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Bush EW, Taft CS, Meixell GE, Perryman MB. Overexpression of myotonic dystrophy kinase in BC3H1 cells induces the skeletal muscle phenotype. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:548-52. [PMID: 8550617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.1.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant defect that produces muscle wasting, myotonia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. The myotonic dystrophy locus codes for a putative serine-threonine protein kinase of unknown function. We report that overexpression of human myotonic dystrophy protein kinase induces the expression of skeletal muscle-specific genes in undifferentiated BC3H1 muscle cells. BC3H1 clones expressing myotonic dystrophy kinase appear equivalent to differentiated cells with respect to expression of myogenin, retinoblastoma tumor supressor gene, M creatine kinase, beta-tropomyosin, and vimentin. In addition, differential display analysis demonstrates that the pattern of gene expression exhibited by myotonic dystrophy kinase-expressing cells is essentially identical to that of differentiated BC3H1 muscle cells. These observations suggest that myotonic dystrophy kinase may function in the myogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Bush
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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2
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Sharkey SW, Murakami MM, Smith SA, Apple FS. Canine myocardial creatine kinase isoenzymes after chronic coronary artery occlusion. Circulation 1991; 84:333-40. [PMID: 2060103 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.84.1.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatine kinase (CK) exists as three cytosolic isoenzymes, CK-MM, CK-MB, and CK-BB, and one mitochondrial isoenzyme. Animal and human observations suggest that the CK-MB content of myocardium is dynamic and may increase in response to ischemia, but the response of the myocardial CK system to chronic coronary artery occlusion is not well-defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured serial changes in myocardial total CK, percent CK-MB, and percent CK-BB before and 3 weeks after coronary artery occlusion in 17 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Tissue biopsies were obtained from the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery myocardium, the right coronary artery (RCA) myocardium, and the circumflex coronary artery myocardium at baseline and 3 weeks after LAD occlusion (n = 6), RCA occlusion (n = 5), and no coronary artery occlusion (n = 6). Tissue samples were assayed for total CK, percent CK-MB, and percent CK-BB. Samples were also examined by electron microscopy for evidence of ischemic myopathy. Total myocardial CK activity did not change over 3 weeks. Percent CK-MB increased significantly in the tissue supplied by the occluded artery (4.1-fold in dogs with LAD occlusion and 6.7-fold in dogs with RCA occlusion). Percent CK-BB did not change. Dogs with LAD occlusion had ultrastructural evidence of myopathic fibers interspersed with normal fibers in the LAD myocardium. Dogs with RCA occlusion had no ultrastructural evidence of myopathic fibers in the RCA myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Chronic coronary artery occlusion causes a pronounced change in the canine myocardial CK system that is limited to the tissue supplied by the occluded coronary artery. These biochemical alterations do not correlate with any cellular ultrastructural changes. Myocardial CK-MB content is dynamic, varies geographically within the heart, and increases rapidly after coronary artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Sharkey
- Cardiology Division, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minn. 55415
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3
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Wirz T, Brändle U, Soldati T, Hossle JP, Perriard JC. A unique chicken B-creatine kinase gene gives rise to two B-creatine kinase isoproteins with distinct N termini by alternative splicing. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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4
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Isolation and characterization of the gene and cDNA encoding human mitochondrial creatine kinase. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Abstract
The myosin ATPase activity and myosin light chain composition in developing chick heart and skeletal muscles were studied and compared. Embryonic myosin was purified and characterized from day 7 to day 19 of embryogenesis. Embryonic cardiac myosin generally showed the same Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity level as the adult value. In comparison, pooled pectoralis and hindlimb skeletal muscles from day 10 through day 19 showed myosin ATPase activities that were all significantly less than the adult counterpart. The myosin light chain pattern of embryonic cardiac myosin remained relatively constant like the myosin ATPase activity, whereas developmental changes were observed in skeletal myosin light chains.
