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You FF, Gao J, Gao YN, Li ZH, Shen D, Zhong WF, Yang J, Wang XM, Song WQ, Yan H, Yan HY, Xie JH, Chen H, Mao C. Association between atherogenic index of plasma and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality: a nationwide population‑based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:276. [PMID: 39068437 PMCID: PMC11283706 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), a marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have investigated association between AIP and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality in the general population. METHODS This study included data from 14,063 American adults. The exposure variable was the AIP, which was defined as log10 (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The outcome variables included all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Survey-weighted cox regressions were performed to evaluate the relation between AIP and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Weighted restricted cubic spline was conducted to examin the non-linear relationship. RESULTS During 10 years of follow-up, we documented 2,077, 262, 854, and 476 cases of all-cause mortality, diabetes mortality, CVD mortality and cancer mortality, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes mortality when comparing the highest to the lowest quantile of AIP in female (p for trend = 0.001) or participants older than 65 years (p for trend = 0.002). AIP was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and cancer mortality (p > 0.05). Moreover, a non-linear association was observed between AIP and all-cause mortality in a U-shape (p for non-linear = 0.0011), while a linear relationship was observed with diabetes mortality and non-diabetes mortality (p for linear < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this study, there is a no significant association between high AIP levels and a high risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Besides, a higher AIP was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes mortality, which only found in women older than 65 years. AIP was associated with all-cause mortality in a U-shape. This association could be explained by the finding that higher AIP predicted a higher risk of death from diabetes, and that lower AIP predicted a higher risk of death from non-diabetes causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei You
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ning Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Qi Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Hao Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Xu G, Wang J, Mao X, Xu M. 17β-estradiol Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer Cells by Promoting FOXM1 Expression. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1243-1251. [PMID: 38724756 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) has a significant impact on the development and progression of tumors. E2 stimulates tumor cell growth and metabolism, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the rise in ROS levels is not sufficient to cause severe harm to cancer cells. and the mechanisms that regulate ROS are not well understood. Since FOXM1 plays a crucial role in the production of ROS, we aimed to investigate the impact of E2 on oxidative stress and the involvement of FOXM1 in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line. Our research revealed that E2 controls the levels of ROS inside cells and safeguards them from apoptosis by promoting the expression of FOXM1. We observed a decrease in the expression of FOXM1 alongside an increase in oxidative damage. Moreover, cells demonstrated elevated levels of FOXM1 and ERα upon E2 treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that E2 prevents apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in endometrial cancer cells by encouraging the expression of FOXM1, potentially affecting ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaojie Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Maohong Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
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Hanna M, Wabnitz A, Grewal P. Sex and stroke risk factors: A review of differences and impact. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107624. [PMID: 38316283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an increase in stroke incidence risk over the lifetime of women, given their longer life expectancy. However, an alarming trend for sex disparities, particularly in certain stroke risk factors, shows a concerning need for focus on sex differences in stroke prevention and treatment for women. In this article, we are addressing sex differences in both traditional and sex-specific stroke risk factors. METHODS We searched PubMed from inception to December 2022 for articles related to sex differences and risk factors for stroke. We reviewed full-text articles for relevance and ultimately included 152 articles for this focused review. RESULTS Women are at increased risk for stroke from both traditional and non-traditional stroke risk factors. As women age, they have a higher disease burden of atrial fibrillation, increased risk of stroke related to diabetes, worsening lipid profiles, and higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity compared to men. Further, women carry sex hormone-specific risk factors for stroke, including the age of menarche, menopause, pregnancy, and its complications, as well as hormonal therapy. Men have a higher prevalence of tobacco use and atrial fibrillation, as well as an increased risk for stroke related to hyperlipidemia. Additionally, men have sex-specific risks related to low testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS By identifying biological sex-specific risk factors for stroke, developing robust collaborations, researching, and applying the knowledge for risk reduction strategies, we can begin to tailor prevention and reduce the global burden of stroke morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mckay Hanna
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Ashley Wabnitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Parneet Grewal
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Pradhyumnan H, Perez GG, Patel SH, Blaya MO, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. A Perspective on Hormonal Contraception Usage in Central Nervous System Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:541-551. [PMID: 37975282 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring life stages in women are associated with changes in the milieu of endogenous ovarian hormones. Women of childbearing age may be exposed to exogenous ovarian hormone(s) because of their use of varying combinations of estrogen and progesterone hormones-containing oral contraceptives (OC; also known as "the pill"). If women have central nervous system (CNS) injury such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) during their childbearing age, they are likely to retain their reproductive capabilities and may use OC. Many deleterious side effects of long-term OC use have been reported, such as aberrant blood clotting and endothelial dysfunction that consequently increase the risk of myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, and ischemic brain injury. Although controversial, studies have suggested that OC use is associated with neuropsychiatric ramifications, including uncontrollable mood swings and poorer cognitive performance. Our understanding about how the combination of endogenous hormones and OC-conferred exogenous hormones affect outcomes after CNS injuries remains limited. Therefore, understanding the impact of OC use on CNS injury outcomes needs further investigation to reveal underlying mechanisms, promote reporting in clinical or epidemiological studies, and raise awareness of possible compounded consequences. The goal of the current review is to discuss the impacts of CNS injury on endogenous ovarian hormones and vice-versa, as well as the putative consequences of exogenous ovarian hormones (OC) on the CNS to identify potential gaps in our knowledge to consider for future laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Pradhyumnan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gina G Perez
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shahil H Patel
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Meghan O Blaya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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Impact of Menopause and the Menstrual Cycle on Oxidative Stress in Japanese Women. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030829. [PMID: 36769477 PMCID: PMC9918227 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although estrogen possesses both pro- and anti-oxidant properties, its overall role in oxidative stress among women remains unclear, particularly since the influence of exogenously administered estrogen during previous studies differed by dose, administration route, and estrogen type. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of endogenous estrogen on oxidative stress in women. Thus, we performed a non-interventional observational study of healthy postmenopausal (n = 71) and premenopausal (n = 72) female volunteers. Serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs, which are collectively a marker of oxidative stress), as well as the biological antioxidant potential (BAP, an indicator of antioxidant capacity), were compared between (1) pre- versus post-menopausal women, and (2) premenopausal women in early follicular versus mid-luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. We found that serum d-ROMs and BAP values in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those in premenopausal women. Moreover, the d-ROM levels were significantly correlated with serum copper concentrations. However, neither d-ROMs nor BAP values were significantly affected by the menstrual cycle phase, although changes in d-ROMs between the follicular and luteal phases were significantly correlated with copper concentration shifts. These data indicate that postmenopausal hypoestrogenism is associated with elevated oxidative stress, although regular fluctuations of estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle do not influence oxidative stress.
