereitschaftspotential, are available to study central neuronal changes in normal and pathologic ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Onofrj
- Department of Oncology and Neuroscience, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Hoffmann K, Leistritz L, Feucht M, Benninger F, Reiter D, Witte H. Identification of the stimulated hemiretina in primary school children and adults based on left and right hemifield pattern reversal visual evoked potentials--a comparative study. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:359-68. [PMID: 11165542 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The analysis of left and right hemifield pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) in children and the identification of the stimulated hemiretina testing different identification procedures previously applied to adults. METHODS Lateral hemifield PVEPs were recorded in 40 children (6-11 years) and 27 adults (25-40 years) from, at least, 19 standard electrodes. Two procedures were tested for the determination of the stimulated hemifield: firstly, the evaluation of the values of instantaneous frequency at the occipital electrodes at P100 latency (determined by the global field power), and secondly, the application of a generalised dynamic neural network (GDNN) using the PVEP time course at selected electrode positions as the external input. RESULTS P100 latency as well as P100 amplitude over the contralateral occiput in children were significantly greater than in adults. Contrary to the behaviour in adults, instantaneous frequency is not a robust identifier of left and right hemiretina stimulation in children. The best identification performances were achieved when using group trained GDNNs with the bipolar difference signals of electrodes P3/P4 or T5/T6 as the external input. CONCLUSIONS The PVEPs at electrodes P3/P4 and T5/T6 contain essential information for the determination of the stimulated hemifield. This should be further considered during the development of on-line procedures for automatic PVEP detection in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Tumas V, Sakamoto C. Comparison of the mechanisms of latency shift in pattern reversal visual evoked potential induced by blurring and contrast reduction. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1997; 104:96-100. [PMID: 9076259 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-5597(96)96123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of visual acuity or of the contrast of the stimulus induces a prolongation of the pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PR-VEP) latencies, perhaps because these conditions cause deterioration of the visual capacity to recognize objects and may preferentially activate the slower central retina channel. The PR-VEP was obtained with a video stimulator and 3 kinds of stimuli: total video field, video with a central scotoma and a restricted central stimulus. The subjects were tested under conditions of normal (20/20) and reduced visual acuity (20/200) with 14' and 56' checks and 60% contrast, and under conditions of normal visual acuity (20/20) with 14' checks and with stimulus contrast of 60% and 25%. Blurring increased latencies and decreased amplitudes only with the 14' checks stimulus but no with 56' checks, and the amplitudes obtained with the central stimulus became greater than those obtained with a central scotoma. Reducing contrast increased only latency, and there was not difference between amplitudes obtained with a central stimulus or a central scotoma. We conclude that blurring small checks induces a preferential stimulation of receptors in the central retina, but the same effect was not observed when stimulus contrast was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tumas
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Brazil
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Bemelmans NA, Tilanus MA, Cuypers MH, Pinckers AJ. Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in patients with epiretinal membrane. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 123:97-102. [PMID: 9186103 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the extent of pattern-reversal visual evoked potential parameter alteration by epiretinal membranes and to investigate the use of pattern-reversal visual evoked potential in the estimation of macular function in eyes with epiretinal membrane and in the fellow eyes. METHODS In both eyes of 162 patients with epiretinal membrane, 92 of primary and 70 of secondary origin, pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials were recorded. Check sizes of 17', 10', and 7' (minutes of arc) were used. Parameters investigated were N80 and P100 latencies and P100 amplitude. RESULTS No significant difference was detected between eyes with epiretinal membrane of primary and secondary origin regarding visual acuity and the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential parameters for the different check sizes. Compared with the fellow eyes, the eyes with epiretinal membrane had a significantly reduced visual acuity, prolonged N80 and P100 latencies, and a reduced P100 amplitude for the different check sizes. Compared with a separate control group (N = 20) with patients 50 to 59 years old, eyes with epiretinal membrane (N = 9) showed the same features as in the total group, but only for the 17' and 10' check sizes. The fellow eyes (N = 9) showed a significant reduction of the P100 amplitude (P < .05) for the pattern sizes of 17' and 10', but no difference in visual acuity or pattern-reversal visual evoked potential latency was found. CONCLUSIONS In eyes with epiretinal membrane, pattern-reversal visual evoked potential latencies are prolonged, and amplitude is reduced. Relationships between clinical parameters and pattern-reversal visual evoked potential parameters require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Bemelmans
