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Zhang Z, Zeng D, Zhang W, Chen A, Lei J, Liu F, Deng B, Zhuo J, He B, Yan M, Lei X, Wang S, Lam EWF, Liu Q, Wang Z. Modulation of oxidative phosphorylation augments antineoplastic activity of mitotic aurora kinase inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:893. [PMID: 34593753 PMCID: PMC8484571 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled mitosis is one of the most important features of cancer, and mitotic kinases are thought to be ideal targets for anticancer therapeutics. However, despite numerous clinical attempts spanning decades, clinical trials for mitotic kinase-targeting agents have generally stalled in the late stages due to limited therapeutic effectiveness. Alisertib (MLN8237) is a promising oral mitotic aurora kinase A (AURKA, Aurora-A) selective inhibitor, which is currently under several clinical evaluations but has failed in its first Phase III trial due to inadequate efficacy. In this study, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based screening to identify vulnerable biological processes associated with alisertib in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The result indicated that alisertib treated cancer cells are more sensitive to the genetic perturbation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mechanistic investigation indicated that alisertib treatment, as well as other mitotic kinase inhibitors, rapidly reduces the intracellular ATP level to generate a status that is highly addictive to OXPHOS. Furthermore, the combinational inhibition of mitotic kinase and OXPHOS by alisertib, and metformin respectively, generates severe energy exhaustion in mitotic cells that consequently triggers cell death. The combination regimen also enhanced tumor regression significantly in vivo. This suggests that targeting OXPHOS by metformin is a potential strategy for promoting the therapeutic effects of mitotic kinase inhibitors through the joint targeting of mitosis and cellular energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Deshun Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ailin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bing Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Junxiao Zhuo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bin He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinxing Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shulan Wang
- Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Zhao H, Pan X. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ and cell cycle regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:171-207. [PMID: 34253295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated for more than 40 years that intracellular calcium (Ca2+) controls a variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuation during key stages of the cell cycle can lead to mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and subsequent activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a range of signaling. However, the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ and cell cycle progression has long been neglected because the molecule responsible for Ca2+ uptake has been unknown. Recently, the identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) has led to key advances. With improved Ca2+ imaging and detection, effects of MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ have been observed at different stages of the cell cycle. Elevated Ca2+ signaling boosts ATP and ROS production, remodels cytosolic Ca2+ pathways and reprograms cell fate-determining networks. These findings suggest that manipulating mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling may serve as a potential strategy in the control of many crucial biological events, such as tumor development and cell division in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling during different stages of the cell cycle and highlight the potential physiological and pathological significance of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China.
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Fueling the Cell Division Cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:69-81. [PMID: 27746095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is a complex process with high energy demands. However, how cells regulate the generation of energy required for DNA synthesis and chromosome segregation is not well understood. Recent data suggest that changes in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis crosstalk with, and are tightly regulated by, the cell division machinery. Alterations in energy availability trigger cell-cycle checkpoints, suggesting a bidirectional connection between cell division and general metabolism. Some of these connections are altered in human disease, and their manipulation may help in designing therapeutic strategies for specific diseases including cancer. We review here recent studies describing the control of metabolism by the cell-cycle machinery.