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Protasi F, Girolami B, Serano M, Pietrangelo L, Paolini C. Ablation of Calsequestrin-1, Ca 2+ unbalance, and susceptibility to heat stroke. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033300. [PMID: 36311237 PMCID: PMC9598425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ca2+ levels in adult skeletal muscle fibers are mainly controlled by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, a mechanism that translates action potentials in release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) release channels, i.e. the ryanodine receptors type-1 (RyR1). Calsequestrin (Casq) is a protein that binds large amounts of Ca2+ in the lumen of the SR terminal cisternae, near sites of Ca2+ release. There is general agreement that Casq is not only important for the SR ability to store Ca2+, but also for modulating the opening probability of the RyR Ca2+ release channels. The initial studies: About 20 years ago we generated a mouse model lacking Casq1 (Casq1-null mice), the isoform predominantly expressed in adult fast twitch skeletal muscle. While the knockout was not lethal as expected, lack of Casq1 caused a striking remodeling of membranes of SR and of transverse tubules (TTs), and mitochondrial damage. Functionally, CASQ1-knockout resulted in reduced SR Ca2+ content, smaller Ca2+ transients, and severe SR depletion during repetitive stimulation. The myopathic phenotype of Casq1-null mice: After the initial studies, we discovered that Casq1-null mice were prone to sudden death when exposed to halogenated anaesthetics, heat and even strenuous exercise. These syndromes are similar to human malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) and environmental-exertional heat stroke (HS). We learned that mechanisms underlying these syndromes involved excessive SR Ca2+ leak and excessive production of oxidative species: indeed, mortality and mitochondrial damage were significantly prevented by administration of antioxidants and reduction of oxidative stress. Though, how Casq1-null mice could survive without the most important SR Ca2+ binding protein was a puzzling issue that was not solved. Unravelling the mystery: The mystery was finally solved in 2020, when we discovered that in Casq1-null mice the SR undergoes adaptations that result in constitutively active store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is a mechanism that allows skeletal fibers to use external Ca2+ when SR stores are depleted. The post-natal compensatory mechanism that allows Casq1-null mice to survive involves the assembly of new SR-TT junctions (named Ca2+ entry units) containing Stim1 and Orai1, the two proteins that mediate SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Girolami
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Serano
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cecilia Paolini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Costa BM, Mengal V, Brasil GA, Peluso AA, Treebak JT, Endlich PW, de Almeida SA, de Abreu GR. Ellagic Acid Prevents Myocardial Infarction-induced Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Ovariectomized Rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108990. [PMID: 35331902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is associated with increased oxidative stress, which can contribute to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). We hypothesized that oral treatment with ellagic acid (EA), a potent and natural antioxidant compound, can improve MI-induced LVDD in ovariectomized rats, by reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ovariectomized rats MI-induced LVDD followed by treatment with vehicle (DD) or EA (DD+EA) for 4 weeks. Non-LVDD-induced rats treated with vehicle (S) or EA (S+EA) were used as controls. Left ventricular systolic pressure: LVSP; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure: LVEDP; maximum rate of pressure rise: +dP/dt and fall: -dP/dt) were evaluated in all animals after treatment. Left ventricle superoxide anion formation was quantified in situ by fluorescence. Phospho-CAMKII, SOD2, catalase and gp91-phox abundances were evaluated by Western blot analyses. SOD and catalase activities were measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the LVEDP was significantly increased in both DD and DD+EA groups compared to S and S+EA. However, LVEDP in the DD+EA group was significantly decreased compared to DD, indicating an EA-mediated effect. In the DD group, superoxide production and gp91-phox protein abundance were increased while SOD2 abundance was decreased when compared to the S and S+EA groups. An increase in SOD activity was also observed in the DD+EA group. EA treatment reduced CaMKII phosphorylation in the DD+EA group compared to the DD. We concluded that EA treatment attenuated diastolic dysfunction in our experimental model, via reduction of ROS and CaMKII activity, indicating EA as a promising natural therapeutic option for cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Maia Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Mengal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Augusto Peluso
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Wander Endlich
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Multicentric Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Alves de Almeida
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Gláucia Rodrigues de Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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KAYAALTI M, BOSTANCI V, DOGAN H. THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSE ON NADPH OXIDASE LEVELS AFTER NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENTS ON PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Decker KP, Feliciano PG, Kimmel MT, Hogwood AC, Weggen JB, Darling AM, Richardson JW, Garten RS. Examining sex differences in sitting-induced microvascular dysfunction: Insight from acute vitamin C supplementation. Microvasc Res 2021; 135:104147. [PMID: 33610562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower limb microvascular dysfunction resulting from prolonged sitting (PS) bouts has been revealed to occur independent of sex. Although acute antioxidant supplementation has been reported to blunt conduit artery dysfunction following PS in young males, it is unknown if this protective effect extends to the microvasculature or is relevant in young females, who possess intrinsic vascular protective mechanisms specific to antioxidant defense. Therefore, this study employed an acute antioxidant supplementation to further examine sex differences during PS with a specific focus on microvascular function. METHODS On two separate visits, 14 females (23 ± 3 years) and 12 males (25 ± 4 years) had leg microvascular function (LMVF) assessed (via the passive leg movement technique) before and after 1.5 h of sitting. Prior to each visit, one gram of vitamin C (VC) or placebo (PL) was consumed. RESULTS PS significantly reduced LMVF [PL: (M: -34 ± 20; F: -23 ± 18%; p < 0.01) independent of sex (p = 0.7)], but the VC condition only blunted this reduction in males (VC: -3 ± 20%; p < 0.01), but not females (VC: -18 ± 25%; p = 0.5). CONCLUSION Young males and females reported similar reductions LMVF following PS, but only the young males reported a preservation of LMVF following the VC supplementation. This finding in young females was highlighted by substantial variability in LMVF measures in response to the VC condition that was unrelated to changes in the potential contributors to sitting-induced reductions in LMVF (e.g. lower limb venous pooling, reduced arterial shear rate). NEW AND NOTEWORTHY In this study, we employed an acute Vitamin C (VC) supplementation to examine sex differences in leg microvascular function (LMVF) following a bout of prolonged sitting. This study revealed that prolonged sitting reduced LMVF independent of sex, but only young males reported an attenuation to this lowered LMVF following VC supplementation. The young females revealed substantial variability in sitting-induced changes to LMVF that could not be explained by the potential contributors to sitting-induced reductions in LMVF (e.g. lower limb venous pooling, reduced arterial shear rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrick G Feliciano
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Morgan T Kimmel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jacob W Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Noiret A, Puch L, Riffaud C, Costantini D, Riou JF, Aujard F, Terrien J. Sex-Specific Response to Caloric Restriction After Reproductive Investment in Microcebus murinus: An Integrative Approach. Front Physiol 2020; 11:506. [PMID: 32612534 PMCID: PMC7308708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonal environments, males and females usually maintain high metabolic activity during the whole summer season, exhausting their energy reserves. In the global warming context, unpredictability of food availability during summer could dramatically challenge the energy budget of individuals. Therefore, one can predict that resilience to environmental stress would be dramatically endangered during summer. Here, we hypothesized that females could have greater capacity to survive harsh conditions than males, considering the temporal shift in their respective reproductive energy investment, which can challenge them differently, as well as enhanced flexibility in females' physiological regulation. We tackled this question on the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), focusing on the late summer period, after the reproductive effort. We monitored six males and six females before and after a 2-weeks 60% caloric restriction (CR), measuring different physiological and cellular parameters in an integrative and comparative multiscale approach. Before CR, females were heavier than males and mostly characterized by high levels of energy expenditure, a more energetic mitochondrial profile and a downregulation of blood antioxidants. We observed a similar energy balance between sexes due to CR, with a decrease in metabolic activity over time only in males. Oxidative damage to DNA was also reduced by different pathways between sexes, which may reflect variability in their physiological status and life-history traits at the end of summer. Finally, females' mitochondria seemed to exhibit greater flexibility and greater metabolic potential than males in response to CR. Our results showed strong differences between males and females in response to food shortage during late summer, underlining the necessity to consider sex as a factor for population dynamics in climate change models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Noiret
