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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Vučković F, Pribić T, Vilaj M, Černigoj U, Vidič J, Šimunović J, Kępka A, Kolčić I, Klarić L, Novokmet M, Pučić-Baković M, Rapp E, Štrancar A, Polašek O, Wilson JF, Lauc G. Comparative analysis of transferrin and IgG N-glycosylation in two human populations. Commun Biol 2023; 6:312. [PMID: 36959410 PMCID: PMC10036557 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasma transferrin (Tf) N-glycosylation has been mostly studied as a marker for congenital disorders of glycosylation, alcohol abuse, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, inter-individual variability of Tf N-glycosylation is not known, mainly due to technical limitations of Tf isolation in large-scale studies. Here, we present a highly specific robust high-throughput approach for Tf purification from human blood plasma and detailed characterization of Tf N-glycosylation on the level of released glycans by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography based on hydrophilic interactions and fluorescence detection (HILIC-UHPLC-FLD), exoglycosidase sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We perform a large-scale comparative study of Tf and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation analysis in two human populations and demonstrate that Tf N-glycosylation is associated with age and sex, along with multiple biochemical and physiological traits. Observed association patterns differ compared to the IgG N-glycome corroborating tissue-specific N-glycosylation and specific N-glycans' role in their distinct physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tea Pribić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Vilaj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Urh Černigoj
- BIA Separations d.o.o., a Sartorius company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Jana Vidič
- BIA Separations d.o.o., a Sartorius company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | | | - Agnieszka Kępka
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- BIA Separations d.o.o., a Sartorius company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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A Structural-Reporter Group to Determine the Core Conformation of Sialyl Lewisx Mimetics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062595. [PMID: 36985569 PMCID: PMC10054758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The d-GlcNAc moiety in sialyl Lewisx (sLex, 1) acts predominantly as a linker to position the d-Gal and the l-Fuc moieties in the bioactive spatial orientation. The hypothesis has been made that the NHAc group of GlcNAc pushes the fucose underneath the galactose and, thus, contributes to the stabilization of the bioactive conformation of the core of sLex (1). To test this hypothesis, GlcNAc mimetics consisting of (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediols substituted with alkyl and aryl substituents adjacent to the linking position of the fucose moiety were synthesized. To explore a broad range of extended and spatially demanding R-groups, an enzymatic approach for the synthesis of 3-alkyl/aryl-1,2-cyclohexanediols (3b-n) was applied. These cyclohexanediol derivatives were incorporated into the sLex mimetics 2b-n. For analyzing the relationship of affinity and core conformation, a 1H NMR structural-reporter-group concept was applied. Thus, the chemical shift of H-C5Fuc proved to be a sensitive indicator for the degree of pre-organization of the core of this class of sLex mimetics and therefore could be used to quantify the contribution of the R-groups.
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3
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Li G, Phetsanthad A, Ma M, Yu Q, Nair A, Zheng Z, Ma F, DeLaney K, Hong S, Li L. Native Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry-Enabled Fast Structural Interrogation of Labile Protein Surface Modifications at the Intact Protein Level. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2142-2153. [PMID: 35050568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein sialylation has been closely linked to many diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is also broadly implicated in therapeutics operating in a pattern-dependent (e.g., Neu5Ac vs Neu5Gc) manner. However, how the sialylation pattern affects the AD-associated, transferrin-assisted iron/Aβ cellular uptake process remains largely ill-defined. Herein, we report the use of native ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS)-based fast structural probing methodology, enabling well-controlled, synergistic, and in situ manipulation of mature glycoproteins and attached sialic acids. IM-MS-centered experiments enable the combinatorial interrogation of sialylation effects on Aβ cytotoxicity and the chemical, conformational, and topological stabilities of transferrin. Cell viability experiments suggest that Neu5Gc replacement enhances the transferrin-assisted, iron loading-associated Aβ cytotoxicity. Native gel electrophoresis and IM-MS reveal that sialylation stabilizes transferrin conformation but inhibits its dimerization. Collectively, IM-MS is adapted to capture key sialylation intermediates involved in fine-tuning AD-associated glycoprotein structural microheterogeneity. Our results provide the molecular basis for the importance of sustaining moderate TF sialylation levels, especially Neu5Ac, in promoting iron cellular transportation and rescuing iron-enhanced Aβ cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyu Li
- Research Center for Analytical Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fengfei Ma
- Protein Sciences, Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Chao Q, Ding Y, Chen ZH, Xiang MH, Wang N, Gao XD. Recent Progress in Chemo-Enzymatic Methods for the Synthesis of N-Glycans. Front Chem 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32612979 PMCID: PMC7309569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is one of the most common co- and post-translational modifications of both intra- and extracellularly distributing proteins, which directly affects their biological functions, such as protein folding, stability and intercellular traffic. Production of the structural well-defined homogeneous N-glycans contributes to comprehensive investigation of their biological roles and molecular basis. Among the various methods, chemo-enzymatic approach serves as an alternative to chemical synthesis, providing high stereoselectivity and economic efficiency. This review summarizes some recent advances in the chemo-enzymatic methods for the production of N-glycans, including the preparation of substrates and sugar donors, and the progress in the glycosyltransferases characterization which leads to the diversity of N-glycan synthesis. We discuss the bottle-neck and new opportunities in exploiting the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of N-glycans based on our research experiences. In addition, downstream applications of the constructed N-glycans, such as automation devices and homogeneous glycoproteins synthesis are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lim B, Kydd L, Jaworski J. A Peptide-Lectin Fusion Strategy for Developing a Glycan Probe for Use in Various Assay Formats. CHEMOSENSORS 2019; 7. [PMID: 32793433 PMCID: PMC7423246 DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While nucleic acid and protein analysis approaches continue to see significant breakthroughs, analytical strategies for glycan determination have by comparison seen slower technological advances. Here we provide a strategy for glycan probe development using an engineered lectin fusion that can be incorporated into various common pathology lab assay formats including Western blot and agglutination assays. In this proof of concept, we use the natural lectin, Pseudomonas fluorescens agglutinin (PFA), capable of binding core Man alpha(1-3)-Man alpha(1-6)-Man units, where this lectin has previously been shown to bind to the glycans presented by the gp120 coat protein of (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In our strategy, we engineered the lectin to possess a fusion of the biotin mimetic tag equence of amino acids V-S-H-P-Q-A-P-F. With the glycan receptive PFA directly linked to the biotin mimic, we could facilitate a probe for various standard clinical assay formats by virtue of coupling to streptavidin-HRP (horseradish peroxidase) or streptavidin beads for Western blot and agglutination assays respectively. We found the PFA fusion retained low nanomolar affinity for gp120 by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and microscale thermophoresis. This probe engineering strategy proved effective in the relevant assay formats that may now allow detection for the presence of glycans containing the core Man alpha(1-3)-Man alpha(1-6)-Man units recognized by PFA.
