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Maestro MA, Seoane S. The Centennial Collection of VDR Ligands: Metabolites, Analogs, Hybrids and Non-Secosteroidal Ligands. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224927. [PMID: 36432615 PMCID: PMC9692999 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin D a century ago, a great number of metabolites, analogs, hybrids and nonsteroidal VDR ligands have been developed. An enormous effort has been made to synthesize compounds which present beneficial properties while attaining lower calcium serum levels than calcitriol. This structural review covers VDR ligands published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15005 Santiago, Spain
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Siddiqui MA, Al-Khawajah MM. Vitamin D3and psoriasis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639009086743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Bikle DD, Morrissey RL, Zolock DT, Rasmussen H. The intestinal response to vitamin D. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 89:63-142. [PMID: 7015459 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0035265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Okano M. Assessment of the clinical effect of topical tacalcitol on ichthyoses with retentive hyperkeratosis. Dermatology 2001; 202:116-8. [PMID: 11306831 DOI: 10.1159/000051609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical tacalcitol (1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3) has been demonstrated to produce beneficial clinical effects on epidermo-hyperproliferative disorders such as psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. However, the efficacy of the agent has not been elucidated in retentive hyperkeratotic disorders. OBJECTIVE The object of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy of topical tacalcitol against ichthyoses with retentive hyperkeratosis; X-linked ichthyosis (XLI), ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), and acquired ichthyosis (AI). METHODS Tacalcitol was topically applied on 9 patients with the retention ichthyoses, using a single-blinded, bilaterally paired approach with right-left comparison of tacalcitol and the base. RESULTS Clinical improvement obtained by topical tacalcitol exclusively was not superior to that of the vehicle alone in any of the ichthyotic patients. CONCLUSION Topical tacalcitol therapy was ineffective against ichthyoses without epidermal hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okano
- Department of Dermatology, Aizembashi Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Kobayashi N, Takama A, Shiomura K, Tabata Y, Takagi K, Shimada K. Production of a group-specific antibody to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its derivatives having the 1 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxylated A-ring structure. Steroids 1994; 59:404-11. [PMID: 7974524 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(94)90009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a group-specific antibody to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its derivatives having the 1 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxylated A-ring structure, 1 alpha-hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3-24-oic acid was synthesized as a haptenic derivative by a new convenient synthetic route. Three kinds of polyclonal antibodies were elicited in rabbits against the hapten conjugated with bovine serum albumin, and their specificity was examined by cross-reactivities in a radioimmunoassay procedure. One of the antibodies was found to show a suitable binding property by addition of a small amount of the plasma from vitamin D-deficient rats. Dose-response curves with measurable ranges applicable to biological specimens were obtained for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, (24R)-1 alpha,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, (23S,25R)-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone, and 22-oxacalcitriol by the radioimmunoassay system using this improved antibody. The antibody will be widely useful for developing profile analyses of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its derivatives (metabolites or synthetic analogs) having the 1 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxylated A-ring, as well as immunoassays measuring each of these secosterols individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Binderup L. Comparison of calcipotriol with selected metabolites and analogues of vitamin D3: effects on cell growth regulation in vitro and calcium metabolism in vivo. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1993; 72:240-4. [PMID: 8396769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcipotriol is a novel vitamin D3 analogue developed for topical treatment of psoriasis. Calcipotriol is believed to act via regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this respect calcipotriol is as potent as 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3, the physiologically active form of vitamin D3, but its calcaemic activity in vivo is 100 to 200 times lower. In the present investigation, the effects of calcipotriol on cell growth regulation in vitro and on calcium metabolism in vivo were compared to those exerted by a number of metabolites and analogues of vitamin D3. Besides 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3, these included the two physiologically occurring metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3, and the two synthetic analogues 1 alpha (OH)D3 and 1 alpha, 24(OH)2D3. 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were shown to be inactive both in vitro and in vivo. 1 alpha (OH)D3 was found to have a low biological activity in vitro, but was highly calcaemic in vivo after biotransformation to 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3. Calcipotriol, 1 alpha, 24(OH)2D3 and 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 were all three potent regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In vivo, only calcipotriol showed a greatly reduced calcaemic activity after both oral and intravenous administration. It is concluded that calcipotriol, with a reduced risk of inducing calcaemic side-effects upon absorption from the skin, possesses a favourable therapeutic profile for topical treatment of hyperproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Binderup
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Leo Pharmaceutical Products 55, Ballerup, Denmark