- Unité Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, Brunoy, France
| | - Laura Puch
- Unité Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, Brunoy, France
| | - Coralie Riffaud
- Unité Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, Brunoy, France
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Riou
- Unité Structure et Instabilité des Génomes (STRING), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- Unité Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, Brunoy, France
| | - Jeremy Terrien
- Unité Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, Brunoy, France
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Deems NP, Leuner B. Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100820. [PMID: 31987814 PMCID: PMC7225072 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk and resilience in brain health and disease can be influenced by a variety of factors. While there is a growing appreciation to consider sex as one of these factors, far less attention has been paid to sex-specific variables that may differentially impact females such as pregnancy and reproductive history. In this review, we focus on nervous system disorders which show a female bias and for which there is data from basic research and clinical studies pointing to modification in disease risk and progression during pregnancy, postpartum and/or as a result of parity: multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In doing so, we join others (Shors, 2016; Galea et al., 2018a) in aiming to illustrate the importance of looking beyond sex in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Deems
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Hajmohammadi M, Khaksari M, Soltani Z, Shahrokhi N, Najafipour H, Abbasi R. The Effect of Candesartan Alone and Its Combination With Estrogen on Post-traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Female Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1043. [PMID: 31849571 PMCID: PMC6901902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of candesartan (angiotensin II type I receptor blocker) alone and its combination with estrogen on the changes in brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) following diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) in female rats. Methods: TBI was induced in ovariectomized female rats using Marmarou's method. The treatment groups received low-dose (LC) and high-dose (HC) candesartan, estrogen (E2), a combination of estrogen vehicle and candesartan vehicle (oil + vehicle), or a combination of estrogen with low-dose (E2 + LC), or with high-dose (E2 + HC) candesartan. ICP and CPP were measured before and several times after TBI, and the brain water content (brain edema) was measured 24 h after TBI. Results: After the TBI, brain edema and ICP in the estrogen group were lower than in the vehicle and TBI groups. Brain edema and ICP in the HC group were lower than in the vehicle group after TBI. Although there was no significant difference in brain edema and ICP between the LC and vehicle groups, significant differences in these variables were observed when the E2 + LC and E2 + HC groups were compared with the oil + vehicle group after TBI. A significant increase in CPP was observed in the estrogen group 4 and 24 h post-TBI, while this increase was found in the HC and E2 + LC groups 24 h post-TBI. Conclusions: A low dose of candesartan did not exert a protective effect on TBI outcomes, but such an effect did appear after combination with estrogen. This finding suggests that interaction between low-dose candesartan and estrogen improves TBI-induced consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Hajmohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Zhao XJ, Chen L, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Yang YZ, Sun Y, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. Polygonum cuspidatum extract attenuates fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation through inhibiting Keap1 and activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:152986. [PMID: 31310912 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonum cuspidatum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat liver disorders associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid accumulation for centuries in patients. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine whether P. cuspidatum extract (PCE) prevented against fructose-induced liver lipid accumulation via regulating Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. METHOD PCE was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats given 10% fructose drinking water for 6 weeks at 80 and 160 mg/kg once daily for 11 weeks. RESULTS PCE significantly alleviated liver lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats with metabolic syndrome. It also inhibited Keap1, activated Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, resulting in the suppression of oxidative stress, evidenced by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxy radical (OH•) levels, and increasing glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio as well as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Additionally, PCE up-regulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and down-regulated sterol regulatory element binging protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) in this animal model, being consistent with its reduction of triglyceride (TG) levels. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PCE reduces oxidative stress, and prevent lipid accumulation in the liver of fructose-fed rats possibly by targeting the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. PCE may be a promising therapeutic strategy for fructose-associated liver lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yan-Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Souglis A, Bogdanis GC, Chryssanthopoulos C, Apostolidis N, Geladas ND. Time Course of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage Markers for 5 Days After a Soccer Match: Effects of Sex and Playing Position. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2045-2054. [PMID: 29309386 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Souglis, A, Bogdanis, GC, Chryssanthopoulos, C, Apostolidis, N, and Geladas, ND. Time course of oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage markers for 5 days after a soccer match: Effects of sex and playing position. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 2045-2054, 2018-This study examined the influence of sex and playing position on the time course of selected oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage markers after an official soccer match. Sixty professional soccer players (30 men and 30 women) were divided into 3 groups, according to their playing position: defenders, midfielders, and attackers. Each group consisted of 10 male and 10 female players. Sixty healthy volunteers (30 men and 30 women) served as control. Blood samples were taken before and after the match and daily for 5 days after the match. Analysis of variance revealed different responses over time between sex and playing positions, as shown by the 3-way interaction, for creatine kinase (CK), protein carbonyls (PCs), catalase, fibrinogen, uric acid (UA), lactate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 (p < 0.01). Male players had higher values compared with women of the same playing position, for all oxidative, inflammatory, and muscle damage indices (p < 0.01). Also, in both sexes, midfielders had higher peaks in all indices compared with defenders (p < 0.05). Five days after the game CK and UA concentrations had not returned to pregame levels in any exercise group, whereas PCs were still elevated in male midfielders and attackers (p < 0.05). These results show that sex and playing position influence the time course of selected oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage markers after an official soccer game. This information should be taken into account by practitioners for the design of training programs after match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Souglis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Chryssanthopoulos
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Apostolidis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nickos D Geladas
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with prooxidant-antioxidant balance: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:491-498. [PMID: 29935471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are significantly associated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, oxidative stress resulting from a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance is linked to inflammation-related conditions. Therefore, depression/anxiety symptoms may also be associated with oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between depression/anxiety symptoms and serum prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in adults who participated in a large population-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS Serum PAB values were measured in 7516 participants (62% females and 38% males) aged 35-65 years, enrolled in a population-based cohort study. beck depression and anxiety inventories were used to evaluate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the effect of confounders on the status of serum PAB change. RESULTS Among men, serum PAB values were increased incrementally from 1.55 ± 0.47 to 1.59 ± 0.47, 1.69 ± 0.38, and 1.68 ± 0.38 in the no or minimal, mild, moderate and severe depression groups, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). Serum PAB values also increased significantly across these four corresponding groups among women [1.70 ± 0.45, 1.73 ± 0.44, 1.75 ± 0.44, and 1.76 ± 0.40, (Ptrend = 0.005)]. About anxiety, serum PAB values increased significantly across the four groups in men (Ptrend = 0.02) but not in women (Ptrend = 0.2). The adjusted odds ratios for serum PAB values among men with severe depression and anxiety symptoms were 1.75 and 1.27, respectively. Moreover, the adjusted odds ratios for serum PAB values among women with severe depression and anxiety symptoms were 1.40 and 1.17, respectively. CONCLUSION Symptoms of depression and anxiety appear to be associated with higher degrees of oxidative stress, expressed by higher serum PAB values.