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Kizuka Y, Nakano M, Yamaguchi Y, Nakajima K, Oka R, Sato K, Ren CT, Hsu TL, Wong CH, Taniguchi N. An Alkynyl-Fucose Halts Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting GDP-Fucose-Synthesizing Enzyme FX, TSTA3. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1467-1478.e5. [PMID: 29033318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylation is a glycan modification critically involved in cancer and inflammation. Although potent fucosylation inhibitors are useful for basic and clinical research, only a few inhibitors have been developed. Here, we focus on a fucose analog with an alkyne group, 6-alkynyl-fucose (6-Alk-Fuc), which is used widely as a detection probe for fucosylated glycans, but is also suggested for use as a fucosylation inhibitor. Our glycan analysis using lectin and mass spectrometry demonstrated that 6-Alk-Fuc is a potent and general inhibitor of cellular fucosylation, with much higher potency than the existing inhibitor, 2-fluoro-fucose (2-F-Fuc). The action mechanism was shown to deplete cellular GDP-Fuc, and the direct target of 6-Alk-Fuc is FX (encoded by TSTA3), the bifunctional GDP-Fuc synthase. We also show that 6-Alk-Fuc halts hepatoma invasion. These results highlight the unappreciated role of 6-Alk-Fuc as a fucosylation inhibitor and its potential use for basic and clinical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Division of Clinical Research Promotion and Support, Center for Research Promotion, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Disease Glycomics Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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7
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Glycan profiling of proteins using lectin binding by Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Biochem 2017; 538:53-63. [PMID: 28947169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycan profiling of proteins was studied through their lectin binding activity by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). To validate the method, we monitored specific lectin binding with sequential removal of sugar moieties from human transferrin using specific glycosidases. The results clearly indicated that glycans on the protein can be identified by their selective binding activity to various lectins. Using this method, we characterized Fc glycosylation profiles of therapeutic peptibodies and antibodies expressed in mammalian cells (CHO and HEK 293 6E cells), with E. coli expressed proteins as the negative controls. We observed that antibodies expressed in CHO cells did not contain any sialic acid, while antibodies expressed in 293 6E cells contained sialic acid. CHO cell expressed antibodies were also more heavily fucosylated than the ones expressed by 293 6E cells. We further applied this method to measure the fucose composition of glycan engineered mouse antibodies, as well as to determine mannose composition of human antibody variants with depletion or enrichment of high mannose. The glycan profiles generated using this method were comparable to results from 2-AB labeled glycan analysis of normal-phase separated glycans, and Fc gamma receptor binding activity of the glycan engineered antibodies were consistent with their glycan profiles. Hence, we demonstrated that SPR lectin binding analysis can be a quick alternative method to profile protein glycosylation.
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8
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Gagarinov IA, Li T, Toraño JS, Caval T, Srivastava AD, Kruijtzer JAW, Heck AJR, Boons GJ. Chemoenzymatic Approach for the Preparation of Asymmetric Bi-, Tri-, and Tetra-Antennary N-Glycans from a Common Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1011-1018. [PMID: 28002670 PMCID: PMC5461401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Progress in glycoscience is hampered by a lack of well-defined complex oligosaccharide standards that are needed to fabricate the next generation of microarrays, to develop analytical protocols to determine exact structures of isolated glycans, and to elucidate pathways of glycan biosynthesis. We describe here a chemoenzymatic methodology that makes it possible, for the first time, to prepare any bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary asymmetric N-glycan from a single precursor. It is based on the chemical synthesis of a tetra-antennary glycan that has N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), and unnatural Galα(1,4)-GlcNAc and Manβ(1,4)-GlcNAc appendages. Mammalian glycosyltransferases recognize only the terminal LacNAc moiety as a substrate, and thus this structure can be uniquely extended. Next, the β-GlcNAc terminating antenna can be converted into LacNAc by galactosylation and can then be enzymatically modified into a complex structure. The unnatural α-Gal and β-Man terminating antennae can sequentially be decaged by an appropriate glycosidase to liberate a terminal β-GlcNAc moiety, which can be converted into LacNAc and then elaborated by a panel of glycosyltransferases. Asymmetric bi- and triantennary glycans could be obtained by removal of a terminal β-GlcNAc moiety by treatment with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and selective extension of the other arms. The power of the methodology is demonstrated by the preparation of an asymmetric tetra-antennary N-glycan found in human breast carcinoma tissue, which represents the most complex N-glycan ever synthesized. Multistage mass spectrometry of the two isomeric triantennary glycans uncovered unique fragment ions that will facilitate identification of exact structures of glycans in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Gagarinov
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomislav Caval
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Apoorva D. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John A. W. Kruijtzer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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9
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Lowenthal MS, Davis KS, Formolo T, Kilpatrick LE, Phinney KW. Identification of Novel N-Glycosylation Sites at Noncanonical Protein Consensus Motifs. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2087-101. [PMID: 27246700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation of proteins is well known to occur at asparagine residues that fall within the canonical consensus sequence N-X-S/T but has also been identified at a small number of asparagine residues within N-X-C motifs, including the N491 residue of human serotransferrin. Here we report novel glycosylation sites within noncanonical consensus motifs, in the conformation N-X-C, based on mass spectrometry analysis of partially deglycosylated glycopeptide targets. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AG) and serotransferrin (Tf) were observed for the first time to be N-glycosylated on asparagine residues within a total of six unique noncanonical motifs. N-glycosylation was initially predicted in silico based on the evolutionary conservation of the N-X-C motif among related mammalian species and demonstrated experimentally in A1AG from porcine, canine, and feline sources and in human serotransferrin. High-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to collect fragmentation data of predicted GlcNAcylated peptides and to assign modification sites within N-X-C motifs. A combination of targeted analytical techniques that includes complementary mass spectrometry platforms, enzymatic digestions, and partial-deglycosylation procedures was developed to confirm the novel observations. Additionally, we found that A1AG in porcine and canine sources is highly N-glycosylated at a noncanonical motif (N-Q-C) based on semiquantitative multiple reaction monitoring analysis-the first report of an N-X-C motif exhibiting substantial N-glycosylation. Although reports of N-X-C motif N-glycosylation are relatively uncommon in the literature, this work adds to a growing list of glycoproteins reported with glycosylation at various forms of noncanonical motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Lowenthal
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kiersta S Davis
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Trina Formolo
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lisa E Kilpatrick
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Karen W Phinney
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Leunissen EHP, Nair AV, Büll C, Lefeber DJ, van Delft FL, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. The epithelial calcium channel TRPV5 is regulated differentially by klotho and sialidase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29238-46. [PMID: 23970553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 5 (TRPV5) Ca(2+) channel facilitates transcellular Ca(2+) transport in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney. The channel is glycosylated with a complex type N-glycan and it has been postulated that hydrolysis of the terminal sialic acid(s) stimulate TRPV5 activity. The present study delineates the role of the N-glycan in TRPV5 activity using biochemical assays in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells expressing TRPV5, isoelectric focusing and total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy. The anti-aging hormone klotho and other glycosidases stimulate TRPV5-dependent Ca(2+) uptake. Klotho was found to increase the plasma membrane stability of TRPV5, via the TRPV5 N-glycan. Sialidase mimicked this stimulatory action. However, this effect was independent of the N-glycosylation state of TRPV5, since the N-glycosylation mutant (TRPV5(N358Q)) was activated to the same extent. We showed that the increased TRPV5 activity after sialidase treatment is caused by inhibition of lipid raft-mediated internalization. In addition, sialidase modified the N-glycan of transferrin, a model glycoprotein, differently from klotho. Previous studies showed that after klotho treatment, galectin-1 binds the TRPV5 N-glycan and thereby increases TRPV5 activity. However, galectin-3, but not galectin-1, was expressed in the DCT. Furthermore, an increase in TRPV5-mediated Ca(2+) uptake was detected after galectin-3 treatment. In conclusion, two distinct TRPV5 stimulatory mechanisms were demonstrated; a klotho-mediated effect that is dependent on the N-glycan of TRPV5 and a sialidase-mediated stimulation that is lipid raft-dependent and independent of the N-glycan of TRPV5.