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Horiuchi H, Nagata I, Komoriya K. Protective effect of vitamin D3 analogues on endotoxin shock in mice. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1991; 33:343-8. [PMID: 1659158 DOI: 10.1007/bf01986584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vitamin D3 analogues on endotoxin shock in mice was investigated. Male ICR mice were orally administered vitamin D3 analogues or vehicle, accompanied by an intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (E. Coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 20 mg/kg). Endotoxin caused a decrease in survival rate in a time-dependent manner. Increases in plasma immunoreactive (i) eicosanoid and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also observed. Administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-OH-D3) improved the survival rate 24 to 48 h after endotoxin treatment. The effects were markedly observed at a dose of 20 ng/kg. In addition, 1 alpha-OH-D3 restored the plasma iTXB2 and hepatic MDA levels 8 h after endotoxin injection. However, it did not affect plasma iPGE2, i6-keto-PGF1 alpha and blood iLTB4 levels. At a dose of 20 ng/kg, both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) and 1,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,24(R)-(OH)2D3) restored the survival rate, the plasma iTXB2 and hepatic MDA levels. These results suggest that vitamin D3 analogues may inhibit endotoxemia through regulation of the formation of TXA2 and free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Horiuchi
- Pharmacological Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research II, Tokyo, Japan
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Kragballe K, Beck HI, Søgaard H. Improvement of psoriasis by a topical vitamin D3 analogue (MC 903) in a double-blind study. Br J Dermatol 1988; 119:223-30. [PMID: 3048369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kragballe
- Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ikekawa N. Structures and biological activities of vitamin D metabolites and their analogs. Med Res Rev 1987; 7:333-66. [PMID: 3306217 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610070304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Ostrem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
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Kato T, Rokugo M, Terui T, Tagami H. Successful treatment of psoriasis with topical application of active vitamin D3 analogue, 1 alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Br J Dermatol 1986; 115:431-3. [PMID: 3778812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We treated 11 psoriatic patients with topical 1 alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a new synthetic analogue of active vitamin D3. In 10 of 15 tests the lesions cleared completely within 1-4 weeks, although some relapses occurred shortly after cessation of treatment. There were no side-effects. We suggest that 1 alpha, 24(OH)2D3 merits further investigation as a potentially useful topical therapy for psoriasis.
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Kawashima H, Kurozumi S, Hashimoto Y. Aspirin inhibition of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone induced hypercalcemia in vivo in rats. A mechanism independent of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34:1901-6. [PMID: 4004906 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of calcium-regulating hormones, active forms of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone, and aspirin were studied in rats. Aspirin, a prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor, abolished the hypercalcemia induced by 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 at 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. in parathyroidectomized or thyroparathyroidectomized rats with or without vitamin D deficiency, and in thyroparathyroidectomized plus nephrectomized rats. Aspirin did not affect the stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption by 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. By contrast, indomethacin, another prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor, did not affect hypercalcemia or stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption by 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. Aspirin also abolished the hypercalcemic action of parathyroid hormone in rats with or without intact thyroparathyroid glands. Moreover, aspirin alone caused hypocalcemia in rats with intact thyroparathyroid glands. Indomethacin had no effect in either of these systems. These data suggest that aspirin may inhibit bone resorption by the active form of vitamin D or parathyroid hormone via a mechanism independent of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition.
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Matsui T, Nakao Y, Kobayashi N, Kishihara M, Ishizuka S, Watanabe S, Fujita T. Phenotypic differentiation-linked growth inhibition in human leukemia cells by active vitamin D3 analogues. Int J Cancer 1984; 33:193-202. [PMID: 6319301 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910330207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Active vitamin D3 induced phenotypic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, cultured in serum-free medium. Upon exposure to 10(-10)-10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3, 1,24S-(OH)2D3 or 1,24R(OH)2D3, monocyte-granulocyte-associated plasma membrane antigens of HL-60 cells detected by monoclonal antibodies, OKMI, 63D3 and Mo2, quantitated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, were increased time- and dose-dependently. After expose to 1,25-(OH)2D3, promotion of this antigenic expression was detected within 16 h, and the induction of differentiation continued until 96 h. The number of cells bearing transferrin receptors recognized by the monoclonal antibody, OKT9, and its density on the surface of HL-60 cells were decreased symmetrically. These effects appeared in parallel with the inhibition of cell growth, poly(ADP-ribose) content and de novo DNA-RNA synthesis. These findings indicate that 1,24S-(OH)2D3 stimulates differentiating induction of HL-60 like 1,25-(OH)2D3 in vitro and that the decrease of transferrin receptor is apparently correlated with the inhibition of proliferation.
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Ishizuka S, Bannai K, Norman AW. The 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 24-hydroxyvitamin D3 by chick kidney homogenates. Arch Biochem Biophys 1983; 225:986-92. [PMID: 6625620 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tritium-labeled 24(R)-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24(S)-hydroxyvitamin D3 were chemically synthesized and the 1 alpha-hydroxylation of these compounds by chick kidney homogenates was studied. A marked stereospecific preference with regard to the orientation of the hydroxyl functionality on carbon-24 was noted: while the 24(R)-epimer could be 1 alpha-hydroxylated in readily detectable amounts, the 24(S)-epimer was not hydroxylated. Thus, 1.2 micrograms of 1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was isolated and its structure confirmed by mass spectrometry. The relative rate of 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 125 nM substrate tritiated 24(R)-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (the presumed natural substrate for the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase) was 1:6.7.