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6
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Reiss NA. Ontogeny and estrogen responsiveness of creatine kinase and glycolytic enzymes in brain and uterus of rat. Neurosci Lett 1988; 84:197-202. [PMID: 3340326 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the postnatal ontogeny of creatine kinase (CK) and the glycolytic enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM), enolase (En), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in rat brain and uterus. In 30-day-old rat, brain and uterus express the fetal isoforms CK-B, PGK-A, PGM-B, En-alpha and PK-M2, and the differentiated isoforms En-gamma and PK-M1. The activity of glycolytic enzymes in uterus of two-day-old rat is as in brain, while CK activity is 3 times higher in brain. The activity of the glycolytic enzymes in brain began to increase (3-4-fold) 10 days after birth, in a coordinated manner. CK activity began to increase 5 days after birth in both brain (4.2-fold) and uterus (4.5-fold), suggesting the dissociation of glycolytic enzyme ontogeny from CK. In contrast to brain, the levels of glycolytic enzymes in uterus were highest at birth, suggesting the action of a tissue-specific mechanism for regulation of the constitutive levels of glycolytic isozymes. Except for PGM, all enzymes showed an increase in total activity, in response to estrogen, in uterus but not in whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Reiss
- Department of Chemical Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Miranda AF, Peterson ER, Masurovsky EB. Differential expression of creatine kinase and phosphoglycerate mutase isozymes during development in aneural and innervated human muscle culture. Tissue Cell 1988; 20:179-91. [PMID: 2841773 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(88)90040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several enzymes that occur in multimolecular forms undergo transitions during myogenesis. Studies of such developmentally regulated isozymes (e.g. creatine kinase) indicate that muscle cells, cultured in the absence of neural tissue never develop fully mature isozyme patterns, but continue to express large amounts of 'housekeeping' isozymes that are characteristically present in fetal muscle. We studied two developmentally controlled isozymes, creatine kinase (CK) and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) in normal human muscle, both aneurally cultured and co-cultured with fetal mouse spinal cord complex. Innervated cultures attain a greater degree of maturity than non-innervated cultures, as revealed by light and electron microscopy, showing well-developed sarcomeres and motor endplates after several weeks in vitro. During early stages of muscle regeneration in co-culture, characteristic fetal isozyme patterns of CK-BB and PGAM-BB activity predominate, as in aneural cultures. The muscle-specific isozymes (CK-MM; PGAM-MM) begin to appear as the muscle differentiates, and after 2-3 months in co-culture only, virtually all enzyme activity is due to the muscle-specific forms of CK and PGAM, as is normally observed in mature skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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8
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Bennett VD, Cowles E, Husic HD, Suelter CH. Muscle cell cultures from chicken breast muscle have increased specific activities of creatine kinase when incubated at 41 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C. Exp Cell Res 1986; 164:63-70. [PMID: 3956598 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(86)90454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chicken muscle cell cultures were incubated at 41 degrees C, the physiological chicken body temperature, and compared with cultures incubated at 37 degrees C, the typical cell culture incubation temperature. The cultures incubated at 41 degrees C show not only an increase in creatine kinase (CK)-specific activity but also a marked increase in the percentage of adult muscle CK isozyme (MM-CK) in 7-day muscle cultures. Muscle cell cultures incubated in the presence of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), a cell proliferation inhibitor, do not have the mononucleated cell overgrowth seen at 41 degrees C and thus exhibit a further increase in creatine kinase-specific activity compared with cultures incubated at 41 degrees C in the absence of ara-C. These results suggest that muscle cell cultures incubated at 41 degrees C are more highly differentiated than those incubated at 37 degrees C.
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9
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Abstract
A method is presented by which rat facial processes from different stages were obtained in pure fraction. The morphology, and protein and DNA contents in free dissected facial processes were determined. Facial processes of embryonic rats aged 9-15 days were analyzed by isoelectric focusing for their isoenzymic distribution of four enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase and phosphoglycerate mutase. A dominance of LDH-5, LDH-4 and LDH-3 isoenzymes was observed. As a comparison, LDH isoenzymes from mandibular and maxillary processes of rat embryos aged 9-11 days only revealed LDH-5 and to a smaller extent LDH-4. The results support the presence of a prominent anaerobic metabolism in these tissues during early facial development. The change to LDH-3 development correlates well with the formation of new blood vessels. From the ninth embryonic day, isoenzyme BB of creatine phosphokinase was present and during days 10-15 MB and MM developed. Isoenzyme A4 of fructose diphosphate aldolase was present from the ninth embryonic day and isoenzymes A3C and A2C2 developed during days 10-15. From the tenth embryonic day, isoenzyme BB of phosphoglycerate mutase was present and during days 10-15 isoenzyme MB and MM developed. Isoenzyme development was first seen in mandibular processes, followed by maxillary, lateral nasal and medial nasal processes, and it preceded morphologic evidence of skeletal muscle formation.