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11
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Wang Z, Chinoy ZS, Ambre SG, Peng W, McBride R, de Vries RP, Glushka J, Paulson JC, Boons GJ. A general strategy for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of asymmetrically branched N-glycans. Science 2013; 341:379-83. [PMID: 23888036 DOI: 10.1126/science.1236231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A systematic, efficient means of producing diverse libraries of asymmetrically branched N-glycans is needed to investigate the specificities and biology of glycan-binding proteins. To that end, we describe a core pentasaccharide that at potential branching positions is modified by orthogonal protecting groups to allow selective attachment of specific saccharide moieties by chemical glycosylation. The appendages were selected so that the antenna of the resulting deprotected compounds could be selectively extended by glycosyltransferases to give libraries of asymmetrical multi-antennary glycans. The power of the methodology was demonstrated by the preparation of a series of complex oligosaccharides that were printed as microarrays and screened for binding to lectins and influenza-virus hemagglutinins, which showed that recognition is modulated by presentation of minimal epitopes in the context of complex N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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12
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Manri N, Satake H, Kaneko A, Hirabayashi A, Baba T, Sakamoto T. Glycopeptide Identification Using Liquid-Chromatography-Compatible Hot Electron Capture Dissociation in a Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole Ion Trap. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2056-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301834t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Manri
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601,
Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satake
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601,
Japan
| | - Akihito Kaneko
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601,
Japan
| | - Atsumu Hirabayashi
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601,
Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Central Research
Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601,
Japan
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13
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Landberg E, Åström E, Kågedal B, Påhlsson P. Disialo-trisialo bridging of transferrin is due to increased branching and fucosylation of the carbohydrate moiety. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 414:58-64. [PMID: 22902807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is used for detection of alcohol abuse and follow-up. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of transferrin glycoforms is highly specific for identification of alcohol abuse, but unresolved disialo- and trisialotransferrin glycoforms sometimes makes interpretation difficult. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown, cannot be explained by genetic variants of transferrin, but seems to be associated with liver disease. METHODS Nineteen serum samples showing di-tri bridging when analyzed by HPLC were collected. Transferrin was purified by affinity chromatography, and N-linked oligosaccharides were released enzymatically. The N-glycans were further analyzed by high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS The HPLC-analysis showed three different types of glycoform patterns. The N-glycans from fifteen samples showed patterns with increased number of triantennary structures containing one or two fucose residues. One sample contained an increased amount of triantennary glycans without fucose. Three samples showed a glycosylation pattern similar to normal transferrin. CONCLUSIONS The di-tri bridging phenomenon was associated with alterations in transferrin glycosylation in the majority of cases. Transferrin contained a higher extent of triantennary and often fucosylated N-linked oligosaccharides. These results may be important in future diagnostic approaches to liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Landberg
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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14
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Brown KJ, Vanderver A, Hoffman EP, Schiffmann R, Hathout Y. Characterization of Transferrin Glycopeptide Structures in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 312:97-106. [PMID: 22408387 PMCID: PMC3293479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exists as a mixture of silao and asialo glycoforms believed to originate from liver and brain respectively. We have previously shown that alteration in the asialo glycoform pattern could be an indication of certain anomalies in the central nervous system. Additionally, CSF asialo-transferrin has been shown to be a reliable marker to assess cerebrospinal leakage in head trauma. Therefore, the CSF transferrin glycoform pattern could be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool. In this study we sought to characterize, in-depth, the transferrin glycovariants in cerebrospinal fluid using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high precision mass spectrometry analysis. Cerebrospinal fluid transferrin was detected as multiple spots (seven major spots) with different isoelectric points and slight shift in apparent molecular mass. High resolution (>60,000) and high accuracy (< 3 ppm error) mass spectrometry analysis revealed that each spot had a unique glycopeptide signature. MS(n) analysis enabled characterization of the glycan structure directly from the in-gel digested spots. The multiple spots detected for cerebrospinal fluid transferrin were mainly due to heterogeneity of di-antennary and tri-antennary glycans harboring a varying number of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acids and the existence of a high mannose and high N-acetylhexosamine glycosylated species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Hôpital de la Salpetriere, Paris, France
- Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX
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15
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Yoshimura T, Yamada G, Narumi M, Koike T, Ishii A, Sela I, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Ikenaka K. Detection of N-glycans on small amounts of glycoproteins in tissue samples and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 2012; 423:253-60. [PMID: 22369894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycans harbored on glycoproteins profoundly affect the character of proteins by altering their structure or capacity to bind to other molecules. Specific knowledge of the role of N-glycans in these changes is limited due to difficulties in identifying precise carbohydrate structures on a given glycoprotein, which arises from the large amounts of glycoprotein required for N-glycan structural determination. Here, we refined a simple method to purify and detect trace amounts of N-glycans. During the N-glycan purification step, most contaminants were removed by two kinds of columns: a graphite carbon column and a cellulose column. N-Glycans were identified with a three-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Using our method, a global analysis of N-glycans from human muscle biopsy samples and mouse brain sections was possible. By combining sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with our method, we refined analytical procedures for N-glycans from SDS-PAGE gels using hydrazinolysis to achieve a high N-glycan recovery rate. N-Glycans on as little as 1 μg of the target protein transferrin or immunoglobulin G (IgG) were easily detected. These methods allowed us to efficiently determine glycoprotein N-glycans at picomole (pmol) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshimura
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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16
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Chachadi VB, Inamdar SR, Yu LG, Rhodes JM, Swamy BM. Exquisite binding specificity of Sclerotium rolfsii lectin toward TF-related O-linked mucin-type glycans. Glycoconj J 2011; 28:49-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-011-9323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Levander L, Gunnarsson P, Grenegård M, Rydén I, Påhlsson P. Effects of α1-acid Glycoprotein Fucosylation on its Ca2+Mobilizing Capacity in Neutrophils. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:412-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Strategic glycan elution map for the production of human-type N-linked oligosaccharides: the case of hen egg yolk and white. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:543-51. [PMID: 19270371 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in various biological phenomena, but the lack of a systematic procedure for producing complex structures of glycans severely restricts their application in the medical and industrial fields. In this paper, we propose a basic strategy for the preparation of substantial amounts (>100 mg) of N-linked oligosaccharides, where the structure of each glycan is mapped with its elution position in liquid chromatography as well as the empirical yield. In model experiments using hen egg white and yolk as starting materials, the former provided a series of agalactosylated complex-type and hybrid-type N-linked oligosaccharides containing bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in addition to two high-mannose type glycans. In contrast, egg yolk gave predominantly alpha2-6sialylated biantennary glycans together with a high-mannose type one, reflecting the difference in the origins of the tissues. Due to the total identity of the glycans obtained to human ones, the present strategy should provide a practical scheme for the production of human-type N-linked oligosaccharides.