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Nikray N, Karimi I, Siavashhaghighi Z, Becker LA, Mofatteh MM. An effort toward molecular biology of food deprivation induced food hoarding in gonadectomized NMRI mouse model: focus on neural oxidative status. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:59. [PMID: 30249177 PMCID: PMC6154416 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental uncertainty, such as food deprivation, may alter internal milieu of nervous system through various mechanisms. In combination with circumstances of stress or aging, high consumption of unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen can make neural tissues sensitive to oxidative stress (OS). For adult rats, diminished level of gonadal steroid hormones accelerates OS and may result in special behavioral manifestations. This study was aimed to partially answer the question whether OS mediates trade-off between food hoarding and food intake (fat hoarding) in environmental uncertainty (e.g., fluctuations in food resource) within gonadectomized mouse model in the presence of food deprivation-induced food hoarding behavior. Results Hoarding behavior was not uniformly expressed in all male mice that exposed to food deprivation. Extended phenotypes including hoarder and non-hoarder mice stored higher and lower amounts of food respectively as compared to that of low-hoarder mice (normal phenotype) after food deprivation. Results showed that neural oxidative status was not changed in the presence of hoarding behavior in gonadectomized mice regardless of tissue type, however, glutathione levels of brain tissues were increased in the presence of hoarding behavior. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity in brain and spinal cord tissues and increased malondialdehyde in brain tissues of gonadectomized mice were also seen. Conclusions Although, food deprivation-induced hoarding behavior is a strategic response to food shortage in mice, it did not induce the same amount of hoarding across all colony mates. Hoarding behavior, in this case, is a response to the environmental uncertainty of food shortage, therefore is not an abnormal behavior. Hoarding behavior induced neural OS with regard to an increase in brain glutathione levels but failed to show other markers of neural OS. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity in brain and spinal cord tissues and increased malondialdehyde levels in brain tissues of gonadectomized mice could be a hallmark of debilitated antioxidative defense and more lipid peroxidation due to reduced amount of gonadal steroid hormones during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nikray
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology 1214, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology 1214, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | | | - Lora A Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, 47722, USA
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Mofatteh
- Department of Accounting, School of Economics and Accounting, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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17
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McKinley-Barnard SK, Andre TL, Gann JJ, Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Effectiveness of Fish Oil Supplementation in Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Women During Midfollicular and Midluteal Menstrual Phases. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1601-1612. [PMID: 28930874 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
McKinley-Barnard, SK, Andre, TL, Gann, JJ, Hwang, PS, and Willoughby, DS. Effectiveness of fish oil supplementation in attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in females during midfollicular and midluteal menstrual phases. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1601-1612, 2018-The purpose of this study was to determine whether the differences in estrogen levels during the female menstrual cycle and fish oil supplementation would attenuate eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In a double-blind fashion, 22 physically active females (20.9 ± 1.4 years, 63.5 ± 9.0 kg, 165.2 ± 7.5 cm) were randomly assigned to ingest either 6 g of fish oil (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11) daily for 21 days. Participants underwent an eccentric exercise bout of the knee extensors on 2 occasions during the midfollicular (MF) and midluteal (ML) phases of the 28-day menstrual cycle. Before (PRE), at 6 (6HRPOST), and at 24 hours postexercise (24HRPOST) for each session, participants underwent assessments of DOMS, muscle strength, and had venous blood samples and muscle biopsies obtained. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 × 3 repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance for each criterion variable (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis of the main effects for the test was performed using separate 1-way analyses of variance. Delayed-onset muscle soreness was significantly greater at the 6HRPOST and 24HRPOST timepoints compared with PRE (p < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were significantly higher at the MF phase compared with the ML phase (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences observed for muscle strength, myoglobin, NF-Kβ p50, or NF-Kβ p65. This study demonstrates that higher levels of estrogen may exert a cytoprotective effect on the sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L Andre
- Department of Health and Fitness Management, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia
| | - Joshua J Gann
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Paul S Hwang
- Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
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Aerobic Training Prevents Heatstrokes in Calsequestrin-1 Knockout Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4652480. [PMID: 29849896 PMCID: PMC5903204 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4652480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calsequestrin-1 knockout (CASQ1-null) mice suffer lethal episodes when exposed to strenuous exercise and environmental heat, crises known as exertional/environmental heatstroke (EHS). We previously demonstrated that administration of exogenous antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and trolox) reduces CASQ1-null mortality during exposure to heat. As aerobic training is known to boost endogenous antioxidant protection, we subjected CASQ1-null mice to treadmill running for 2 months at 60% of their maximal speed for 1 h, 5 times/week. When exposed to heat stress protocol (41°C/1 h), the mortality rate of CASQ1-null mice was significantly reduced compared to untrained animals (86% versus 16%). Protection from heatstrokes was accompanied by a reduced increase in core temperature during the stress protocol and by an increased threshold of response to caffeine of isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles during in vitro contracture test. At cellular and molecular levels, aerobic training (i) improved mitochondrial function while reducing their damage and (ii) lowered calpain activity and lipid peroxidation in membranes isolated from sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Based on this evidence, we hypothesize that the protective effect of aerobic training is essentially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress during exposure of CASQ1-null mice to adverse environmental conditions.
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Meyer MR, Barton M. GPER blockers as Nox downregulators: A new drug class to target chronic non-communicable diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:82-87. [PMID: 28343901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of chronic non-communicable diseases such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and chronic renal disease. Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NAPDH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and additional Nox isoforms among other sources. Activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) can mediate multiple salutary effects on the cardiovascular system. However, GPER also has constitutive activity, e.g. in the absence of specific agonists, that was recently shown to promote hypertension and aging-induced tissue damage by promoting Nox1-derived production of ROS. Furthermore, the small molecule GPER blocker (GRB) G36 reduces blood pressure and vascular ROS production by selectively down-regulating Nox1 expression. These unexpected findings revealed GRBs as first in class Nox downregulators capable to selectively reduce the increased expression and activity of Nox1 in disease conditions. Here, we will discuss the paradigm shift from selective GPER activation to ligand-independent, constitutive GPER signaling as a key regulator of Nox-derived oxidative stress, and the surprising identification of GRBs as the first Nox downregulators for the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Meyer
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Cardiology, Triemli City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Colón JM, González PA, Cajigas Á, Maldonado WI, Torrado AI, Santiago JM, Salgado IK, Miranda JD. Continuous tamoxifen delivery improves locomotor recovery 6h after spinal cord injury by neuronal and glial mechanisms in male rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:109-121. [PMID: 29037533 PMCID: PMC5723542 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No treatment is available for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Patients often arrive to the hospital hours after SCI suggesting the need of a therapy that can be used on a clinically relevant window. Previous studies showed that Tamoxifen (TAM) treatment 24h after SCI benefits locomotor recovery in female rats. Tamoxifen exerts beneficial effects in male and female rodents but a gap of knowledge exists on: the therapeutic window of TAM, the spatio-temporal mechanisms activated and if this response is sexually dimorphic. We hypothesized that TAM will favor locomotor recovery when administered up-to 24h after SCI in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received a thoracic (T10) contusion using the MACSIS impactor followed by placebo or TAM (15mg/21days) pellets in a therapeutic window of 0, 6, 12, or 24h. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 7, 14, 28 or 35days post injury (DPI) to study the molecular and cellular changes in the acute and chronic stages. Immediate or delayed therapy (t=6h) improved locomotor function, increased white matter spared tissue, and neuronal survival. TAM reduced reactive gliosis during chronic stages and increased the expression of Olig-2. A significant difference was observed in estrogen receptor alpha between male and female rodents from 2 to 28 DPI suggesting a sexually dimorphic characteristic that could be related to the behavioral differences observed in the therapeutic window of TAM. This study supports the use of TAM in the SCI setting due to its neuroprotective effects but with a significant sexually dimorphic therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Colón
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Pablo A González
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Ámbar Cajigas
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Wanda I Maldonado
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Carolina, PR 00984, USA.
