1
|
Ziaei Amiri F, Pashandi Z, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Mirzaei-Parsa MJ, Ghanbari H, Faridi-Majidi R. Cell attachment effects of collagen nanoparticles on crosslinked electrospun nanofibers. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 44:199-207. [PMID: 32807005 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820947737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since collagen is naturally a main extracellular matrix protein, it has been applied widely in skin's tissue engineering scaffolds to mimics the characteristics of extracellular matrix for proper transplantation of living cells. However, there are challenges that come with application of this natural polymer such as high solubility in aqueous environments which requires further consideration such as chemically cross-linking in order to stabilization. But these treatments also affect its functionality and finally cellular behaviors on scaffold. In this research we evaluated the suitability of collagen nanofibers versus collagen nanoparticles for cell adhesion and viability on glutaraldehyde cross-linked scaffolds. Appling a dual-pump electrospining machine a blend PCL-Gelatin from one side and collagen nanofibers or collagen nanoparticles from the other side were collected on the collector. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and mechanical analysis. The cell viability, adhesion and morphology were studied respectively using MTT assay, hoechst staining and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated significantly improvement of cell viability, adhesion and better spreading on scaffolds with collagen nanoparticles than collagen nanofibers. It seems changes in surface morphology, viscoelastic moduli and swelling ability following cross-linking with glutaraldehyde in scaffold with collagen nanoparticles are still favorable for cellular proliferation. Based on these results, in the case of glutaraldehyde cross-linking, application of collagen nanoparticles rather than collagen nanofibers in tissue regeneration scaffolds will better mimic the extracellular matrix characteristics; and preserve the viability and adhesion of seeded cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ziaei Amiri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaiddodine Pashandi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Lotfibakhshaiesh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Mirzaei-Parsa
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gomes S, Rodrigues G, Martins G, Henriques C, Silva JC. Evaluation of nanofibrous scaffolds obtained from blends of chitosan, gelatin and polycaprolactone for skin tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:1174-1185. [PMID: 28487195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer blending is a strategy commonly used to obtain hybrid materials possessing properties better than those of the individual constituents regarding their use in scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. In the present work, the scaffolds produced by electrospinning solutions of polymeric blends obtained using a polyester (polycaprolactone, PCL), a polysaccharide (chitosan, CS) and a protein (gelatin extracted from cold water fish skin, GEL), were investigated. Solutions conductivity, shear viscosity and surface tension were determined. GEL-containing scaffolds were crosslinked with vapour phase glutaraldehyde (GTA). The scaffolds were characterized physico-chemically regarding fibre morphology, porosity, water contact angle, mechanical properties, chemical bonds and fibre and dimensional stability upon immersion in water and cell culture medium. The scaffolds were further tested in vitro for cell adhesion, growth and morphology of human foetal fibroblasts (cell line HFFF2). Results show that the nanofibrous scaffolds are hydrophilic and display the typical porosity of non-woven fibre mats. The CS/PCL and CS/PCL/GEL scaffolds have the highest elastic modulus (48MPa). Dimensional stability is best for the CS/PCL/GEL scaffolds. FTIR spectra confirm the occurrence of cross-linking reactions of GTA with both GEL and CS. Cell adhesion ratio ranked from excellent (close to 100%) to satisfactory (around 50%) in the order PCL/GEL>CS/GEL>CS/PCL/GEL>CS/PCL. Cell populations show an extended lag phase in comparison with the controls but cell proliferation occurs on all scaffolds until confluence is reached. In conclusion, all scaffolds studied possess characteristics that enable them to be used in skin tissue engineering but the CS/PCL/GEL scaffolds have better physical properties whereas the PCL/GEL scaffolds support a higher cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais/Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Martins
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais/Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, R. da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Célia Henriques