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19
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Grabenhorst E, Hoffman A, Nimtz M, Zettlmeissl G, Conradt HS. Construction of Stable BHK-21 Cells Coexpressing Human Secretory Glycoproteins and Human Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc-R α2,6-Sialyltransferase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0718a.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Suzuki S, Fujimori T, Yodoshi M. Recovery of free oligosaccharides from derivatives labeled by reductive amination. Anal Biochem 2006; 354:94-103. [PMID: 16701074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined chemical regeneration of free oligosaccharides from their fluorescent derivatives prepared by reductive amination with various aromatic amines. Maltose derivatives of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (p-ABEE), 2-aminobenzonitrile (o-ABN), 4-aminobenzonitrile (p-ABN), 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), 2-aminobenzoic acid (o-ABA), 2-aminobenzamide (o-ABAD), 2-aminopyridine (AP), and 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (ANTS) were incubated at 30 degrees C with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid. Recoveries of maltose from p-ABEE, p-ABN, and AMC derivatives were fairly good and gave approximately 90% of maltose. Recoveries of maltose from its o-substituted aniline (o-ABA, o-ABAD, and o-ABN) derivatives were 5-40%, but maltose was unrecoverable from AP and ANTS derivatives. Nevertheless, prior treatment of an AP derivative with cyanogen bromide enabled the regeneration of maltose in high yields. As an application, p-ABEE-labeled N-glycans from some glycoproteins separated on an amide column were identified by converting peak components to their AP derivatives via free saccharides and following mapping by reversed-phase chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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21
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Kamoda S, Nakano M, Ishikawa R, Suzuki S, Kakehi K. Rapid and sensitive screening of N-glycans as 9-fluorenylmethyl derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography: a method which can recover free oligosaccharides after analysis. J Proteome Res 2005; 4:146-52. [PMID: 15707369 DOI: 10.1021/pr049825o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are a large number of labeling methods for asparagine-type oligosaccharides with fluorogenic and chromophoric reagents. We have to choose the most appropriate labeling method based on the purposes such as mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Asparagine-type glycans are released from core proteins as N-glycosylamine at the initial step of the releasing reaction when glycoamidase F is employed as the enzyme. The N-glycosylamine-type oligosaccharides thus released by the enzyme are subjected to hydrolysis or mutarotation to form free-form oligosaccharides. In the detailed studies on the enzyme reaction, we found a condition in which the released N-glycosylamine-type oligosaccharides were exclusively present at least during the course of enzyme reaction, and developed a method for in situ derivatization of the glycosylamine-type oligosaccharides with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). The Fmoc labeled sialo- and asialo- (or high-mannose and hybrid) oligosaccharides were successfully analyzed on an amine-bonded polymer column and amide-silica column, respectively. The present method showed approximately 5 times higher sensitivities than that using 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA). The separation profile was similar to that observed using 2-AA method as examined by the analyses of carbohydrate chains derived from several glycoproteins including complex-type, high-mannose type and hybrid type of N-linked oligosaccharides. The labeled oligosaccharides were stable at least for several months when stored at -20 degrees C. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the Fmoc-derivatized oligosaccharides could be easily recovered as free reducing oligosaccharides simply by incubation with morpholine in dimethylformamide solution. We obtained a pure triantennary oligosaccharide with 3 sialic acid residues as a free reducing form from fetuin in good yield after isolation of the corresponding Fmoc oligosaccharide followed by removing reaction of the Fmoc group. The proposed method will be useful for preparation of free oligosaccharides as standard samples at pmol-nmol scale from commercially available glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kamoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
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22
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Sturiale L, Barone R, Fiumara A, Perez M, Zaffanello M, Sorge G, Pavone L, Tortorelli S, O'Brien JF, Jaeken J, Garozzo D. Hypoglycosylation with increased fucosylation and branching of serum transferrin N-glycans in untreated galactosemia. Glycobiology 2005; 15:1268-76. [PMID: 16037488 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated classic galactosemia (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase [GALT] deficiency) is known as a secondary congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) characterized by galactose deficiency of glycoproteins and glycolipids (processing defect or CDG-II). The mechanism of this undergalactosylation has not been established. Here we show that in untreated galactosemia, there is also a partial deficiency of whole glycans of serum transferrin associated with increased fucosylation and branching as seen in genetic glycosylation assembly defects (CDG-I). Thus galactosemia seems to be a secondary "dual" CDG causing a processing as well as an assembly N-glycosylation defect. We also demonstrated that in galactosemia patients, transferrin N-glycan biosynthesis is restored upon dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sturiale
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnolgia dei Polimeri, CNA, Viale Regina Margherita 6, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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23
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Müthing J, Meisen I, Kniep B, Haier J, Senninger N, Neumann U, Langer M, Witthohn K, Milosević J, Peter-Katalinić J. Tumor-associated CD75s gangliosides and CD75s-bearing glycoproteins with Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-residues are receptors for the anticancer drug rViscumin. FASEB J 2004; 19:103-5. [PMID: 15520251 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2494fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug rViscumin, currently under clinical development, has been shown in previous studies to be a sialic acid specific ribosome inactivating protein (RIP). Comparative binding assays with the CD75s-specific monoclonal antibodies HB6 and J3-89 revealed rViscumin to be a CD75s-specific RIP due to identical binding characteristics toward CD75s gangliosides. The receptor gangliosides are IV6nLc4Cer, VI6nLc6Cer, and the newly characterized ganglioside VIII6nLc8Cer, all three carrying the Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc motif. To elucidate the clinical potential of the rViscumin targets, CD75s gangliosides were determined in several randomly collected gastrointestinal tumors. The majority of the tumors showed an enhanced expression of CD75s gangliosides compared with the unaffected tissues. The rViscumin binding specificity was further investigated with reference glycoproteins carrying sialylated and desialylated type II N-glycans. Comparative Western blots of rViscumin and ricin, an rViscumin homologous but galactoside-specific RIP, revealed specific recognition of type II N-glycans with CD75s determinants by rViscumin, whereas ricin failed to react with terminally sialylated oligosaccharides such as CD75s motifs and others. This strict binding specificity of rViscumin and the increased expression of CD75s gangliosides in various tumors suggest this anticancer drug as a promising candidate for an individualised adjuvant therapy of human tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/classification
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/classification
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Brain/metabolism
- Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods
- G(M1) Ganglioside/isolation & purification
- G(M1) Ganglioside/metabolism
- Gangliosides/isolation & purification
- Gangliosides/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/blood
- Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Granulocytes/chemistry
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Statistical
- Plant Preparations/immunology
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Drug/metabolism
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
- Ricin/chemistry
- Sialyltransferases
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Toxins, Biological/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
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24
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Satomi Y, Shimonishi Y, Takao T. N-glycosylation at Asn491in the Asn-Xaa-Cys motif of human transferrin. FEBS Lett 2004; 576:51-6. [PMID: 15474009 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides derived from human transferrin were exhaustively analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Both MS techniques clearly revealed the sequences of and the attachment sites of bi-antennary complex-type oligosaccharides, at both Asn432 and Asn630, both of which are located in a well-known motif for N-glycosylation, Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr, but also at Asn491 in the Asn-Xaa-Cys motif. The latter has been reported to be a minor N-glycosylation site in several glycoproteins. The relative abundance of this abnormal glycosylation was estimated to be approximately 2 mol% of the transferrin preparation used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Satomi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Müthing J, Meisen I, Bulau P, Langer M, Witthohn K, Lentzen H, Neumann U, Peter-Katalinić J. Mistletoe lectin I is a sialic acid-specific lectin with strict preference to gangliosides and glycoproteins with terminal Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc residues. Biochemistry 2004; 43:2996-3007. [PMID: 15023051 DOI: 10.1021/bi0301892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mistletoe lectin I (ML-I) is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein, which inhibits the protein biosynthesis at the ribosomal level. ML-I is composed of a catalytically active A-chain with rRNA N-glycosidase activity and a B-chain with carbohydrate binding specificities. Using comparative solid-phase binding assays along with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, ML-I was shown to preferentially bind to terminally alpha2-6-sialylated neolacto series gangliosides from human granulocytes. IV(6)Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer, VI(6)Neu5Ac-nLc6Cer, and VIII(6)Neu5Ac-nLc8Cer were identified as ML-I receptors, whereas the isomeric alpha2-3-sialylated neolacto series gangliosides were not recognized. Only marginal binding of ML-I to terminal galactose residues of neutral glycosphingolipids with a Galbeta1-4Glc or Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequence was determined, whereas a distal Galalpha1-4Gal, GalNAcbeta1-3Gal, or GalNAcbeta1-4Gal disaccharide did not bind at all. Among the glycoproteins investigated in Western blot and microwell adsorption assays, only those carrying Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc residues, exclusively, predominantly, or even as less abundant constituents in an assembly with Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-terminated glycans, displayed high ML-I binding capacity. From our data we conclude that (i) ML-I has to be considered as a sialic acid- and not a galactose-specific lectin and (ii) neolacto series gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins with type II glycans, which share the Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc terminus, are true ML-I receptors. This strict preference might help to explain the immunostimulatory potential of ML-I toward certain leukocyte subpopulations and its therapeutic success as a cytotoxic anticancer drug.