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - José M Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Carolina, PR 00984, USA.
| | - Iris K Salgado
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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Estrogens Protect Calsequestrin-1 Knockout Mice from Lethal Hyperthermic Episodes by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6936897. [PMID: 29062464 PMCID: PMC5610815 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6936897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a key role in malignant hyperthermia (MH), a syndrome caused by excessive Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. Incidence of mortality in male calsequestrin-1 knockout (CASQ1-null) mice during exposure to halothane and heat (a syndrome closely resembling human MH) is far greater than that in females. To investigate the possible role of sex hormones in this still unexplained gender difference, we treated male and female CASQ1-null mice for 1 month, respectively, with Premarin (conjugated estrogens) and leuprolide (GnRH analog) and discovered that during exposure to halothane and heat Premarin reduced the mortality rate in males (79-27% and 86-20%), while leuprolide increased the incidence of mortality in females (18-73% and 24-82%). We then evaluated the (a) responsiveness of isolated muscles to temperature and caffeine, (b) sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in single fibers, and (c) oxidative stress and the expression levels of main enzymes involved in the regulation of the redox balance in muscle. Premarin treatment reduced the temperature and caffeine sensitivity of EDL muscles, normalized SR Ca2+ release, and reduced oxidative stress in males, suggesting that female sex hormones may protect mice from lethal hyperthermic episodes by reducing both the SR Ca2+ leak and oxidative stress.
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22
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Kanno SI, Tomizawa A, Yomogida S, Hara A. Glutathione peroxidase 3 is a protective factor against acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:748-754. [PMID: 28677736 PMCID: PMC5547967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available antipyretic and analgesic; however, overdose of the drug inflicts severe damage to the liver. It is well established that the hepatotoxicity of APAP is initiated by formation of a reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which can be detoxified by conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH), a typical antioxidant. We recently found that the blood mRNA expression level of glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), which catalyzes the oxidation of GSH, is associated with the extent of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The present study was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro role of GPx3 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In in vivo experiments, oral administration of APAP to mice induced liver injury. Such liver injury was greater in males than in females, although no gender difference in the plasma concentration of APAP was found. Female mice had a 2-fold higher expression of Gpx3 mRNA and higher plasma GPx activity than male mice. 17β-estradiol, a major female hormone, decreased APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and increased both the expression of blood Gpx3 mRNA and plasma GPx activity, suggesting that the cytoprotective action of this hormone is mediated by the increase in GPx3. To further clarify the role of GPx3 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, we evaluated the effect of a change in cellular GPx3 expression resulting from transfection of either siRNA-GPx3 or a GPx3 expression vector on NAPQI-induced cellular injury (as assessed by a tetrazolium assay) in in vitro experiments using heterogeneous cultured human cell lines (Huh-7 or K562). NAPQI-induced cell death was reduced by increased GPx3 and was enhanced by decreased GPx3. These results suggest that GPx3 is an important factor for inhibition of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show a hepatoprotective role of cellular GPx3 against APAP-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syu-Ichi Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aoba‑ku, Sendai 981‑8558, Japan
| | - Ayako Tomizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aoba‑ku, Sendai 981‑8558, Japan
| | - Shin Yomogida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aoba‑ku, Sendai 981‑8558, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aoba‑ku, Sendai 981‑8558, Japan
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Boese AC, Kim SC, Yin KJ, Lee JP, Hamblin MH. Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are physiologically similar, and this notion has resulted in women being clinically evaluated and treated for cardiovascular pathophysiological complications as men. Currently, there is increased recognition of fundamental sex differences in cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling, and pathophysiology. The National Institutes of Health have enacted guidelines expressly to gain knowledge about ways the sexes differ in both normal function and diseases at the various research levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ system). Greater understanding of these sex differences will be used to steer future directions in the biomedical sciences and translational and clinical research. This review describes sex-based differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the vasculature, with a special emphasis on sex steroid receptor (estrogen and androgen receptor) signaling and their potential impact on vascular function in health and diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysms, cerebral aneurysms, and stroke).
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Seong C Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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de Oliveira Alvim R, Mourao CA, Magalhães GL, de Oliveira CM, Krieger JE, Mill JG, Pereira AC. Non-HDL cholesterol is a good predictor of the risk of increased arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women in an urban Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:106-110. [PMID: 28273234 PMCID: PMC5304361 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(02)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness is an important determinant of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile impairment, especially hypercholesterolemia, is associated with stiffer blood vessels. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine which of the five circulating lipid components (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides) is the best predictor of increased arterial stiffness in an urban Brazilian population. METHODS: A random sample of 1,662 individuals from the general population of Vitoria, Brazil (25-64 years), was selected, and lipid components were measured using standard methods. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a non-invasive automatic device, and increased arterial stiffness was defined as a pulse wave velocity ≥10 m/s. RESULTS: In men, only total cholesterol (OR=1.59; CI=1.02 to 2.48, p=0.04) was associated with the risk of increased arterial stiffness. In women, HDL-C (OR=1.99; CI=1.18 to 3.35, p=0.01) and non-HDL-C (OR=1.61; CI=1.01 to 2.56, p=0.04) were good predictors of the risk of increased arterial stiffness. However, these associations were only found in postmenopausal women (OR=2.06; CI=1.00 to 4.26, p=0.05 for HDL-C and OR=1.83; CI=1.01 to 3.33, p=0.04 for non-HDL-C). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that both HDL-C and non-HDL-C are good predictors of the risk of increased arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women in an urban Brazilian population and may be useful tools for assessing the risk of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Oliveira Alvim
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Saúde Pública, Vitória/ES, Brazil
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Carlos Alberto Mourao
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento Fisiologia, Juiz de Fora/MG, Brazil
| | - Géssica Lopes Magalhães