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Emmerson-Hanover R, Shearer DE, Creel DJ, Dustman RE. Pattern reversal evoked potentials: gender differences and age-related changes in amplitude and latency. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1994; 92:93-101. [PMID: 7511515 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(94)90049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This report is intended to complement the current body of literature by describing pattern reversal evoked potential (PREP) component amplitudes and latencies in a larger sample than has been previously studied and providing comparisons of males and females across the lifespan. Binocular PREPs were measured from 406 normal subjects, 6-80 years of age. In general, latencies were found to decrease during maturation, stabilize across early adulthood, then begin to increase sometime after the late 20s. There were minimal gender differences in latencies during development but males tended to have longer latencies than females during adulthood. Across the lifespan, amplitudes were larger for females. Results of regression analyses using the entire data set were compared to results of separate regression analyses for developmental years (6-20) and adulthood (21-80). Separate analyses appear to provide more useful descriptions of PREP latency and amplitude changes across the lifespan. It is clear that predicted normal values can vary depending on age range and relative proportion of males and females comprising a reference sample. Appropriate clinical values should be based on age- and sex-matched normal subjects and should be specific with regard to technical and methodological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emmerson-Hanover
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City
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Tobimatsu S, Kurita-Tashima S, Nakayama-Hiromatsu M, Akazawa K, Kato M. Age-related changes in pattern visual evoked potentials: differential effects of luminance, contrast and check size. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993; 88:12-9. [PMID: 7681386 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(93)90023-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulation in 109 normal subjects (51 males and 59 females; aged 19-84 years) in order to study the aging effect on the multiple channels of the visual system in humans. Transient VEPs to 3 check sizes (15', 30' and 50') were obtained by monocular stimulation. Two test conditions were employed: (1) a high luminance (180 cd/m2) and a low luminance (11 cd/m2) both with a fixed contrast (90%), and (2) a high contrast (85%) and a low contrast (10%) both at a fixed luminance (57 cd/m2). The major features of our results included: (1) the presence of a curvilinear relationship between P100 latency and age for all conditions, while the P100 amplitude did not show any such aging effect, (2) the age-latency function was similar between the two luminance conditions, while it was different between the two contrast conditions, and (3) the differential age effect on the P100 latency caused by changes in contrast depended on the check size. These results suggest that age-related changes in the human visual system are not uniform, but rather are different in the specific functional subdivisions. It is thus hypothesized that aging may differentially influence the separate channels of the human visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tobimatsu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Frith RW, Shaw NA, Aitcheson F. Pattern visual evoked potential luminance and multiple sclerosis. CLINICAL EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY) 1992; 23:162-8. [PMID: 1395053 DOI: 10.1177/155005949202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) were recorded from 111 patients classified as having possible, probable or definite multiple sclerosis. Patients were stimulated with a checkerboard pattern using high and low luminances in order to test the hypothesis that an attenuated pattern luminance increases the detection rate of PVEP abnormalities. With increasing certainty of diagnosis, there was a concomitant increase in the incidence of PVEP abnormalities. However, there was no evidence that stimulating with a lower luminance pattern enhanced the sensitivity of the test. The same findings were also apparent when the patient data was analyzed according to the presence or absence of a history of optic neuritis or other visual symptoms. It is concluded that, within the luminance limits used in this study, the role of varied luminance in detecting demyelinating lesions in the optic nerves using the PVEP is minimal, although there was some limited evidence that a high level of luminance may be more appropriate than a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Frith
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Auckland Hospital, New Zealand
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Gilles C, de Buyl O, Genevrois C, Salama M, Mendlewicz J. [Specificity of visual evoked potential alterations in Alzheimer's disease]. Neurophysiol Clin 1991; 21:425-37. [PMID: 1808501 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(05)80333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied visual evoked potentials (VEP) in four groups: healthy young and aged subjects and aged patients suffering from depression or Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the flash modality, peak IV delay in AD patients as compared to aged controls corresponded to lengthened III-IV interlatency (IL). When AD and depressed patients were compared, peak IV delay in the former did not reach significance. Normal aging resulted in delayed peaks II and III, without IL modification. In the pattern reversal modality, no difference was observed between AD patients and aged, healthy or depressed controls. Aging delayed peaks P50 to P180. The abnormality exhibited by AD patients was specific to this group. However, the lack of significant difference between AD and depressed groups argues against the ability of VEP to differentiate those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gilles
- Centre inter-Universitaire, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Mons, Belgique
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26
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Yamamoto S, Adachi-Usami E. Senile changes of crystalline lens: effects on the delayed latency of pattern visually evoked potentials in phakic and pseudophakic eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 1991; 69:205-9. [PMID: 1872139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb02712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We recorded visually evoked cortical potentials to pattern stimuli (PVECPs) in 22 patients who received a posterior chamber intraocular lens implant. The mean latency of the P100 obtained from patients was not significantly different from that of age-matched normal phakic subjects. Furthermore, we found that both groups showed a similar increased delay of the P100 latency with age. The results of this study indicated that the senile opacity of the crystalline lens does not contribute to changes of PVECPs with age. These alterations may be due to senile changes of the neural pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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27