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MESH Headings
- Adsorption
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Cattle
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gangliosides/blood
- Gangliosides/chemistry
- Glycosphingolipids/blood
- Glycosphingolipids/chemistry
- Humans
- Lectins/chemistry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/blood
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/chemistry
- Nanotechnology
- Oligosaccharides/blood
- Oligosaccharides/chemistry
- Peptide Mapping
- Plant Preparations/chemistry
- Plant Preparations/immunology
- Plant Preparations/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
- Sialoglycoproteins/blood
- Sialoglycoproteins/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Toxins, Biological/chemistry
- Toxins, Biological/immunology
- Toxins, Biological/metabolism
- Viscum/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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26
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Legros FJ, Nuyens V, Minet E, Emonts P, Boudjeltia KZ, Courbe A, Ruelle JL, Colicis J, de L’Escaille F, Henry JP. Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin Isoforms Measured by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Detection of Alcohol Abuse. Clin Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/48.12.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Measurements of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) are used as markers of alcohol abuse. We developed a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method aimed at improving accuracy of CDT testing.
Methods: We studied 111 alcohol abusers with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores >11 and 50 teetotalers. CZE was performed with a P/ACE 5500, fused-silica capillaries, and a CEofix CDT reagent set. After iron saturation, sera were loaded by low-pressure injection, separated at 28 kV, and monitored at 214 nm. We identified the transferrin isoforms by migration times, treatment with 100 U/L neuraminidase, and immunosubtraction with anti-human transferrin and anti-C-reactive protein antibodies. We compared CZE results with current biological markers of alcohol abuse, including the %CDT turbidimetric immunoassay.
Results: Migration times of the isoforms were identical in both populations. Asialotransferrin was missing in teetotalers but present in 92% of alcohol abusers. Disialotransferrin was higher in those who consumed excessive amounts of alcohol, whereas mean trisialotransferrin concentration was not affected by alcohol abuse. At cutoffs to maximize sensitivity and specificity, these values were 0.92 and 1 [mean ROC area (MRa), 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93–0.99] for asialotransferrin; 0.84 and 0.94 for the sum of asialo- + disialotransferrin (MRa, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91–0.98); 0.79 and 0.94 for disialotransferrin (MRa, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84–0.94); 0.62 and 0.53 for trisialotransferrin (MRa, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49–0.68); 0.79 and 0.82 for a 3% %CDT; and 0.83 and 0.69 for a 2.6% cutoff (MRa, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81–0.92). Current markers lack sensitivity (<0.65). Transferrins were not significantly correlated with serum enzymes and mean erythrocyte volume.
Conclusions: CZE-isolated desialylated transferrin isoforms allowed differentiation between chronic alcohol abusers and teetotalers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J Legros
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Eddy Minet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | | | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Anne Courbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Ruelle
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Jacques Colicis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire André Vésale, 706, route de Gozée, B6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
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27
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Mills P, Mills K, Clayton P, Johnson A, Whitehouse D, Winchester B. Congenital disorders of glycosylation type I leads to altered processing of N-linked glycans, as well as underglycosylation. Biochem J 2001; 359:249-54. [PMID: 11583570 PMCID: PMC1222142 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3590249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The N-linked glycans on transferrin and alpha(1)-antitrypsin from patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation type I have increased fucosylation and branching relative to normal controls. The elevated levels of monofucosylated biantennary glycans are probably due to increased alpha-(1-->6) fucosylation. The presence of bi- and trifucosylated triantennary and tetra-antennary glycans indicated that peripheral alpha-(1-->3), as well as core alpha-(1-->6), fucosylation is increased. Altered processing was observed on both the fully and underglycosylated glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mills
- Biochemistry, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Institute of Child Health at Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Zdebska E, Kościelak J. A single-sample method for determination of carbohydrate and protein contents glycoprotein bands separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 1999; 275:171-9. [PMID: 10552901 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for determination of carbohydrate and protein contents of glycoproteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Blots were stained, and appropriate pieces of PVDF membranes were excised, destained, and subjected to sequential hydrolysis with 0.2 M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 1 h at 80 degrees C, then with 2 M TFA for 4 h at 100 degrees C, and finally with 6 M HCl at 100 degrees C for 24 h to release sialic acids, neutral sugars with hexosamines, and amino acids, respectively. In some instances preliminary methanolysis was used. Carbohydrates including sialic acids were quantitated by high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Protein content of the bands was determined as amino acids by the fluorescamine or ninhydrin method. In the calculation of results proper adjustments were made for small amounts of fucose released by hydrolysis with 0.2 M TFA at 80 degrees C, and for partial degradation of protein during hydrolysis with 2 M TFA at 100 degrees C. Recoveries of amino acids from hydrolysates of glycoproteins that had been electroblotted onto PVDF membranes equaled those of carbohydrates. This was possible because of preliminary hydrolysis of glycoproteins with TFA, as well as washing of wet, instead of dried, PVDF membranes after hydrolysis with 6 M HCl. The two modifications increased yields of amino acids by about 30%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of molar and weight percentage composition of human transferrin, band 3 protein, glycophorin A, and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein. In each case the results obtained for directly hydrolyzed and electrophoresed/electroblotted glycoproteins were practically identical. We also determined the glucosamine content of band 4.1 protein of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zdebska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
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Inoue N, Watanabe T, Kutsukake T, Saitoh H, Tsumura H, Arai H, Takeuchi M. Asn-linked sugar chain structures of recombinant human thrombopoietin produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Glycoconj J 1999; 16:707-18. [PMID: 11003555 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007159409961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human thrombopoietin (TPO) that regulates the numbers of megakaryocytes and platelets is a heavily N- and O-glycosylated glycoprotein hormone with partial homology to human erythropoietin (EPO). We prepared recombinant human TPO produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and analyzed the sugar chain structures quantitatively using 2-aminobenzamide labeling, sequential glycosidase digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). We found bi-, tri- and tetraantennary complex-type sugar chains with one or two N-acetyllactosamine repeats, which are common to recombinant human EPO produced in CHO cells. On the other hand, there were triantennary sugar chains with one or two N-acetyllactosamine repeats that were specific to the recombinant human TPO, and their distributions of branch structures were also different. These results suggested that proximal protein structure should determine the branch structure of Asn-linked sugar chains in addition to the glycosyltransferases subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inoue
- Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory, KIRIN Brewery Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
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30
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Carchon H, Van Schaftingen E, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IA (phosphomannomutase-deficiency). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1455:155-65. [PMID: 10571009 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein or CDG syndromes (OMIM 212065) are a recently delineated group of genetic, multisystem diseases with variable dysmorphic features. The known CDG syndromes are characterized by a partial deficiency of the N-linked glycans of secretory glycoproteins, lysosomal enzymes, and probably also membranous glycoproteins. Due to the deficiency of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid, the glycan changes can be observed in serum transferrin or other glycoproteins using isoelectrofocusing with immunofixation as the most widely used diagnostic technique. Most patients show a serum sialotransferrin pattern characterized by increased di- and asialotransferrin bands (type I pattern). The majority of patients with type I are phosphomannomutase deficient (type IA), while in a few other patients, deficiencies of phosphomannose isomerase (type IB) or endoplasmic reticulum glucosyltransferase (type IC) have been demonstrated. This review is an update on CDG syndrome type IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Carchon