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (INCOR), Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Maciel de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (INCOR), Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (INCOR), Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Saúde Pública, Vitória/ES, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (INCOR), Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Protective effect of Caralluma fimbriata against high-fat diet induced testicular oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:167-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Diaz-Castro J, Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Kajarabille N, de Paco C, Garrido-Sanchez M, Prados S, Ochoa JJ. Gender specific differences in oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in healthy term neonates and their mothers. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:595-601. [PMID: 27331351 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender is a crucial determinant of life span, but little is known about gender differences in free radical homeostasis and inflammatory signaling. The aim of the study was to determine gender-related differences concerning oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling of healthy neonates and mothers. METHODS Fifty-six mothers with normal gestational course and spontaneous delivery were selected. Blood samples were collected from the mother (at the beginning of delivery and start of expulsive period) and from neonate (from umbilical cord vein and artery). RESULTS The mothers of girls featured a higher total antioxidant status and lower plasma hydroperoxides than the mother of boys. Regarding the neonates, the girls featured a higher total antioxidant status and lower plasma membrane hydroperoxides in umbilical cord artery together with higher catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Lower levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin E2 were observed in the mothers of girls and higher level of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II. In the neonates, lower levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed in umbilical artery and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II in umbilical cord vein and artery of girls. CONCLUSION An association between gender, oxidative stress, and inflammation signaling exists, leading to a renewed interest in the neonate's sex as a potential risk factor to several alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Naroa Kajarabille
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Catalina de Paco
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Garrido-Sanchez
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Prados
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Wight E, Küng CF, Moreau P, Takase H, Bersinger NA, Lüscher TF. Aging, Serum Estradiol Levels, and Pregnancy Differentially Affect Vascular Reactivity of the Rat Uterine Artery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - T. F. Lüscher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cardiology, University HOspital Zurich and Cardiovascular Research, Cardiology, Inselspital/University Hospital, Bern; University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern, Switzerland
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Bilodeau PA, Coyne ES, Wing SS. The ubiquitin proteasome system in atrophying skeletal muscle: roles and regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C392-403. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00125.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy complicates many diseases as well as aging, and its presence predicts both decreased quality of life and survival. Much work has been conducted to define the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining protein homeostasis in muscle. To date, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been shown to play an important role in mediating muscle wasting. In this review, we have collated the enzymes in the UPS whose roles in muscle wasting have been confirmed through loss-of-function studies. We have integrated information on their mechanisms of action to create a model of how they work together to produce muscle atrophy. These enzymes are involved in promoting myofibrillar disassembly and degradation, activation of autophagy, inhibition of myogenesis as well as in modulating the signaling pathways that control these processes. Many anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways are involved in regulating these UPS genes, but none appear to coordinately regulate a large number of these genes. A number of catabolic signaling pathways appear to instead function by inhibition of the insulin/IGF-I/protein kinase B anabolic pathway. This pathway is a critical determinant of muscle mass, since it can suppress key ubiquitin ligases and autophagy, activate protein synthesis, and promote myogenesis through its downstream mediators such as forkhead box O, mammalian target of rapamycin, and GSK3β, respectively. Although much progress has been made, a more complete inventory of the UPS genes involved in mediating muscle atrophy, their mechanisms of action, and their regulation will be useful for identifying novel therapeutic approaches to this important clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A. Bilodeau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Erin S. Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon S. Wing
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Effect of Cross-Sex Hormonal Replacement on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Retroperitoneal Fat Adipocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1527873. [PMID: 27630756 PMCID: PMC5007368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1527873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of cross-sex hormonal replacement on antioxidant enzymes from rat retroperitoneal fat adipocytes. Eight rats of each gender were assigned to each of the following groups: control groups were intact female or male (F and M, resp.). Experimental groups were ovariectomized F (OvxF), castrated M (CasM), OvxF plus testosterone (OvxF + T), and CasM plus estradiol (CasM + E2) groups. After sacrifice, retroperitoneal fat was dissected and processed for histology. Adipocytes were isolated and the following enzymatic activities were determined: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. In OvxF, retroperitoneal fat increased and adipocytes were enlarged, while in CasM rats a decrease in retroperitoneal fat and small adipocytes are observed. The cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats was associated with larger adipocytes and a further decreased activity of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, and GSH, in addition to an increase in LPO. CasM + E2 exhibited the opposite effects showing further activation antioxidant enzymes and decreases in LPO. In conclusion, E2 deficiency favors an increase in retroperitoneal fat and large adipocytes. Cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats aggravates the condition by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes.
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The Appraisement of Antioxidant and Oxidant Status in Women Undergoing Surgical Menopause. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:179-185. [PMID: 28428692 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to study the impact of surgical menopause on oxidant and antioxidant status in relation to estrogen levels after 3 months of surgery. Total 130 women who had undergone total hysterectomy (TH) with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) were included in this study. The oxidant status was assessed by measuring plasma levels of malondialdehyde and antioxidant status was assessed by measuring superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, estrogen, and Vitamin A, E and C levels. The malondialdehyde level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all women who underwent TH with or without BSO. Significant increased levels of superoxide dismutase were observed in women who underwent TH with BSO. The blood glutathione levels were significantly decreased in women after TH only but significantly increased in women who had undergone TH with BSO. The levels of estrogen, vitamin E and vitamin C were significantly decreased in women who underwent TH with BSO. The catalase, GPx and vitamin A did not differ significantly in all groups. The result suggests that surgical menopause is associated with oxidative stress which reiterates the fact that ovaries retain some function even after menopause.
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31
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Schmitt GC, Arbo MD, Lorensi AL, Jacques ALB, Nascimento SND, Mariotti KDC, Garcia SC, Dallegrave E, Leal MB, Limberger RP. Gender differences in biochemical markers and oxidative stress of rats after 28 days oral exposure to a mixture used for weight loss containing p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The association of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine in dietary supplements and weight loss products is very common worldwide, even though ephedrine has been prohibited in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 28-day oral exposure toxicity profile of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine mixture (10:4:6:80 w/w respectively) in male and female Wistar rats. Body weight and signs of toxicity, morbidity, and mortality were observed daily. After 28 days, animals were euthanized and blood collected for hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress evaluation. No clinical signs of toxicity, significant weight loss or deaths occurred, nor were there any significant alterations in hematological parameters. Biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers showed lipid peroxidation, and hepatic and renal damage (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in male rats (100 and 150 mg/kg) and a reduction (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in glutathione (GSH) levels in all male groups. Female groups displayed no indications of oxidative stress or biochemical alterations. The different toxicity profile displayed by male and female rats suggests a hormonal influence on mixture effects. Results demonstrated that the tested mixture can alter oxidative status and promote renal and hepatic damages.