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Armstrong RA, Slaven A, Harding GFA. The influence of age on the pattern and flash visual evoked magnetic response (VEMR). Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1991.tb00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Taghavy A, Kügler CF. Colour-black pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (colour-black-PVEPs): neurobiological aspects and clinical applicability of a new method. Int J Neurosci 1988; 43:225-36. [PMID: 3243681 DOI: 10.3109/00207458808986174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The new method of Colour-Black-PVEPs was applied to 67 healthy subjects with normal colour vision who were subdivided into age groups (= AG) I (N = 40: 18-30 years) and AG II (N = 27: 31-60 years): 1. For the N80-, P100- latencies and the N80P100-amplitudes of all Colour-Black-PVEPs we obtained age-, sex- and eye-matched normative data. 2. The female subjects of AG I showed shorter (p less than or equal to 0.05 resp. 0.002) P100-latencies and higher (p less than or equal to 0.02 resp. 0.0001) N80P100-amplitudes in the Colour-Black-PVEPs than the male subjects. In AG II, however, the Colour-Black-PVEPs did not show any more sex-differences for the P100-latencies, whereas the N80P100-amplitudes remained significantly higher for the females. 3. In the Colour-Black-PVEPs the N80- and P100-latencies did not reveal age-dependent changes. The N80P100-amplitudes, however, decreased with increasing age, but this was significant for the females only. 4. The head sizes, although decreasing with age, were in both age groups significant smaller for the females only. 4. The head sizes, although decreasing with age, were in both age groups significant smaller for the females. Therefore, head size alone could not fully explain the sex-differences in the Colour-Black-PVEPs and their age-dependent changes. 5. In both age groups, the N80--and P100-latencies increased significantly for both sexes from the Green-Black- and Red-Black-PVEPs to the Blue-Black-PVEPs. The N80P100-amplitudes decreased in the same sequence. This method may become a valuable tool in the investigation of neurophysiological and ophthalmoneurological aspects of human colour vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taghavy
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany
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29
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Adachi-Usami E, Hosoda L, Toyonaga N. Effects of aging on the temporal frequency characteristics determined by pattern visually evoked cortical potentials. Doc Ophthalmol 1988; 69:139-44. [PMID: 3168716 DOI: 10.1007/bf00153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pattern reversal visually evoked cortical potentials were recorded from 70 normal volunteers, aged from 4 to 70 years. Eleven reversal frequencies between 1 and 20 rev/sec were presented. The progressive reduction in the amplitude of the P100 component with age for lower frequency ranges was shown up to the age decade of 30-39 years and the temporal tuning curve became a constant pattern after 40 years. However, there was a trend that the maxima of the tuning curve shifted toward lower frequencies with age after 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adachi-Usami
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Mitchell KW, Howe JW, Spencer SR. Visual evoked potentials in the older population: age and gender effects. CLINICAL PHYSICS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE HOSPITAL PHYSICISTS' ASSOCIATION, DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR MEDIZINISCHE PHYSIK AND THE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF ORGANISATIONS FOR MEDICAL PHYSICS 1987; 8:317-24. [PMID: 3427872 DOI: 10.1088/0143-0815/8/4/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pattern reversal Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) were elicited from 68 normal subjects (31 males, 37 females) in the age range 40-80 years. With VEP latency, a significant age effect, increasing values with age, was demonstrated, but none in relation to gender. The converse held true for VEP amplitude however, no age effect being observed, but some gender effect in that lower values were elicited from males as compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Mitchell
- University Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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31
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Celesia GG, Kaufman D, Cone S. Effects of age and sex on pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1987; 68:161-71. [PMID: 2436875 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(87)90023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pattern-electroretinograms (P-ERGs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were simultaneously recorded in 112 normal individuals aged 20-75. Two-sized checks subtending 15' and 31' were used as stimuli. A weighted regression analysis was used to determine which of the variables, sex or age, was significant. The latency of the a and b wave of the P-ERGs showed a progressive increase with age but no difference between sexes. The effect was statistically significant for both 15' and 31' checks. There was no statistically significant aging effect for VEPs elicited by 31' checks. Aging, however, affected N70, P100, and the interpeak interval between b wave to N70 and b wave to P100 for responses to 15' checks. Shorter VEP latencies were noted in females for both 15' and 31' checks. The simultaneous recording of P-ERGs and VEPs has demonstrated that aging is a major variable at the retinal level. The effects on the a and b waves are mostly due to optic changes with aging and only partially to aging changes in the neuronal retinal circuitry. The effect of aging on VEPs is different for different size stimuli. The cause is a random neuronal cell loss in the visual pathways from the optic nerve to the visual cortex as the individual ages. The difference in VEP data between sexes may be related to anatomical size and hormonal influences.