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gomes S, Rodrigues G, Martins G, Roberto M, Mafra M, Henriques C, Silva J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of electrospun nanofibers of PCL, chitosan and gelatin: A comparative study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 46:348-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Gomes S, Rodrigues G, Martins G, Henriques C, Silva J. In vitro evaluation of crosslinked electrospun fish gelatin scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Hah JS, Ryu J, Lee W, Jung CY, Lachaal M. The hepatocyte glucose-6-phosphatase subcomponent T3: its relationship to GLUT2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1564:198-206. [PMID: 12101013 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is a multiple protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that includes a mechanism (known as T3) for glucose exit from the ER to the cytosol. The molecular identity of T3 is not known. T3 has been shown to be functional in the absence of GLUT2, indicating that it is not GLUT2. Here we found a 55-kDa protein in high-density microsomal fraction (HDM) of rat hepatocytes that is recognized by polyclonal GLUT2 antibody raised against the GLUT2 C-terminal 14-amino-acid-sequence peptide. HDM contained calnexin but no integrin-beta1 or Na/K ATPase in Western blotting. Significant GLUT2 immunoreactivity was colocalized with colligin, an ER marker, in confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the 55-kDa protein in HDM was labeled with a covalently reactive, impermeable glucose transporter substrate, 1,3-bis-(3-deoxy-D-glucopyranose-3-yloxy)-2-propyl 4-benzoyl-benzoate (B3GL) when hepatocyte homogenates, but not intact cells, were labeled. In addition glucose efflux from HDM vesicles was sensitive to B3GL treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these findings, we suggest that T3 may be a novel facilitative glucose transporter that is highly homologous to GLUT2 in the C-terminal sequence, thus cross-reacting with the GLUT2 antibody. The finding will be useful in molecular identification and cloning of T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sik Hah
- The Biophysics Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lamandé SR, Bateman JF. Procollagen folding and assembly: the role of endoplasmic reticulum enzymes and molecular chaperones. Semin Cell Dev Biol 1999; 10:455-64. [PMID: 10597628 DOI: 10.1006/scdb.1999.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Procollagen assembly occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum, where the C-propeptide domains of three polypeptide alpha-chains fold individually, and then interact and trimerise to initiate folding of the triple helical region. This highly complex folding and assembly pathway requires the co-ordinated action of a large number of endoplasmic reticulum-resident enzymes and molecular chaperones. Disease-causing mutations in the procollagens disturb folding and assembly and lead to prolonged interactions with molecular chaperones, retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, and intracellular degradation. This review focuses predominantly on prolyl 1-hydroxylase, an essential collagen modifying enzyme, and HSP47, a collagen-specific binding protein, and their proposed roles as molecular chaperones involved in fibrillar procollagen folding and assembly, quality control, and secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Lamandé
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ball EH, Jain N, Sanwal BD. Colligin, a collagen binding serpin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 425:239-45. [PMID: 9433505 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5391-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E H Ball
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
gp46 is a collagen-binding heat-shock glycoprotein with a possible role in the biosynthesis of collagen as well as in cell differentiation and fusion. In this study, the relative levels of gp46 protein and its mRNA transcript were examined, as well as the mRNA levels of collagen types I and IV in first trimester and term human placental tissues. Western blot analysis revealed substantially higher levels of gp46 in first trimester placentae than in term placentae. Similarly, elevated levels of type IV collagen transcript were detected in first trimester relative to term issues. Interestingly, the levels of gp46 and type I collagen mRNA remained unchanged. Immunohistochemical analysis of first trimester tissues demonstrated intense gp46 staining in mononucleated villous and extravillous cytotrophoblasts, decidual cells and in the villous connective tissue stroma. Syncytiotrophoblast in the same tissues also exhibited gp46 staining but at a reduced intensity. In chronic villi of term placentae, faint gp46 staining was only observed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer. However, as in the first trimester placentae, intense labelling was evident in the extravillous cytotrophoblasts and decidual cells of these tissues. These results suggest a developmental regulation of gp46 expression at the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy and suggest a possible functional link between gp46 and collagen type IV. during gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Pak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pak BJ, Vanhorne JB, Pang SC. Tissue distribution and immunohistochemical localization of the collagen-binding heat-shock protein gp46 in neonatal rats. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1996; 28:895-902. [PMID: 9015711 DOI: 10.1007/bf02331393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-binding heat-shock proteins of M(r) 46-47 kDa have been postulated to function as putative molecular chaperones in the biosynthesis of collagen in several species. The rat homologue of this family of heat-shock proteins is called gp46. In the present study, we employed Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods to determine the tissue distribution and cellular localization of gp46 in the thoracic aorta, heart, kidney, liver and lung of eight-day-old Wistar rats. Highest levels of gp46 were detected in the thoracic aorta and lung, followed by the kidney and heart. Gp46 levels were low to undetectable by Western blot analysis in the liver. Immunohistochemistry revealed that gp46 labelling was observed almost exclusively in three distinct cell types: fibroblasts, muscle cells, and some epithelial cells. Gp46 