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Abstract
The basic components of the plant cell cycle are G1 (postmitotic interphase), S-phase (DNA synthesis phase), G2 (premitotic interphase) and mitosis/cytokinesis. Proliferating cells are phosphoregulated by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Plant D-type cyclins are sensors of the G0 to G1 transition, and are also important for G2/M. At G1/S, the S-phase transcription factor, E2F, is released from inhibitory retinoblastoma protein. Negative regulation of G1 events is through KRPs (Kip-related proteins). Plant S-phase genes are similar to animal ones, but timing of expression can be different (e.g. CDC6 at the start of S-phase) and functional evidence is limited. At G2/M, A-type and the unique B-type CDKs when bound to A, B and D cyclins, drive cells into division; they are negatively regulated by ICK1/2 and perhaps also by WEE1 kinase. In Arabidopsis, a putative CDC25 lacks a regulatory domain. Mitosis depends on correct temporal activity of CDKs, Aurora kinases and anaphase promotion complex; CDK-cyclin B activity beyond metaphase is catastrophic. Endoreduplication (re-replication of DNA in the absence of mitosis) is characterized by E2F expression and down-regulation of mitotic cyclins. Some cell size data support, whilst others negate, the idea of cell size having an impact on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Francis
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
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Riou-Khamlichi C, Menges M, Healy JM, Murray JA. Sugar control of the plant cell cycle: differential regulation of Arabidopsis D-type cyclin gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:4513-21. [PMID: 10848578 PMCID: PMC85832 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.13.4513-4521.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In most plants, sucrose is the major transported carbon source. Carbon source availability in the form of sucrose is likely to be a major determinant of cell division, and mechanisms must exist for sensing sugar levels and mediating appropriate control of the cell cycle. We show that sugar availability plays a major role during the G(1) phase by controlling the expression of CycD cyclins in Arabidopsis. CycD2 mRNA levels increase within 30 min of the addition of sucrose; CycD3 is induced after 4 h. This corresponds to induction of CycD2 expression early in G(1) and CycD3 expression in late G(1) near the S-phase boundary. CycD2 and CycD3 induction is independent both of progression to a specific point in the cell cycle and of protein synthesis. Protein kinase activity of CycD2- and CycD3-containing cyclin-dependent kinases is consistent with the observed regulation of their mRNA levels. CycD2 and CycD3 therefore act as direct mediators of the presence of sugar in cell cycle commitment. CycD3, but not CycD2, expression responds to hormones, for which we show that the presence of sugars is required. Finally, protein phosphatases are shown to be involved in regulating CycD2 and CycD3 induction. We propose that control of CycD2 and CycD3 by sucrose forms part of cell cycle control in response to cellular carbohydrate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Riou-Khamlichi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Olivotto M, Arcangeli A, Caldini R, Chevanne M, Cipolleschi MG, Dello Sbarba P. Metabolic aspects of cell cycle regulation in normal and cancer cells. Toxicol Pathol 1984; 12:369-73. [PMID: 6533755 DOI: 10.1177/019262338401200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several studies are reviewed dealing with the mechanisms which regulate the cell cycle progression in normal and cancer cells. Using Yoshida AH 130 ascites tumor cells, it has been found that the G1-S transition of these cells is impaired by specific inhibitors of the electron flow through the respiratory chain (antimycin A), although respiratory ATP can be replaced by glycolytic ATP. The above transition can be also inhibited by the addition of physiologic substrates, mainly pyruvate, by a mechanism which appears linked to a modification of the cellular redox state and can be totally reversed by adding adenine to the culture medium. Adenine equally removes the block produced by antimycin A, pointing out a respiration-linked step of purine metabolism restricting the cell recruitment into S. A substantial protection of this step against the inhibitory effects of pyruvate and antimycin A has been obtained by the addition of folate and tetrahydrofolate, suggesting that the respiration-linked limiting step of tumor cell cycling involves folate metabolism and its connection to purine synthesis. The biologic relevance of these findings is stressed by the fact that pyruvate addition also inhibits the proliferation of concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes as well as of bone marrow hemopoietic cells in the presence of colony-stimulating factors. On the other hand, pyruvate only slightly affects the growth kinetics of malignant lymphoblasts and of Friend erythroleukemia cells either in the absence or in the presence of the differentiation inducer dimethylsulfoxide.
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Olivotto M, Paoletti F. The role of respiration in tumor cell transition from the noncycling to the cycling state. J Cell Physiol 1981; 107:243-9. [PMID: 7251682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Resting Yoshida AH130 hepatoma cells, harvested at the plateau of tumor development in vivo, were recruited into the cycling state following transfer to an in vitro system whereby these cells were incubated in the autologous ascites plasma diluted with buffered saline and enriched with glucose. In this system, cell recruitment into the phase of DNA synthesis (S phase) strictly depends on the activity of the respiratory chain and is abolished by anaerobiosis as well as by antimycin A, although the intracellular levels of ATP and the rate of protein synthesis are practically unaffected by these treatments. Furthermore, 2,4-dinitrophenol, at concentrations which uncouple the respiratory phosphorylation and hence enhance both glycolysis and oxygen consumption, does not hinder cell promotion into S phase. Thus, the absolute respiration dependence of cycling resumption by resting ascites cells does not seem to rely on respiratory ATP supply, but rather is linked to the electron flow through the respiratory chain.