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Abstract
Many analogues of vitamin D metabolites including stereochemical isomers and fluorine substituents were synthesized, and their biological activities were determined by in vitro and in vivo assays. Among those analogues, 24,24-F2-1,25-(OH)2D3 and 26,26,26,27,27,27-F6-1,25-(OH)2D3 are more active than the most potent naturally occurring vitamin D3 metabolite, 1,25-(OH)2D3.
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Ishizuka S, Bannai K, Naruchi T, Hashimoto Y. Studies on the mechanism of action of 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3. III. The specific binding of 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the receptor of chick parathyroid gland. Steroids 1982; 39:53-62. [PMID: 6281950 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(82)90125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Three protein fractions of the cytosol of the chick parathyroid glands, which had the sedimentation constants of 2.5 S, 3.7 S and 5.5 S, were found to bind with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Among these proteins, the 3.7 S protein was assumed to be the specific receptor protein. The 3.7 S receptor protein was also capable of binding to 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 but not 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The binding affinity of 1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the 3.7 S receptor protein was estimated to be 1.2 times greater than that of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, while 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 bound to the receptor protein about 10 times stronger than 1 alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The dissociation constant for the receptor-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 complex at 0 degrees C was 2.7 x 10(-11) M, the dissociation constants were calculated to be 2.2 x 10(-11) M and 2.6 x 10(-10) M for the complexes with 1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
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Ishizuka S, Bannai K, Naruchi T, Hashimoto Y. Studies on the mechanism of action of 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3. II. Specific binding of alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to chick intestinal receptor. Steroids 1981; 37:33-43. [PMID: 6261424 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(81)90005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The binding of vitamin D3 analogues to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor was studied. In intestinal cytosol fraction, receptor proteins having the sedimentation constant of 2.5 S and 3.7 S to which 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds were present, and the latter was specific for the compound. The binding of 1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the receptor was also observed, while very weak binding was seen in the case of 24(R)25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The binding affinity of 1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the 3.7 S receptor was 1.3 times as high as that of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, whereas those of 1 alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were 10, 304 and 652 times lower than 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, respectively. The dissociation constant of the receptor-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 complex at 0 degrees C was 3.0 x 10(-11) M, and the dissociation constants were calculated to be 2.4 x 10(-11) M and 2.7 x 10(-10) M for the complexes with 1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3, respectively.
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Wecksler WR, Norman AW. Biochemical properties of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptors. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 13:977-89. [PMID: 7007738 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(80)90173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chapter 30. Vitamin D Metabolites and Their Analogs. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Siebert PD, Ohnuma N, Norman AW. Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. XIX. A 24R-hydroxyl-group can replace the 25-hydroxyl-group of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for optimal binding to the chick intestinal receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 91:827-34. [PMID: 526286 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ishizuka S, Bannai K, Naruchi T, Hashimoto Y. Intrinsic biological activities by 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 90:904-10. [PMID: 508353 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Napoli JL, Mellon WS, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF. Evidence for the metabolism of 24R-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 and 1alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 to 1alpha,24R-dihydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 197:193-8. [PMID: 232397 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kawashima H, Hoshina K, Saitoh N, Hashimoto Y, Ishimoto S, Noguchi T, Orimo H. Effect and metabolism of 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in hepatectomized rats. FEBS Lett 1979; 104:367-70. [PMID: 478000 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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DeLuca HF. Recent advances in our understanding of the vitamin D endocrine system. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 11:35-52. [PMID: 226791 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(79)90275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Napoli J, Mellon W, Fivizzani M, Schnoes H, DeLuca H. Synthesis and biological activity of 24-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3. A highly potent mediator of calcium metabolism. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kobayashi Y, Taguchi T, Terada T, Oshida JI, Morisaki M, Ikekawa N. Synthesis of 24,24-difluoro- and 24ξ-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Tetrahedron Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Napoli JL, Fivizzani MA, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF. 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3: a potent analogue of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochemistry 1978; 17:2387-92. [PMID: 678516 DOI: 10.1021/bi00605a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 was compared to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for potency in the chick intestinal cytosol-binding protein assay, induction of intestinal calcium transport, mobilization of calcium from bone, and epiphyseal plate calcification in the rat. The 25-fluorinated analogue causes 50% displacement of 1,25-dihydroxy[23,24-3H]D3 at 1.8 X 10(-8) M in the competitive protein-binding assay, whereas only 5.6 X 10(-11) M of unlabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is needed for equal competition. This 315-fold difference between and 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 indicates that the fluoro analogue is about equipotent with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the protein-binding assay. However, 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 is 1/50 as active as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo in the stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in vitamin D deficient rats on a low-calcium diet. Likewise, 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 is about 40 times less active than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inducing endochondrial calcification in rachitic rats. No selective actions of 1alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 were noted. Since the 25 position of the analogue is blocked by a fluorine atom, it appears that 25-hydroxylation of 1 alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D compounds in vivo is not an obligatory requirement for appreciable vitamin D activity.
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