was detected in the fibroblasts of the hepatic triad, in the interstitium of the alveolar wall and in the tunica adventitia of blood vessels in the majority of tissues examined, in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes, in vascular smooth muscle cells of the abluminal portion of the tunica media, in parietal epithelial cells and mesangial cells of the glomerulus, in epithelial cells of the distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney and clusters of immature renal tubules, in epithelial cells of the bile duct, and in mesodermal cells surrounding the liver. These results demonstrate that gp46 is present in collagen producing cells and cells undergoing rapid growth and development, suggesting that gp46 may play a significant role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Pak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pak BJ, Wigle DA, Watson JD, Cates GA, Brickenden AM, Ball EH, Pang SC. Developmental expression of the collagen-binding heat-shock protein GP46 and collagen types I and IV in rat tissues. Biochem Cell Biol 1996; 74:179-85. [PMID: 9213426 DOI: 10.1139/o96-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal expression of protein and mRNA encoding the collagen-binding heat-shock glycoprotein, gp46, were determined in the heart, kidney, and lung during early rat postnatal development. The steady-state levels of collagen types I and IV mRNA expression were also examined to determine if gp46 and these collagen types are co-regulated during ontogenesis. Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody to gp46 revealed that gp46 levels are developmentally regulated. In heart and kidney, gp46 levels were high on days 3 and 8, reduced significantly on day 25, and low to undetectable on day 69. Protein levels of gp46 in the lung exhibited a similar temporal pattern except on day 3, when very low levels of gp46 were detected. mRNA expression of gp46 during early postnatal development did not correlate with gp46 protein accumulation in these tissues, suggesting a complex pre- and post-translational regulatory scheme. In the heart, protein levels of gp46 correlated well with collagen type I alpha 1(I) mRNA expression but not with collagen type IV alpha 1(IV). In contrast, gp46 protein levels closely paralleled alpha 1(IV) expression in the kidney. Gp46 levels exhibited no apparent correlation with either alpha 1(I) or alpha 1(IV) levels in the lung. These results show that gp46 is developmentally regulated at both the protein and mRNA levels in a tissue specific manner. The relationship between gp46 and collagen alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(IV) chain mRNA expression also has been shown to be tissue specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Pak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu G, Gura T, Sabsay B, Sauk J, Dixit SN, Veis A. Endoplasmic reticulum protein Hsp47 binds specifically to the N-terminal globular domain of the amino-propeptide of the procollagen I alpha 1 (I)-chain. J Cell Biochem 1995; 59:350-67. [PMID: 8567753 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240590307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hsp47, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident heat shock protein in fibroblasts, has gelatin-binding properties. It had been hypothesized that it functions as a chaperone regulating procollagen chain folding and/or assembly, but the mechanism of the hsp47-procollagen I interaction was not clear. Hsp47 could bind to both denatured and native procollagen I. A series of competition studies were carried out in which various collagens and collagen domain peptides were incubated with 35[S]-methionine-labeled murine 3T6 cell lysates prior to mixing with gelatin-Sepharose 4B beads. The gelatin-bound proteins were collected and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Collagenase digested procollagen I had the same effect as denatured intact procollagen, indicating that the propeptides were the major interaction sites. The addition of intact pro alpha 1(I)-N-propeptide at 25 micrograms/ml completely inhibited hsp47 binding to the gelatin-Sepharose. Even the pentapeptide VPTDE, residues 86-90 of the pro alpha 1(I)-N-propeptide, inhibits hsp47-gelatin binding. These data implicating the pro alpha 1(I)-N-propeptide domain were confirmed by examination of polysome-associated pro alpha chains. The nascent pro alpha 1(I)-chains with intact N-propeptide regions could be precipitated by monoclonal hsp47 antibody 11D10, but could not be precipitated by monoclonal anti-pro alpha 1 (I)-N-propeptide antibody SP1.D8 unless dissociated from the hsp47. GST-fusion protein constructs of residues 23-108 (NP1), 23-151 (NP2), and 23-178 (NP3) within the pro alpha 1 (I)- N-propeptide were coupled to Sepharose 4B and used as affinity beads for collection of hsp47 from 3T6 cell lysates. NP1 and NP2 both showed strong specific binding for lysate hsp47. Finally, the interaction was studied in membrane-free in vitro cotranslation systems in which the complete pro alpha 1(I)- and pro alpha 2(I)-chain RNAs were translated alone and in mixtures with each other and with hsp47 RNA. There was no interaction evident between pro alpha 2(I)-chains and hsp47, whereas there was strong interaction between pro alpha 1(I)-chains and nascent hsp47. SP1.D8 could not precipitate pro alpha 1(I)-chains from the translation mix if nascent hsp47 was present. These data all suggest that if hsp47 has a "chaperone" role during procollagen chain processing and folding it performs this specific role via its preferential interaction with the pro alpha 1 (I) chain, and the pro alpha 1(I) amino-propeptide region in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hu