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Löffler M, Postius S, Schneider F. Anaerobiosis and oxygen recovery: changes in cell cycle distribution of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells grown in vitro. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY 1978; 26:359-68. [PMID: 416594 DOI: 10.1007/bf02889562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle distribution of in vitro cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells was analysed by pulse-cytophotometry to characterize the growth cessation observed under anaerobic conditions. DNA histograms provided evidence that in the absence of oxygen EAT cells accumulate in the G1 and early S phase of the cell cycle while in the presence of oxygen an increase in G2 was observed during 24h culture period. Cellular recovery from anaerobiosis was observed soon after transfer of the cells into fresh aerobic culture medium but occurred slowly if the cells were only resupplied with air. Cell cycle analyses as well as (14C)-thymidine incorporation suggest considerable synchronization results from the introduction of anaerobiosis.
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Stetka DG, Webster PL. Recovery of Pisum root meristems after mitotic-inhibitory treatments with 3H-thymidine. Inhibition of cell-cycle progression by unincorporated 3H-thymidine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1977; 31:321-34. [PMID: 301123 DOI: 10.1080/09553007714550381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary root meristems of Pisum sativum recover form a 3H-thymidine-induced reduction in mitotic activity once the roots are no longer exposed to exogenous 3H-thymidine. Cells arrested in G2 during 3H-thymidine treatment apparently do not divide for at least 16 hours after treatment, whereas cells remaining in G1 and S do divide and thereby account for recovery. Recovery occurs only when meristems are no longer exposed to exogenous (i.e. unincorporated) 3H-thymidine, suggesting that cytoplasmic irradiation from unincorporated 3H-thymidine prevents cellular recovery from 3H-thymidine-induced inhibition of cell progression through the mitotic cycle. Concentrations of 14C-thymidine which result in cytoplasmic irradiation nearly equivalent to that achieved with 3H-thymidine, but much lower levels of nuclear irradiation, also prevent recovery from 3H-thymidine-induced inhibition of mitotic activity, but do not alone produced such inhibition. These results support the contention that cytoplasmic irradiation prevents recovery from the effects of nuclear irradiation. Unincorporated 3H-thymidine also prevents recovery from sucrose deprivation in stationary phase G2 cells which have not incorporated 3H-thymidine into nuclear DNA.
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12
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Braide VB, Aronson AL. Calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate toxicity in the rat: Sequential light- and electron-microscopic studies on chelate-induced enteropathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(74)90246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Webster PL, Langenauer HD. Experimental control of the activity of the quiescent centre in excised root tips of Zea mays. PLANTA 1973; 112:91-100. [PMID: 24469891 DOI: 10.1007/bf00388580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/1973] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent centres have been demonstrated in cultured excised root tips of both Pisum sativum and Zea mays. Upon addition of sucrose to Zea roots which have been deprived of carbohydrate, the cells of the quiescent zone as well as those of the rest of the meristem undergo DNA synthesis. Following the onset of proliferative activity in the meristem, DNA synthesis in the quiescent-centre cells is again arrested. It is suggested that the dividing cells of the meristem are responsible for the maintenance of the quiescent centre. It has also been shown that DNA-synthesising cells do occur within the quiescent centre and that they appear to be localised in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Webster
- Botany Department, University of Massachusetts, 01002, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Ross DW, Sinclair WK. Cell cycle compartment analysis of Chinese hamster cells in stationary phase cultures. CELL AND TISSUE KINETICS 1972; 5:1-14. [PMID: 5062785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1972.tb00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hof JV, Kovacs CJ. Mitotic Cycle Regulation in the Meristem of Cultured Roots: The Principal Control Point Hypothesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3207-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Johnson RT, Rao PN. Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in the acheivement of nuclear synchrony in DNA synthesis and mitosis in multinucleate cells. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1971; 46:97-155. [PMID: 4399534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1971.tb01180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Van't Hof J. Metabolism and the prolonged retention of cells in the G1 and S period of the mitotic cycle of cultured pea roots. Exp Cell Res 1970; 61:173-82. [PMID: 5431616 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(70)90271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Recovery of G2 cells in pea root meristems: Survival and mitotic delay following irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-7560(70)80035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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