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10
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Sénéchal H, Wahrmann JP, Delain D, Macieira-Coelho A. Modulation of differentiation in vitro. II. Influence of cell spreading and surface events on myogenesis. IN VITRO 1984; 20:692-8. [PMID: 6500608 DOI: 10.1007/bf02618874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the influence of attachment and spreading on myogenesis by adding polylysine-covered beads at different times after plating the cells on a plastic substratum. We show that polylysine per se acting on the cell surface can modulate myogenesis independently of cell spreading. Thus cell shape would not be the limiting factor for the division and differentiation of L6 myoblasts. Multinucleation of the cells was found to be first enhanced by the addition of polylysine-covered beads to replicating myoblasts, although the final percentage of fusion attained by these cultures was lower than in the controls. A similar phenomenon was observed concerning myosin synthesis. No such effect could be observed when the beads were added to a nonfusing mutant or to fibroblasts. Our results show that this phenomenon is specific. We postulate that some of the surface molecules necessary for this process appear on myoblasts shortly before they fuse.
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11
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Abstract
The accumulation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity during the development of quail (C. coturnix japonica) myoblasts in culture was determined under both fusion permissive and impermissive (low Ca2+) conditions. When fusion is prevented by decreasing the [Ca2+] of growth restrictive medium, accumulation is initiated at the same time, follows the same kinetics and attains the same steady-state level as that in muscle fibers which form in the same medium with the normal level of Ca2+. Individual clones, in which complete homogeneity of cell type can be assured, were employed to establish levels of CPK activity per nucleus at the prefusion stage and in clones in which every nucleus is included within a syncytium. Cross-comparisons were made between these values and the activity measurements derived from mass cultures. These comparisons indicate no significant effect of fibroblast contamination or of myogenic cells of more advanced or retarded stages on the sign or magnitude of increase in CPK activity. Based on the parameters measured and the qualitative evidence that the same isozyme shift occurs in myocytes as in muscle fibers there is no reason to assume that differentiation is less complete or regulated differently in fusion-blocked myocytes. These studies indicate the utility and justification of employing this cell system and the biochemical criterion employed to examine myogenic differentiation on a cell by cell basis.
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12
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Olson EN, Caldwell KL, Gordon JI, Glaser L. Regulation of creatine phosphokinase expression during differentiation of BC3H1 cells. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Klemann SW, Pfohl RJ. Creatine phosphokinase in Rana pipiens: expression in embryos, early larvae and adult tissues. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 73:907-14. [PMID: 6983949 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(82)90335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isozymes found in Rana pipiens are similar to those found elsewhere; muscle-specific (MM-CPK), brain-specific (BB-CPK) and intermediate hybrid (MB-CPK) isozymes were identified. 2. Adult tissues exhibit CPK isozyme patterns similar to other vertebrates although variations are notable in nervous tissue, liver and kidney. 3. CPK isozyme patterns in ovarian eggs, ovulated eggs and selected stages of early development demonstrate a significant rise in CPK with neurulation. Most notable is a sharp increase in brain-specific BB-CPK. 4. MM-CPK purified from skeletal muscle is found to be similar, in properties studied, to the corresponding isozyme in other vertebrate species.
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14
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Eckert BS, Koons SJ, Schantz AW, Zobel CR. Association of creatine phosphokinase with the cytoskeleton of cultured mammalian cells. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1980; 86:1-5. [PMID: 6998982 PMCID: PMC2110669 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.86.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an antibody specific for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), we have discovered an association between that enzyme and the cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescence observations show that CPK is associated with intermediate filaments in PTK cells and BALB/3T3 cells. The CPK distribution also follows intermediate filaments when cells are treated with colchicine.