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Goy B, Atmaca M, Aslan M, Ucler R, Alay M, Seven I, Demir H, Ozturk M. Relationship between serum DHEAS and oxidative stress levels of body mass index in healthy postmenopausal women. Redox Rep 2016; 21:61-6. [PMID: 26024430 PMCID: PMC6837362 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menopause is a natural step in the process of aging. Postmenopausal women have decreased levels of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress, the latter of which plays an important role in atherogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of the body mass index (BMI) with serum catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels in healthy postmenopausal women and estimate whether the MDA/DHEAS ratio is a possible marker of oxidative stress for determining cardiovascular risk in these women. METHODS We investigated serum catalase activity, MDA, and DHEAS levels, parity history, age, and BMI in 96 healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-82 years. The serum MDA levels and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically. The serum DHEAS levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ratio percentage of the serum DHEAS levels to serum MDA levels was designated as a biomarker for oxidative stress. RESULTS The mean BMI of the patients was 31.72 ± 6.16 kg/m(2) (range = 20.5-47.94). The MDA/DHEAS ratio was significantly decreased in patients with a BMI over 30 compared to that of patients with a BMI between 25 and 30 (P = 0.025). Moreover, BMI was positively correlated with serum DHEAS levels (r = 0.285, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the MDA/DHEAS ratio (r = -0.241, P < 0.05) in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, BMI was observed to be a potential predictor of the MDA/DHEAS ratio based on covariance analysis (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that healthy, obese, postmenopausal women have a decreased MDA/DHEAS ratio. Additionally, BMI was observed to be a potential predictor of the MDA/DHEAS ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Goy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Murat Atmaca
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Rıfkı Ucler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Murat Alay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ismet Seven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozturk
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Faculty, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Salgado IK, Torrado AI, Santiago JM, Miranda JD. Tamoxifen and Src kinase inhibitors as neuroprotective/neuroregenerative drugs after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:385-90. [PMID: 25878585 PMCID: PMC4396099 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that produces significant changes in the lifestyle of patients. Many molecular and cellular events are triggered after the initial physical impact to the cord. Two major phases have been described in the field of SCI: an acute phase and late phase. Most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the late phase because this provides an opportunity to target cellular events like apoptosis, demyelination, scar formation and axonal outgrowth. In this mini-review, we will focus on two agents (tamoxifen and a Src kinase family inhibitor known as PP2) that have been shown in our laboratory to produce neuroprotective (increase cell survival) and/or regenerative (axonal outgrowth) actions. The animal model used in our laboratory is adult female rat (~250 g) with a moderate contusion (12.5 mm) to the spinal cord at the T10 level, using the MASCIS impactor device. Tamoxifen or PP2 was administered by implantation of a 15 mg pellet (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA) or by intraperitoneal injections (1.5 mg/kg, every 3 days), respectively, to produce a long-term effect (28 days). Tamoxifen and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, are drugs that in rats with a moderate spinal cord injury promote functional locomotor recovery, increase spared white matter tissue, and stimulate axonal outgrowth. Moreover, tamoxifen reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, these drugs are possible therapeutic agents that have a neuroprotective/regenerative activity in vertebrates with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Salgado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jose M Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Department of Natural Sciences, Carolina, PR 00984, USA
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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Protective actions of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on oxidative neuronal injury induced by organometallic compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:343706. [PMID: 25815107 PMCID: PMC4359856 DOI: 10.1155/2015/343706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones synthesized in and secreted from peripheral endocrine glands pass through the blood-brain barrier and play a role in the central nervous system. In addition, the brain possesses an inherent endocrine system and synthesizes steroid hormones known as neurosteroids. Increasing evidence shows that neuroactive steroids protect the central nervous system from various harmful stimuli. Reports show that the neuroprotective actions of steroid hormones attenuate oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the antioxidative effects of neuroactive steroids, especially 17β-estradiol and progesterone, on neuronal injury in the central nervous system under various pathological conditions, and then describe our recent findings concerning the neuroprotective actions of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on oxidative neuronal injury induced by organometallic compounds, tributyltin, and methylmercury.
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Oxidative stress contributes to large elastic arterial stiffening across the stages of the menopausal transition. Menopause 2015; 21:624-32. [PMID: 24149926 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear how changes in ovarian hormones during the menopausal transition contribute to age-associated arterial stiffening. We sought to evaluate differences in arterial stiffness and the role of oxidative stress across the stages of the menopausal transition in healthy women. METHODS Arterial stiffness (carotid artery compliance and ultrasound) was measured during immediate infusions of saline (control) and ascorbic acid (experimental model to immediately decrease oxidative stress) in 97 healthy women (22-70 y) classified as premenopausal (n = 24; mean [SD] age, 33 [7] y), early perimenopausal (n = 21; 49 [3] y) or late perimenopausal (n = 21; 50 [4] y), or postmenopausal (n = 31; 57 [5] y). RESULTS Basal carotid artery compliance was different among the groups (P < 0.001). Mean [SD] compliance was highest in premenopausal women (1.31 [0.25] mm/mm Hg × 10), with progressive decrements in perimenopausal (early perimenopausal, 0.98 [0.31] mm/mm Hg × 10; late perimenopausal, 0.90 [0.25] mm/mm Hg × 10) and postmenopausal (0.75 [0.24] mm/mm Hg × 10) women. Ascorbic acid infusion improved compliance in late perimenopausal (15% [18%] increase, P = 0.001) and postmenopausal (17% [26%] increase, P = 0.002) women but not in early perimenopausal or premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Arterial stiffening worsens across the stages of the menopausal transition in healthy women. This seems to be mediated, in part, by oxidative stress, particularly during the late perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. It remains uncertain whether this is specifically caused by loss of ovarian function or aging.
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Carneiro SS, Carminati RZ, Freitas FPS, Podratz PL, Balarini CM, Graceli JB, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Gava AL. Endogenous female sex hormones delay the development of renal dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:176. [PMID: 25422135 PMCID: PMC4280709 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for the development of kidney injury. Considering that female sex hormones may play a preventative role in both cardiovascular and renal diseases, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of female sex hormones on hypercholesterolemia-induced renal dysfunction. Methods Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE) and C57 control female mice underwent an ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery and after 2 months, creatinine clearance, uremia and proteinuria were determined. Renal oxidative stress and lipid deposition were also quantified. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results Creatinine clearance (μL/min) was similar between C57 (171 ± 17) and ApoE (140 ± 26) mice underwent sham surgery. OVX resulted in a reduced glomerular filtration rate in both C57 (112 ± 8, ~ − 35%, p < 0.05) and ApoE (61 ± 10, ~ − 56%, p < 0.05) animals. Plasma levels of urea (mg/dL) were higher in both ApoE groups (Sham: 73 ± 7; OVX: 73 ± 8, p < 0.05) when compared to C57 animals (Sham: 49 ± 3; OVX: 60 ± 4), with no changes among ovariectomized groups. Proteinuria levels (mg/24 h) were similar between C57 (Sham: 25.1 ± 5.7; OVX: 33.7 ± 4.7) and ApoE sham animals (26.4 ± 3.5), however, 24-h urine protein excretion was augmented in ApoE OVX animals (49.6 ± 5.8, p < 0.05). Histological kidney analysis demonstrated that the absence of female sex hormones resulted in increased oxidative stress, which was more severe in ApoE mice (C57 Sham: 9.2 ± 0.4; C57 OVX: 22.9 ± 1.0; ApoE Sham: 13.9 ± 0.7; ApoE OVX: 34.0 ± 1.4 au x 103, p < 0.05). As expected, ApoE mice presented higher lipid deposition, which was not affected by OVX (C57 Sham: 0 ± 0; C57 OVX: 0 ± 0; ApoE Sham: 6.8 ± 1.6; ApoE OVX: 5.2 ± 0.8% x 10−2, p < 0.05). Ovariectomy resulted in a similar reduction in ER-α protein expression in the renal cortex (C57: 0.78 ± 0.04; ApoE: 0.81 ± 0.04 au, p < 0.05) when compared to sham animals (C57:1.00 ± 0.04; ApoE: 1.03 ± 0.03 au). Conclusion Taken together these data indicate that female sex hormones may delay hypercholesterolemia-induced renal dysfunction and emphasizes the importance of plasma cholesterol control in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jones B Graceli
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, 29042-755 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Bortolasci CC, Maes M, Vargas HO, Souza-Nogueira A, Moreira EG, Nunes SOV, Berk M, Dodd S, Barbosa DS. Paraoxonase 1 status and interactions between Q192R functional genotypes by smoking contribute significantly to total plasma radical trapping antioxidant potential. Neurosci Lett 2014; 581:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gonadal steroids negatively modulate oxidative stress in CBA/Ca female mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:805495. [PMID: 25243182 PMCID: PMC4163401 DOI: 10.1155/2014/805495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We decreased the level of gonadal steroids in female and male mice by gonadectomy. We infected these mice with P. berghei ANKA and observed the subsequent impact on the oxidative stress response. Intact females developed lower levels of parasitaemia and lost weight faster than intact males. Gonadectomised female mice displayed increased levels of parasitaemia, increased body mass, and increased anaemia compared with their male counterparts. In addition, gonadectomised females exhibited lower specific catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in their blood and spleen tissues compared with gonadectomised males. To further study the oxidative stress response in P. berghei ANKA-infected gonadectomised mice, nitric oxide levels were assessed in the blood and spleen, and MDA levels were assessed in the spleen. Intact, sham-operated, and gonadectomised female mice exhibited higher levels of nitric oxide in the blood and spleen compared with male mice. MDA levels were higher in all of the female groups. Finally, gonadectomy significantly increased the oxidative stress levels in females but not in males. These data suggest that differential oxidative stress is influenced by oestrogens that may contribute to sexual dimorphism in malaria.