- Division of Oral Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jain N, Brickenden A, Lorimer I, Ball EH, Sanwal BD. Interaction of procollagen I and other collagens with colligin. Biochem J 1994; 304 ( Pt 1):61-8. [PMID: 7998958 PMCID: PMC1137452 DOI: 10.1042/bj3040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Colligin is a collagen-binding glycoprotein of molecular mass 46000 Da localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of diverse kinds of cells that produce collagen I. In order to help define its role in collagen biosynthesis and to study the interaction of colligin with procollagen I in detail, the binding characteristics of colligin purified from L6 myoblasts have been studied. A total of 3 mol were found to bind/mol of procollagen I, with a Kd of about 25 nM. Both pure and separated pro alpha 1(I) and procollagen alpha 2 (I) chains were able to compete with procollagen I for binding to colligin. However, colligin binds to pro alpha 2 (I) with higher affinity than to pro alpha 1 (I). To find if the binding activity of colligin was altered during purification, an assay to measure colligin binding to procollagen in crude myoblast cell extracts was developed. This procedure gave the same binding parameters as did the highly purified colligin. Among different collagen types, colligin was found to bind to collagen I and collagen IV, but not to collagen III. In order to examine whether glycosylation or phosphorylation of colligin were required for the binding of colligin to procollagen I and to obtain enough colligin for further studies, recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli. An immunoaffinity purification scheme was used to get virtually pure protein in milligram yields. Comparison of the recombinant colligin with that isolated from L6 myoblasts showed that both types existed in solution as monomers and dimers. In addition, both types of colligins showed identical properties with regard to their binding to procollagen I and the isolated pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains. Post-translational modifications of colligin were thus not essential for binding to procollagen I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clarke EP, Jain N, Brickenden A, Lorimer IA, Sanwal BD. Parallel regulation of procollagen I and colligin, a collagen-binding protein and a member of the serine protease inhibitor family. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1993; 121:193-9. [PMID: 8458868 PMCID: PMC2119767 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.121.1.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A potential regulatory linkage between the biosynthesis of colligin, a collagen-binding protein of the ER, and procollagen I was examined under a variety of experimental conditions. Cell lines which did not produce a significant amount of procollagen I mRNA also lacked the capacity to produce colligin mRNA. Anchorage-dependent cell lines like L6 myoblasts and normal rat kidney fibroblasts produced both colligin and procollagen I mRNA, but the level of both was concurrently reduced considerably in their ras-transformed counterparts. Similarly, during the differentiation of L6 myoblasts, levels of both colligin and procollagen declined together. Treatment of myoblasts by dexamethasone or EGF led to a decrease in the steady-state levels of procollagen I mRNA, and this was, again, accompanied by a decrease in colligin mRNA synthesis. On the other hand, when the rate of procollagen I synthesis was stimulated by treatment of myoblasts with TGF beta, it led to the concurrent augmentation of both the mRNA and protein levels of colligin. A linkage between the regulation of synthesis of procollagen I and colligin thus seems to exist. The only exception to this generalization is provided by the heat induction behavior of the two proteins. Treatment of myoblasts for a very short period leads to an increase in the synthesis of both the mRNA and protein levels of colligin. This, however, is not accompanied by a change in the mRNA levels of procollagen I. These studies establish that colligin and procollagen are generally tightly co-regulated except after heat shock, suggesting an important functional linkage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang S. Structure of the gene and its retinoic acid-regulatory region for murine J6 serpin. An F9 teratocarcinoma cell retinoic acid-inducible protein. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
15
|
A collagen-binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of myoblasts exhibits relationship with serine protease inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Cates GA. Analysis of the phosphorylation state of a collagen-binding heat-shock glycoprotein from L6 myoblasts by isoelectric focusing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1073:521-7. [PMID: 1849745 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(91)90225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A major collagen-binding glycoprotein from rat L6 skeletal myoblasts, designated gp46, is phosphorylated in vivo. In this report the relative phosphorylation state of gp46 was examined using isoelectric focusing to identify the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of gp46. Two major and one minor isoform of gp46 were identified that could be related to the phosphorylation state of gp46. The relative percentage of unphosphorylated to phosphorylated gp46 increased 10% in myoblasts heat-shocked at 42 degrees C for 24 h. Treatment of myoblasts with phorbol ester or dibutyryl-cAMP had no effect on the phosphorylation ratio of gp46. Transformation of L6 myoblasts with Rous sarcoma virus, likewise, had no effect on the phosphorylation ratio. However, ras-transformed L6 myoblasts showed a 12% increase in phosphorylation of gp46. These results indicate that gp46 does not undergo large changes in phosphorylation status. Pulse-chase labelling showed that the phosphorylation of gp46 occurred either co-translationally or soon after translation, suggesting that gp46 was phosphorylated by a constitutively active protein kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Cates