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Mervaala E, Keränen T, Penttilä M, Partanen JV, Riekkinen P. Pattern-reversal VEP and cortical SEP latency prolongations in epilepsy. Epilepsia 1985; 26:441-5. [PMID: 3930232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1985.tb05677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty ambulatory outpatients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures with primary generalized discharges and photoconvulsive response on electroencephalogram (EEG) and 11 ambulatory outpatients with partial complex seizures with or without secondary generalization were studied with pattern-reversal light-emitting diode (LED) stimulator visual evoked potential (VEPs) and short-latency median nerve cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). The patients with primary generalized epilepsy had significantly prolonged latencies of VEP components P2 and N3 and SEP component P22. The patients with partial epilepsy had significantly prolonged latency of VEP component N3. It is concluded that both functional and structural factors may cause a slowing of central impulse conduction.
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Roth WT, Tecce JJ, Pfefferbaum A, Rosenbloom M, Callaway E. ERPs and Psychopathology. I. Behavioral process issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1984; 425:496-522. [PMID: 6588871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical study of ERPs has an inherent defect--a self-selection of clinical populations that hampers equating of clinically defined groups on factors extraneous to the independent variables. Such ex post facto studies increase the likelihood of confounding variables in the interpretation of findings. Hence, the development of lawful relationships between clinical variables and ERPs is impeded and the fulfillment of description, explanation, prediction, and control in brain science is thwarted. Proper methodologies and theory development can increase the likelihood of establishing these lawful relationships. One methodology of potential value in the clinical application of ERPs, particularly in studies of aging, is that of divided attention. Two promising theoretical developments in the understanding of brain functioning and aging are the distraction-arousal hypothesis and the controlled-automatic attention model. The evaluation of ERPs in the study of brain-behavior relations in clinical populations might be facilitated by the differentiation of concurrent, predictive, content, and construct validities.
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Kelley JT, Pena Y, Reilly EL, Overall JE, Colton GS. Effects of age and alcohol abuse on pattern reversal visual evoked potentials. CLINICAL EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY) 1984; 15:102-9. [PMID: 6733934 DOI: 10.1177/155005948401500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked Potential (PRVEP) was recorded in normal subjects and alcoholics. The recordings were made from the patients during withdrawal and repeated after three weeks of detoxification. It was found that the N76 latency was longer in the alcoholic patient in the withdrawal phase than in the normal subjects. The latency returned to normal range after detoxification in younger alcoholic patients but did not in the older alcoholics. The age-related increase in the N76 latency in the alcoholic patients was similar to that in normal subjects but more exaggerated. For alcoholics, the age-related change in the N76 latency reached significance, but was only a trend in normal subjects. The P100 latency demonstrated significant age-related change, but far less modification related to the alcoholism than the N76 latency. It is unclear at present whether the failure of the latency to return to normal in older patients after detoxification is related to longer periods of excessive drinking, or to a particular vulnerability of the older patients to continued use of alcohol.