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15
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Developmental regulation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in myogenic cell cultures from chicken. Levels of mRNA for creatine kinase subunits M and B. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Mahler M. Progressive loss of mitochondrial creatine phosphokinase activity in muscular dystrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:895-906. [PMID: 465087 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Morris GE, Cole RJ. Calcium and the control of muscle-specific creatine kinase accumulation during skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. Dev Biol 1979; 69:146-58. [PMID: 109335 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Caravatti M, Perriard J, Eppenberger H. Developmental regulation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in myogenic cell cultures from chicken. Biosynthesis of creatine kinase subunits M and B. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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19
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20
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Perriard JC, Caravatti M, Perriard ER, Eppenberger HM. Quantitation of creatine kinase isoenzyme transition in differentiating chicken embryonic breast muscle and myogenic cell cultures by immunoadsorption. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 191:90-100. [PMID: 367277 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Perriard JC, Eppenberger HM. Demonstration of the presence of M-creatine kinase in mammalian myogenic cell lines. EXPERIENTIA 1978; 34:1149-51. [PMID: 720508 DOI: 10.1007/bf01922924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Unequivocal identification of M-CK in cell extracts from fused cells of myogenic cell lines is difficult due to almost identical behaviour of the M-CK and a contaminating enzyme activity in electrophoresis. If CK dimers present in cell extracts were subjected to dissociation and reassociation in the presence of exogenous B-CK subunits, the formation of easily identifiable MB-CK was demonstrated, indicating the presence of M-CK in the myogenic rat cell lines.
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22
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Perriard J, Perriard E, Eppenberger H. Detection and relative quantitation of mRNA for creatine kinase isoenzymes in mRNA from myogenic cell cultures and embryonic chicken tissues. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)46964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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Cohen A, Buckingham M, Gros F. A modified assay procedure for revealing the M form of creatine kinase in cultured muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 1978; 115:201-6. [PMID: 680012 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(78)90417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Dym H, Turner DC, Eppenberger HM, Yaffe D. Creatine kinase isoenzyme transition in actinomycin D-treated differentiating muscle cultures. Exp Cell Res 1978; 113:15-21. [PMID: 639864 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(78)90082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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DiMauro S, Arnold S, Miranda A, Rowland LP. McArdle disease: the mystery of reappearing phosphorylase activity in muscle culture--a fetal isoenzyme. Ann Neurol 1978; 3:60-6. [PMID: 418736 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the apparently paradoxical appearance of phosphorylase in muscle cultured from patients with McArdle disease, the enzyme in muscle culture was studied immunologically and electrophoretically. Antibody against normal human muscle phosphorylase completely inhibited the enzyme of adult muscle, but it had no effect on phosphorylase activity of muscle cultures from normal individuals or patients with McArdle disease. Also, amounts of antibody that would completely inhibit phosphorylase in mature muscle left about 30% of the activity in muscle obtained from human fetus at four months' gestation. Acrylamide-disc and slab-gel electrophoresis showed a single band of phorphorylase activity in adult muscle and two bands in fetal muscle. This suggested that at four months' gestation, both fetal and mature forms are present but that only the mature isoenzyme is inhibited by the antibody. The enzyme from cultured muscle gave only a single band, with the electrophoretic mobility of the fetal isoenzyme. These data suggest that phosphorylase activity in muscle cultured from patients with McArdle disease is due to a fetal isoenzyme whose genetic control is different from that of the mature enzyme.