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vaillancourt JP, Cates GA. Purification and reconstitution of a collagen-binding heat-shock glycoprotein from L6 myoblasts. Biochem J 1991; 274 ( Pt 3):793-8. [PMID: 2012606 PMCID: PMC1149980 DOI: 10.1042/bj2740793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A major collagen-binding heat-shock glycoprotein from L6 myoblasts, designated gp46, was purified by gelatin-agarose chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. Purified gp46 was functionally active, as shown by its ability to rebind to gelatin-agarose, and was homogeneous as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. This is the first reported purification of myoblast gp46 in an active state. Triton X-100-soluble gp46 was found to bind preferentially to immobilized pepsin-treated type IV collagen compared with native type I collagen. gp46, reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles, retained collagen-binding activity. This activity could be destroyed by chemical modification with chloramine-T, but was decreased by only 20-30% following treatment with iodoacetamide or N-ethylmaleimide. Since gp46 is a heat-shock protein, we examined the possibility that it may confer protection on type I collagen from thermal denaturation at temperatures above its normal melting temperature of 41 degrees C. In the presence of gp46 liposomes the apparent melting temperature of type I collagen was marginally increased to 42 degrees C. This change was considered to be too small to be of physiological significance. We have therefore concluded that the role of gp46 in collagen metabolism is unlikely to be related to any thermal-stabilizing function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Vaillancourt
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nandan D, Clarke EP, Ball EH, Sanwal BD. Ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate inhibits myoblast differentiation: evidence for an essential role of collagen. J Cell Biol 1990; 110:1673-9. [PMID: 2159480 PMCID: PMC2200177 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.110.5.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the role of (pro)collagen synthesis in the differentiation of rat L6 skeletal myoblasts, a specific inhibitor of collagen synthesis, ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB), was utilized. It is shown that DHB reversibly inhibits both morphological and biochemical differentiation of myoblasts, if it is added to the culture medium before the cell alignment stage. The inhibition is alleviated partially by ascorbate, which along with alpha-ketoglutarate serves as cofactor for the enzyme, prolyl hydroxylase. DHB drastically decreases the secretion of procollagen despite an increase in the levels of the mRNA for pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains. Probably, the procollagen chains produced in the presence of DHB, being underhydroxylated, are unable to fold into triple helices and are consequently degraded in situ. Along with the inhibition of procollagen synthesis, DHB also decreases markedly the production of a collagen-binding glycoprotein (gp46) present in the ER. The results suggest that procollagen production and/or processing is needed as an early event in the differentiation pathway of myoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nandan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nandan D, Cates GA, Ball EH, Sanwal BD. Partial characterization of a collagen-binding, differentiation-related glycoprotein from skeletal myoblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 1990; 278:291-6. [PMID: 2158279 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A 46-kDa glycoprotein, gp46, which binds collagen has been purified to homogeneity from L6 rat skeletal myoblasts. The procedure involves extraction of crude myoblast membranes with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by concanavalin A affinity chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. The sequence of 15 N-terminal amino acids had some resemblance to a sequence in myosin light chains. The oligosaccharide chains of the glycoprotein can be released by treatment with endoglycosidase H, suggesting that gp46 has high-mannose type of glycans. Galactose and sialic acid are not detected in the purified protein. gp46 is widely distributed and conserved in different cell lines as determined by immunoblotting using a monoclonal anti-gp46 antibody. High levels of gp46 were found in several fibroblastic and myogenic cell lines, but not in a hematopoietic cell line. Undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells lacked gp46 but the glycoprotein was induced when the cells were made to differentiate in the presence of retinoic acid. Broad survey of gp46 in different cell lines also suggests that it is present mainly in those cell lines which attach to the substratum and produce collagens. Although the function of gp46 is not yet known, the evidence suggests that it is developmentally regulated and is probably involved in the synthesis or assembly of collagen in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nandan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- T Krieg
- Dermatologische Klinik, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, FRG
| | | |
Collapse
|