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Allison T, Wood CC, Goff WR. Brain stem auditory, pattern-reversal visual, and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials: latencies in relation to age, sex, and brain and body size. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1983; 55:619-36. [PMID: 6189692 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine standards of normality for auditory, somatosensory and visual evoked potentials commonly used in the assessment of neurological disease, 8 AEP, 1 VEP and 12 SEP components were recorded to stimulation of left and right ears, eyes, and median nerves in 286 normal subjects ranging in age from 4 to 95 years. Peak and interpeak latencies, and left-right differences in latency, were analyzed as a function of age, sex, and estimates of brain and body size. Major features of the results were: (1) Peak latencies of all components showed statistically significant increases in latency with age except that VEP P100 latency decreased significantly between 4 and 19 years and did not change between 20 and 59 years. (2) In adults the peak latencies of all components were significantly later in males than in females. For AEPs and VEPs these differences were explained by sex differences in brain size, and for adult SEPs were explained by sex differences in arm and shoulder dimensions. No significant sex differences in VEP and SEP latencies were seen in children. (3) Most interpeak latencies showed significant differences in relation to age or sex. (4) Age and sex are useful predictors of latency for nearly all peak and interpeak latencies; in addition, height is a useful predictor of SEP peak latencies. (5) Left-right latency differences showed little age-related, and no sex-related, change. The interlaboratory use of these or other normative data was discussed. It was concluded that these AEP and SEP norms can probably be used in other laboratories if stimulating and recording conditions are similar. However, VEP results are difficult to transfer due to the poorly understood effects of variation in stimulus conditions. Some issues regarding the optimal characterization of norms were also discussed.
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37
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Coben LA, Danziger WL, Hughes CP. Visual evoked potentials in mild senile dementia of Alzheimer type. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1983; 55:121-30. [PMID: 6185308 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to chessboard shift and to flash stimulation were recorded from 40 subjects with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 40 individually matched control subjects. All of the SDAT subjects had only a mild degree of dementia and were still living in the community. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between demented and control group means for 3 chessboard shift VEP measures, the demented group having longer latency of peaks P3 and N3, and larger amplitude of segment N2-P3. These three are the earliest reported changes in the VEP in Alzheimer disease, since the flash VEPs showed no measure in which the demented and control group means differed significantly.
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Abstract
The electrophysiological analysis of visual evoked responses is a powerful tool for the study of visual function. The combined application of pattern-reversal transient visual evoked potentials, critical frequency of photic driving, and visual evoked spectrum array has enhanced the reliability and the yield of these tests for the diagnosis of visual dysfunctions. Prechiasmatic and retrochiasmatic lesions are characterized by different abnormalities. Prechiasmatic lesions often can be further differentiated into retinal and optic nerve lesions by the simultaneous recording of retinal and cortical potentials.
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Mintz M, Tomer R, Radwan H, Myslobodsky MS. Visual evoked potentials in hemiparkinsonism. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1981; 52:611-6. [PMID: 6172260 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(81)91435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Snyder EW, Dustman RE, Shearer DE. Pattern reversal evoked potential amplitudes: life span changes. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1981; 52:429-34. [PMID: 6171408 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(81)90026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs) were recorded from people whose ages ranged from 4 to 90 years. Dramatic reductions in PREP amplitudes occurred between childhood and adolescence. These changes were most evident in females. Following adolescence there were no significant changes in amplitudes, even to old age. Latencies, on the other hand, have been shown to change most dramatically between adulthood and old age. PREP amplitudes and latencies, therefore, appear to provide different and unique information regarding development and aging. One cannot ignore PREP amplitudes without sacrificing information regarding early development.
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Shaw NA, Cant BR. Age-dependent changes in the amplitude of the pattern visual evoked potential. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1981; 51:671-3. [PMID: 6165569 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(81)90212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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44
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Sokol S, Moskowitz A, Towle VL. Age-related changes in the latency of the visual evoked potential: influence of check size. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1981; 51:559-62. [PMID: 6165555 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(81)90232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials were recorded from visually normal adults between 10 and 80 years of age. Two check sizes, 12 and 48 min, were used. The results showed that the latency of the first major positive component, P1, increased with age for both check sizes. This rate of increase was nearly twice as fast for 12 min checks. This difference is most likely a reflection of the differential effects of aging processes on the various spatial frequency channels in the human visual system.
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Bird TD, Crill WE. Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in the hereditary ataxias and spinal degenerations. Ann Neurol 1981; 9:243-50. [PMID: 7224589 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410090307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) were evaluated in 24 patients from 18 separate families with various forms of hereditary ataxia and spinal degeneration. Abnormally delayed latencies were found in 3 of 5 patients with classic Friedreich's ataxia, 1 patient with dominant spastic paraparesis, and 1 patient with recessive dentatorubrospinal degeneration. Fifteen other patients with several different types of dominant and recessive hereditary ataxias had normal PRVEP latencies, including 1 patient with bilateral optic atrophy. Testing of PRVEP will be useful in the clinical delineation of the genetic ataxias and spinal degenerations, and, when interpreted with caution, should be an additional variable evaluated in the differentiation of these disorders from multiple sclerosis.
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