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26
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Schudt C, Pette D. Ca2+ -ions as coupling agents in enzymatic differentiation and carbohydrate metabolism of cultured muscle cells. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 1977; 16:121-39. [PMID: 99990 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(78)90070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Morris GE, Cole RJ. Biosynthesis of muscle-specific creatine kinase during differentiation in vitro. FEBS Lett 1977; 79:183-7. [PMID: 560994 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Lough J, Bischoff R. Differentiation of creatine phosphokinase during myogenesis: quantitative fractionation of isozymes. Dev Biol 1977; 57:330-44. [PMID: 559598 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(77)90219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Guguen-Guillouzo C, Szajnert MF, Marie J, Delain D, Schapira F. Differentiation in vivo and in vitro of pyruvate kinase isozymes in rat muscle. Biochimie 1977; 59:65-71. [PMID: 870081 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(77)80087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The M type isozymes of Pyruvate-kinase have been studied by isoelectrofocusing in thin layer acrylamide ampholine gel, during the ontogeny of rat muscle in vivo and during the differentiation in vitro of myoblasts of a line established by Yaffe. In both cases, multiple subbands have been seen; the most acid (pHi 5.2) was the predominant band in myoblasts and in fetal muscle at the 15th day. Several more cathodic bands appear sequentially in vitro as in vivo, one of them corresponding to the "M2" or "K" band (predominant in kidney). The most cathodic band M1 (pHi 7.3), characteristic of the adult muscle, appears at the 9th day of culture in vitro in multinucleated myotubes and at the 20th day of fetal life in vivo. Kinetic results confirm these electrofocusing results, showing in fetal muscle and in myoblasts a sigmoid saturation curve of pyruvate kinase activity with phosphoenolpyruvate as substrate. This allosteric kinetic is progressively replaced by a Michaëlian kinetics in vitro as in vivo. Consequently, the studies in vitro may serve as a model for myogenesis in vivo, and may contribute to the understanding of the significance of the multiple forms of pyruvate-kinase during this myogenesis.
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30
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Zalin RJ. The effect of inhibitors upon intracellular cyclic AMP levels and chick myoblast differentiation. Dev Biol 1976; 53:1-9. [PMID: 185110 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(76)90203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Morris GE, Piper M, Cole R. Do increases in enzyme activities during muscle differentiation reflect expression of new genes? Nature 1976; 263:76-7. [PMID: 958468 DOI: 10.1038/263076a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Man NT, Morris GE, Cole RJ. Gene activation during muscle differentiation and the role of nonhistone chromosomal protein phosphorylation. Dev Biol 1975; 47:81-93. [PMID: 1204934 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Gearhart JD, Mintz B. Creatine kinase, myokinase, and acetylcholinesterase activities in muscle-forming primary cultures of mouse teratocarcinoma cells. Cell 1975; 6:61-6. [PMID: 170002 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multipotential mouse teratocarcinoma cells in embryoid bodies were explanted on plastic or collagen substrates. Various modes of cell determination, including myogenesis, occurred. The predominant avenue of differentiation soon became myogenesis: many multinucleated myotubes formed and yielded an extensive network of skeletal muscle fibers. The process does not proceed to normal completion, as the fibers have a paucity of striations and are not contractile. Activities of several enzymes ordinarily associated with muscle differentiation were examined. Acetylcholinesterase activity increases, especially during myotube formation, as in normal myogenesis. However, creatine kinase activity rises during myotube formation and then drops abnormally, and myokinase activity fails to increase appreciably. The fetal isozymic form of creatine kinase is expressed in the cultures, although well differentiated solid tumors taken from mice show attainment of the adult muscle isozyme type if skeletal muscle is demonstrably present. The results are consistent with the interpretation that coordinately regulated changes in gene expressions controlling these functions may be required for later stages of myogenesis.
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34
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Macek M, Tomásová H, Hurych J, Rezácová D. Creatinephosphokinase in human diploid cell lines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1975; 53:185-92. [PMID: 1119333 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0731-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity of CPK was proved in cultivated cells from amniotic fluid cells, thymus, spleen, pericardium, umbilical cord, skin and muscle. The activity in these strains did not significantly differ. The average value is 224 plus or minus 68 i.u. CPK/mg N. No differences of activity were disclosed between embryonal, foetal and children cultures. The activity of CPK in post mortem cultures was not altered. The relationship between collagen synthesis and CPK activity is suggested. The evidence of CPK activity in amniotic fluid cells corresponding to the activity in other foetal cultures and the whole sample under investigation opens the way to the prenatal investigation of pathophysiology and inborn errors of the metabolism of this enzyme.
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35
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Mân NT, Morris GE, Cole RJ. Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins during muscle differentiation in vitro. FEBS Lett 1974; 42:257-61. [PMID: 4369010 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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