- Center for Metabolic Disease, O&N, University of Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Schachter H, Jaeken J. Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1455:179-92. [PMID: 10571011 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes (CDGS) are a group of autosomal recessive multisystemic diseases characterized by defective glycosylation of N-glycans. This review describes recent findings on two patients with CDGS type II. In contrast to CDGS type I, the type II patients show a more severe psychomotor retardation, no peripheral neuropathy and a normal cerebellum. The CDGS type II serum transferrin isoelectric focusing pattern shows a large amount (95%) of disialotransferrin in which each of the two glycosylation sites is occupied by a truncated monosialo-monoantennary N-glycan. Fine structure analysis of this glycan suggested a defect in the Golgi enzyme UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-6-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnT II; EC 2.4.1.143) which catalyzes an essential step in the biosynthetic pathway leading from hybrid to complex N-glycans. GnT II activity is reduced by over 98% in fibroblast and mononuclear cell extracts from the CDGS type II patients. Direct sequencing of the GnT II coding region from the two patients identified two point mutations in the catalytic domain of GnT II, S290F (TCC to TTC) and H262R (CAC to CGC). Either of these mutations inactivates the enzyme and probably also causes reduced expression. The CDG syndromes and other congenital defects in glycan synthesis as well as studies of null mutations in the mouse provide strong evidence that the glycan moieties of glycoproteins play essential roles in the normal development and physiology of mammals and probably of all multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schachter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto Medical School, and Department of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Hospital for Sick Children, Ont, Canada
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32
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Naitoh A, Aoyagi Y, Asakura H. Highly enhanced fucosylation of serum glycoproteins in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14:436-45. [PMID: 10355508 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that the measurement of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive species of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and transferrin (TF) is useful for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that the molecular basis for this reactivity is fucosylation at the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of a biantennary sugar chain. However, the precise relationship of the fucosylation of AFP, AAT and TF in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to delineate the relationship of the fucosylation between these three glycoproteins in HCC. METHODS Three hundred and thirty-four patients with HCC were referred to our university hospital from 1987 to 1997. An increase in serum AFP (> 20 ng/mL) was observed in 233 (69.8%) patients with HCC. From these 233 patients with AFP-producing HCC, 60 serum samples were randomly selected and used in the present study. As a reference, samples from 60 patients with liver cirrhosis, in which 30 had increased AFP, were used. Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-reactive species were determined by crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis (CIAE). The contents of the fucosylated biantennary chain of purified AAT and TF samples were determined as pyridylamino derivatives of each oligosaccharide with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS There was a highly significant correlation between LCA-reactive species by CIAE and pyridyl-amino-fucosylated biantennary sugar chain by HPLC in both AAT and TF. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive species of AFP, AAT and TF in HCC were significantly higher than those in liver cirrhosis. A highly statistically significant positive correlation of fucosylated glycans was observed between AAT and TF in both HCC and liver cirrhosis, but not between AFP and AAT or between AFP and TF. Accordingly, the present results indicate that highly enhanced fucosylation of serum glycoproteins was found in HCC compared with liver cirrhosis and that the combination of measurements of fucosylated AFP with AAT or TF were useful for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naitoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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33
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van Rooijen JJ, Jeschke U, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. Expression of N-linked sialyl Le(x) determinants and O-glycans in the carbohydrate moiety of human amniotic fluid transferrin during pregnancy. Glycobiology 1998; 8:1053-64. [PMID: 9751792 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/8.11.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferrin, a glycoprotein involved in iron transport in body fluids, was isolated from amniotic fluid of a hydramniospatient by sequential anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The N-glycans of human amniotic fluid transferrin (hAFT) were enzymatically liberated by PNGase-F digestion, isolated by gel filtration and fractionated by (high-pH) anion-exchange chromatography. After alkaline borohydride treatment of native hAFT, the released O-glycans were isolated by gel filtration and fractionated by anion-exchange chroma-tography. Structure elucidation of 14 N- and 2 O-glycans was performed by 500 or 600 MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy. Besides conventional N-glycans established earlier for human serum transferrin (hST), new (alpha1-3)-fucosylated N-glycans were found, representing sialyl Le(x) elements. Furthermore, as compared to hST, a higher degree of (alpha1-6)-fucosylation and an increase in branching from di- to triantennary compounds has been detected. The presence of O-glycans is demonstrated for the first time in transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J van Rooijen
- Bijvoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80075, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands, Universität Rostock, Frauenklinik, P.O. Box 18055, Rostock, Germany
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Anumula KR, Dhume ST. High resolution and high sensitivity methods for oligosaccharide mapping and characterization by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography following derivatization with highly fluorescent anthranilic acid. Glycobiology 1998; 8:685-94. [PMID: 9621109 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/8.7.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile labeling of oligosaccharides (acidic and neutral) in a nonselective manner was achieved with highly fluorescent anthranilic acid (AA, 2-aminobenzoic acid) (more than twice the intensity of 2-aminobenzamide, AB) for specific detection at very high sensitivity. Quantitative labeling in acetate-borate buffered methanol (approximately pH 5.0) at 80 degreesC for 60 min resulted in negligible or no desialylation of the oligosaccharides. A high resolution high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantitative oligosaccharide mapping on a polymeric-NH2bonded (Astec) column operating under normal phase and anion exchange (NP-HPAEC) conditions. For isolation of oligosaccharides from the map by simple evaporation, the chromatographic conditions developed use volatile acetic acid-triethylamine buffer (approximately pH 4.0) systems. The mapping and characterization technology was developed using well characterized standard glycoproteins. The fluorescent oligosaccharide maps were similar to the maps obtained by the high pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), except that the fluorescent maps contained more defined peaks. In the map, the oligosaccharides separated into groups based on charge, size, linkage, and overall structure in a manner similar to HPAEC-PAD with contribution of -COOH function from the label, anthranilic acid. However, selectivity of the column for sialic acid linkages was different. A second dimension normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) method was developed on an amide column (TSK Gel amide-80) for separation of the AA labeled neutral complex type and isomeric structures of high mannose type oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides labeled with AA are compatible with biochemical and biophysical techniques, and use of matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry for rapid determination of oligosaccharide mass map of glycoproteins is demonstrated. High resolution of NP-HPAEC and NP-HPLC methods combined with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) can provide an effective technology for analyzing a wide repertoire of oligosaccharide structures and for determining the action of both transferases and glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Anumula
- Bioanalytical Sciences Dept., UW2951, Research and Development, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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35
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Charlwood J, Birrell H, Tolson D, Camilleri P. Two-dimensional chromatography in the analysis of complex glycans from transferrin. Anal Chem 1998; 70:2530-5. [PMID: 9666724 DOI: 10.1021/ac9801059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides released from human transferrin have been derivatized with 2-aminoacridone (2-AMAC) prior to analysis by either reversed- or normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. These separation methods are complementary and allow distinction between isomeric mono- and disialylated oligosaccharides, which terminate with Sia alpha 2-6Gal or Sia alpha 2-3Gal at the nonreducing end. Collected fractions of 2-AMAC-derivatized glycans were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, before and after desialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charlwood
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK
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36
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Mori S, Aoyagi Y, Yanagi M, Suzuki Y, Asakura H. Serum N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activities in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:610-9. [PMID: 9715405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT III) catalyses the addition of N-acetylglucosamine through a beta 1-4 linkage to the mannose of the trimannosyl core, resulting in conversion of the concanavalin A (Con A)-reactive glycan into a non-reactive state. In this study, we measured GnT III activity to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy and its therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Concanavalin A-non-reactive fraction of serum transferrin (Tf) was also determined since the sugar chains of Tf are one of the possible candidates for the product of GnT III. Serum samples (159) were used from patients with HCC (89), liver cirrhosis (30), chronic hepatitis (19), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver (five) and healthy controls (16). N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The reactivity of serum Tf to Con A was also analysed in 21 paired HCC samples before and after treatment by crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity from the HCC group (153 +/- 72pmol/mL/h) was significantly higher than that from liver cirrhosis (99 +/- 67 pmol/mL per h), chronic hepatitis (84 +/- 39 pmol/mL per h) and the normal controls (62 +/- 16 pmol/mL per h). N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity of 21 patients with HCC was significantly reduced after treatment such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and/or percutaneous ethanol infection therapy, (123 +/- 77 to 100 +/- 60 pmol/mL per h). Commensurate decreases of AFP and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin with GnT III activity were also observed after treatment. The Con A-non-reactive fraction (n = 21; 6.4 +/- 2.3%) in patients with HCC after treatment was significantly lower than before (8.2 +/- 2.4%). The present study suggests that GnT III activity is a possible aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of HCC, especially when other tumour markers are negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Peter J, Unverzagt C, Engel WD, Renauer D, Seidel C, Hösel W. Identification of carbohydrate deficient transferrin forms by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and lectin ELISABiochim Biophys Acta 1998 Aug 24;1381(3):356. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1380:93-101. [PMID: 9545549 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin was isolated from sera of patients with severe alcohol abuse and from control sera by affinity chromatography using an immobilized polyclonal antibody from sheep, followed by gel filtration. The purified transferrin was then separated by MonoQ chromatography. Compared to the controls, sera from heavy alcohol consumers showed two additional transferrin peaks, eluting earlier than the three main transferrin forms present in all sera. Further analysis of the isolated transferrin forms by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with different digoxigenylated lectins (lectin ELISA) revealed that the main carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) forms are lacking either one or both of the N-Glycan chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Coddeville B, Carchon H, Jaeken J, Briand G, Spik G. Determination of glycan structures and molecular masses of the glycovariants of serum transferrin from a patient with carbohydrate deficient syndrome type II. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:265-73. [PMID: 9579803 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006997012617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum transferrin from a child with carbohydrate deficient syndrome type II was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography and separated into minor and major fractions by fast protein liquid chromatography. The structure of the glycans released from the major fraction by hydrazinolysis was established by application of methanolysis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results led to the identification of an N-acetyllactosamininic type monosialylated, monoantennary Man(alpha1-3) linked glycan. By electrospray-mass spectrometry analysis, the whole serum transferrin was separated into at least seven species (I to VII) with molecular masses ranging from 77,958 to 79,130 Da. On the basis of a polypeptide chain molecular mass of 75,143 Da, it was calculated that the major transferrin species III (78,247 Da) contains two monosialylated monoantennary glycans. The molecular mass of transferrin species V and VI (78,678 and 78,971 Da) suggests that one of their two glycans contains an additional N-acetyllactosamine and a sialylated N-acetyllactosamine units, respectively. Transferrin species I and V were found to correspond to the desialylated forms of species III and VI. The abnormal glycan structures can be explained by a defect in the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II activity [Charuk et al. (1995) Eur J Biochem 230: 797-805].
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Affiliation(s)
- B Coddeville
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche n 111 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Lu J, van Halbeek H. Complete 1H and 13C resonance assignments of a 21-amino acid glycopeptide prepared from human serum transferrin. Carbohydr Res 1996; 296:1-21. [PMID: 9008840 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A 21-amino acid glycopeptide (Gp21) was isolated and purified in multi-milligram yields from commercially available human serum transferrin (HSTF) by a combination of tryptic digestion, Con A affinity chromatography, and reverse phase HPLC. The peptide chain of Gp21 contains a single N-glycosylation site to which a diantennary oligosaccharide is attached. The amino acid sequence and the glycan primary structure of Gp21 have been verified by peptide sequencing, electrospray mass spectrometry, and one-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. Different glycoforms were found for the glycan of Gp21 derived from two different batches of commercial HSTF. These glycoforms differ from one another in the number of NeuAc residues (ranging from 0 to 2) and/or the number of Gal residues (ranging from 1 to 2). As for the monogalacto species, in the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectrum of Gp21, interglycosidic NOEs were observed between Man4 in the alpha (1-->3) branch and the terminal GlcNAc beta (1-->2) residue. No interglycosidic NOE was observed between Man4' in the alpha (1-->6) branch and the terminal GlcNAc residue. These observations indicate that the terminal GlcNAc residue in the minor glycoforms of Gp21 is exclusively located in the alpha (1-->3) branch of the Gp21 glycan. The occurrence of such a carbohydrate structure in HSTF has not been reported before. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of Gp21 have been completely assigned by two-dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear spectroscopy. The close similarity of the 1H and 13C chemical shift values for the Gp21 glycan with the respective values for the peptide-free diantennary oligosaccharide (Wieruszeski et al., Glycoconjugate J., 6 (1989) 183-194) indicates that the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the diantennary oligosaccharide are not perturbed by the presence of the Gp21 peptide fragment. The complete 1H and 13C resonance assignments and the full characterization of the primary structure of Gp21 will permit us to study the conformation and dynamics of the N-linked diantennary oligosaccharides while covalently attached to a polypeptide fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712, USA
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40
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Suzuki Y, Aoyagi Y, Mori S, Suda T, Naitoh A, Isokawa O, Yanagi M, Igarashi H, Asakura H. Microheterogeneity of serum transferrin in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 11:358-65. [PMID: 8713703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1996.tb01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactivity of human serum transferrin (Tf) with lectins was analysed using patient sera to determine whether it can be used to distinguish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from those with liver cirrhosis (LC). Microheterogeneity of Tf was analysed by crossed immunoaffinity electrophoresis (CIAE) with concanavalin A (Con A) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA). Sample sera from 58 patients with HCC, 43 patients with LC and 10 normal controls were used in this study and the results were evaluated statistically. The increments of Con A-non-reactive (C1) and -weakly reactive (C2) species of Tf were observed in HCC compared with those of LC and Norm. Significant increase in the combined percentage of Con A- C1 + C2 species was also revealed in HCC (35.5 +/- 8.5%, mean+/-s.d.) compared with those of LC (29.1 +/- 6.8%; P < 0.001) and normal controls (17.1 +/- 2.3%; P < 0.001). The elevation of LCA-reactive (L2) species of Tf was recognized in HCC (8.2 +/- 3.8%) in comparison with those of LC (4.8 +/- 3.1%; P < 0.001) and normal controls (1.3 +/- 1.7%; P < 0.001). The increment of C1 + C2 species and/or L2 species of Tf was observed in 78% (sensitivity) of patients with HCC. The specificity, the positive predictive value and the overall accuracy were 81, 88 and 72%, respectively. Positive ratio of C1 + C2 and/or L2 species was 77 and 70% in alpha-fetoprotein low and -high producing HCC patients, respectively. These results indicate that the microheterogeneity analysis of human serum Tf is useful for distinguishing patients with HCC from those with LC and normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Jaeken J, Spik G, Schachter H. Chapter 16b Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Grabenhorst E, Hoffmann A, Nimtz M, Zettlmeissl G, Conradt HS. Construction of stable BHK-21 cells coexpressing human secretory glycoproteins and human Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc-R alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase alpha 2,6-linked NeuAc is preferentially attached to the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man(alpha 1-3)-branch of diantennary oligosaccharides from secreted recombinant beta-trace protein. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 232:718-25. [PMID: 7588709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.718zz.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The human beta-trace protein has been cloned and has been expressed for the first time in a mammalian host cell line. Stable BHK-21 cell lines exhibiting altered terminal sialylation properties were constructed by cotransfection of cells with the plasmids pMT-beta TP or pAB3-1 which contain the cDNAs encoding the human secretory glycoproteins beta-trace protein or antithrombin III and pABSial containing the human Golgi enzyme CMP-NeuAc:Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc-R alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6N) gene. The beta-trace protein was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and N-linked oligosaccharides were subjected to carbohydrate structural analysis. The enzymically liberated oligosaccharides were found to consist of 90% of diantennary chains as is the case for natural beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid. About 90% of the total oligosaccharides were recovered in the monosialo and disialo fractions in a ratio of 1:5. The monosialylated oligosaccharides of beta-trace protein coexpressed with human ST6N were found to contain NeuAc in alpha 2,6- or alpha 2,3-linkage in the same ratio. From 1H-NMR analysis as well as calculations of peak areas obtained by HPLC, 60% of the molecules of the disialo fraction were found to contain NeuAc in both alpha 2,3- and alpha 2,6-linkage to Gal beta(1-4)GlcNAc-R, whereas 40% of the molecules of this fraction contained NeuAc in only alpha 2,3-linkage to Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc-R. The alpha 2,6-linked NeuAc was shown to be attached preferentially to the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man(alpha 1-3) branch of the diantennary structure. Therefore the in vivo specificity of the newly introduced recombinant human ST6N observed in this study supports the previously reported in vitro branch specificity of the bovine colostrum ST6N activity. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the suitability of genetically engineered mammalian host cell lines with novel glycosylation properties for the production of human-type glycosylated secretory recombinant polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grabenhorst
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Braunschweig, Germany
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43
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Legrand D, Salmon V, Coddeville B, Benaissa M, Plancke Y, Spik G. Structural determination of two N-linked glycans isolated from recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in BHK cells. FEBS Lett 1995; 365:57-60. [PMID: 7774715 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00441-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA coding for human lactoferrin was isolated from a mammary gland library and the recombinant protein was expressed in BHK cells as described by Stowell K. M. et al. [1991, Biochem. J. 276, 349-355]. Two N-linked glycans from purified recombinant lactoferrin were released by hydrazinolysis and analyzed by 400-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The identified structures corresponded to N-acetyllactosaminic biantennary glycans and were alpha-2,3-disialylated forms (80%) or alpha-2,3-monosialylated (20%) forms. Moreover, 70% of total glycans were alpha-1,6-fucosylated at the GlcNAc residue linked to asparagine. In regard to its glycan moiety, the recombinant glycoprotein is close to native lactoferrins from milk or leucocytes but shows specific structural features which should be taken into account prior to in vivo and in vitro biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Legrand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, UMR CNRS n.111, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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44
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Nemansky M, Schiphorst WE, Van den Eijnden DH. Branching and elongation with lactosaminoglycan chains of N-linked oligosaccharides result in a shift toward termination with alpha 2-->3-linked rather than with alpha 2-->6-linked sialic acid residues. FEBS Lett 1995; 363:280-4. [PMID: 7737417 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The activity of bovine colostrum CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta-R alpha 2-->6-sialyltransferase (alpha 6-NeuAcT) toward oligosaccharides that form part of complex-type, N-linked glycans appears significantly reduced when a bisecting GlcNAc residue or additional branches are present, or when core GlcNAc residues are absent. By contrast human placenta CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta-R alpha 2-->3-sialyltransferase (alpha 3-NeuAcT) is much less sensitive to structural variations in these acceptors. Furthermore the alpha 3-NeuAcT shows a much higher activity than the alpha 6-NeuAcT with oligosaccharides that form part of linear and branched lactosaminoglycan extensions. These results indicate that, in tissues that express both enzymes, branching and lactosaminoglycan formation of N-linked glycans will cause a shift from termination with alpha 2-->6-linked sialic acid to termination with alpha 2-->3-linked sialic acid residues. These findings provide an enzymatic basis for the sialic acid linkage-type patterns found on the oligosaccharide chains of N-glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemansky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro A. Lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis of serum glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Hoffmann A, Nimtz M, Getzlaff R, Conradt HS. 'Brain-type' N-glycosylation of asialo-transferrin from human cerebrospinal fluid. FEBS Lett 1995; 359:164-8. [PMID: 7867791 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Asialo-transferrin from human cerebrospinal fluid was purified to homogeneity. Investigation of the structural characteristics of its oligosaccharides support our hypothesis of 'brain-type' glycosylation of intrathecally synthesized cerebrospinal fluid proteins. For carbohydrate structural analysis, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, methylation analysis, liquid secondary ion- and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry of the permethylated derivatives were used. The major structure turned out to be a complex-type agalactodiantennary oligosaccharide with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and proximal fucose. Analysis of a second transferrin preparation containing both asialo- and sialo-transferrin revealed another major glycan species derived from the sialylated transferrin variant which is galactosylated and lacks bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and fucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, GBF - Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Braunschweig, Germany
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47
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Jaeken J, Schachter H, Carchon H, De Cock P, Coddeville B, Spik G. Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type II: a deficiency in Golgi localised N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase II. Arch Dis Child 1994; 71:123-7. [PMID: 7944531 PMCID: PMC1029941 DOI: 10.1136/adc.71.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein (CDG) syndromes are a family of genetic multisystemic disorders with severe nervous system involvement. This report is on a child with a CDG syndrome that differs from the classical picture but is very similar to a patient reported in 1991. Both these patients are therefore designated CDG syndrome type II. Compared with type I patients they have a more severe psychomotor retardation but no peripheral neuropathy nor cerebellar hypoplasia. The serum transferrin isoform pattern obtained by isoelectric focusing showed disialotransferrin as the major fraction. The serum disialotransferrin, studied in the present patient, contained two moles of truncated monoantennary Sialyl-Gal-GlcNAc-Man(alpha 1-->3)[Man(alpha 1-->6)]Man(beta 1-->4)GlcNAc (beta 1-->4)GlcNAc-Asn per mole of transferrin. A profoundly deficient activity of the Golgi enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (EC 2.4.1.143) was demonstrated in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaeken
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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van Dijk W, Turner GA, Mackiewicz A. Changes in glycosylation of acute-phase proteins in health and disease: Occurrence, regulation and function. Glycoconj J 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00917463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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D'Andrea G, D'Alessandro AM, Salucci ML, Oratore A. Primary structure of the major glycan from human seminal transferrin. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1994; 13:31-6. [PMID: 8011069 DOI: 10.1007/bf01891990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human seminal transferrin (HSmT) is an iron-containing glycoprotein whose structural properties have not been adequately investigated. The carbohydrate content of the purified glycoprotein amount to 6.1%, and monosaccharide analysis revealed the major oligosaccharide moiety to be of the N-glycoside type. The carbohydrate chains were released from the iron-free form by digestion with peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) in the presence of detergents such as SDS and beta-octylglucoside. After ethanol precipitation and fractionation on Bio-Gel P-6 and Bio-Gel P-2, the oligosaccharide was further purified on Mono-Q and desalted on Bio-Gel P-2. By 600-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, the primary structure of the major N-linked oligosaccharide component was established to be: [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Andrea
- Department of Sciences and Biomedical Technologies and Biometrics, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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50
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Nemansky M, van den Eijnden DH. Enzymatic characterization of CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase from human placenta. Glycoconj J 1993; 10:99-108. [PMID: 8395270 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this report we present the enzymatic characterization of CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase from human placenta using placenta membranes as an enzyme preparation. This sialyltransferase is highly sensitive to detergents and prefers type 2 chain (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc) over type 1 chain (Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc) acceptors. Oligosaccharides and glycopeptides were better acceptor substrates than glycoproteins. Of the branched oligosaccharides, those with a bisected N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) structure appeared to be poorer substrates, while triantennary structures containing a Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4Man alpha 1-3Man branch were preferred. Product characterization, using 400 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, confirmed that sialic acid was introduced into the Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R units of the acceptor substrates in an alpha (2-3) linkage, and revealed that this sialyltransferase does not prefer either of the two branches of a complex type di-antennary glycopeptide acceptor for sialic acid attachment. These properties distinguish this enzyme from all other sialyltransferases characterized to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemansky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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