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Han G, White RE. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor as a new therapeutic target for treating coronary artery disease. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:367-375. [PMID: 24976908 PMCID: PMC4072826 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be the greatest mortality risk factor in the developed world. Estrogens are recognized to have great therapeutic potential to treat CHD and other cardiovascular diseases; however, a significant array of potentially debilitating side effects continues to limit their use. Moreover, recent clinical trials have indicated that long-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy may actually be detrimental to cardiovascular health. An exciting new development is the finding that the more recently discovered G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is expressed in coronary arteries-both in coronary endothelium and in smooth muscle within the vascular wall. Accumulating evidence indicates that GPER activation dilates coronary arteries and can also inhibit the proliferation and migration of coronary smooth muscle cells. Thus, selective GPER activation has the potential to increase coronary blood flow and possibly limit the debilitating consequences of coronary atherosclerotic disease. This review will highlight what is currently known regarding the impact of GPER activation on coronary arteries and the potential signaling mechanisms stimulated by GPER agonists in these vessels. A thorough understanding of GPER function in coronary arteries may promote the development of new therapies that would help alleviate CHD, while limiting the potentially dangerous side effects of estrogen therapy.
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Long-term effects of ageing and ovariectomy on aversive and recognition memory and DNA damage in the hippocampus of female rats. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2014; 26:161-9. [PMID: 25142192 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of ageing - in particular the decrease of gonadal hormone levels during the ageing process - on the memory and the levels of DNA damage in the hippocampus of female rats. METHODS Three groups of female Wistar rats were investigated: Group I consisted of non-ovariectomised, adult animals (6 months old); Group II consisted of non-ovariectomised, aged animals (18 months old); and Group III consisted of ovariectomised, aged animals (18 months old). The memory of the animals in these groups was examined via novel object recognition and inhibitory avoidance tests. The hippocampus tissue samples of all animals were obtained via biopsy and used to quantify the DNA damage using a Comet Assay. RESULTS According to our findings, the process of ageing results in a change during the behavioural tests. To prevent genotoxic damage to the hippocampus caused by the ageing process, lowered hormone levels seem to be part of a protective biochemical mechanism in the body of rats. Animals that were previously submitted to an ovariectomy adapted better to these lower levels of hormones. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ovariectomy can provide beneficial long-term effects on the memory. However, this could be specific to the kind of memory examined, as the aversive memory deficits caused by ageing were not affected by ovariectomy.
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Mosquera L, Colón JM, Santiago JM, Torrado AI, Meléndez M, Segarra AC, Rodríguez-Orengo JF, Miranda JD. Tamoxifen and estradiol improved locomotor function and increased spared tissue in rats after spinal cord injury: their antioxidant effect and role of estrogen receptor alpha. Brain Res 2014; 1561:11-22. [PMID: 24637260 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol is a multi-active steroid that imparts neuroprotection via diverse mechanisms of action. However, its role as a neuroprotective agent after spinal cord injury (SCI), or the involvement of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) in locomotor recovery, is still a subject of much debate. In this study, we evaluated the effects of estradiol and of Tamoxifen (an estrogen receptor mixed agonist/antagonist) on locomotor recovery following SCI. To control estradiol cyclical variability, ovariectomized female rats received empty or estradiol filled implants, prior to a moderate contusion to the spinal cord. Estradiol improved locomotor function at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post injury (DPI), when compared to control groups (measured with the BBB open field test). This effect was ER-α mediated, because functional recovery was blocked with an ER-α antagonist. We also observed that ER-α was up-regulated after SCI. Long-term treatment (28 DPI) with estradiol and Tamoxifen reduced the extent of the lesion cavity, an effect also mediated by ER-α. The antioxidant effects of estradiol were seen acutely at 2 DPI but not at 28 DPI, and this acute effect was not receptor mediated. Rats treated with Tamoxifen recovered some locomotor activity at 21 and 28 DPI, which could be related to the antioxidant protection seen at these time points. These results show that estradiol improves functional outcome, and these protective effects are mediated by the ER-α dependent and independent-mechanisms. Tamoxifen׳s effects during late stages of SCI support the use of this drug as a long-term alternative treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurivette Mosquera
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jennifer M Colón
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - José M Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Department of Natural Sciences, Carolina, PR 00984, USA
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | | | - Annabell C Segarra
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - José F Rodríguez-Orengo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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Wan L, O’Brien P. Molecular mechanism of 17α-ethinylestradiol cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:21-6. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (17-EE) is used in formulations of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy because it is an estradiol derivative. However, it has been associated with an increase in the risk of liver cancers and injury. The carcinogenic properties of 17-EE are similar to that of other estrogens, but the molecular mechanism of liver injury is still unclear. It is important to identify any secondary toxic mechanisms that can be used to prevent or treat the toxicity. The LC50 of 17-EE toward isolated rat hepatocytes was determined to be 150 ± 8 μmol/L. Accelerated cytotoxicity mechanism screening (ACMS) techniques using isolated rat hepatocytes showed that CYP1A inhibitors decreased cytotoxicity, whereas tyrosinase increased toxicity; this suggests that the toxic mechanism involved is the oxidation of 17-EE. A hepatocyte inflammation model also increased 17-EE-induced mitochondrial toxicity, as well as the formation of ROS and H2O2. Cytotoxicity was increased when inhibitors of quinone reduction, catechol-O-methylation, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, and sulfation were co-incubated with 17-EE. The hepatocytes could be rescued with antioxidants and quinone trapping agents, thereby suggesting a role for quinoid moiety induced oxidative stress in 17-EE induced cytotoxicity. These mechanisms for 17-EE hepatotoxicity could provide a new perspective for the treating 17-EE-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
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Abstract
In view of recent findings on the anatomic heterogeneity of rapid vasodilation via estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent mechanisms, it is obvious that with regard to human physiology and disease much of it is still unknown, and research in this area is urgently needed. This is also important because chronic drug therapy with estrogens in women systemically affects the circulation and may affect certain arterial beds but not others. It is conceivable that the presence of any vascular disease (as was the case for coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in many of the patients in the large randomized controlled trials HERS and WHI) is likely to affect vascular responses to estrogens as well, and that any beneficial effects may be attenuated or even completely lost. Further work is required to decipher the mechanisms of vasodilation brought about by estrogens in humans and experimental animals, whether anatomic heterogeneity exists with regard to vascular beds and individual estrogen receptors, and how vascular disease (atherosclerosis in particular) affects responsiveness. Also, pharmacologcial tools for newly identified ERs are now available. The hypothesis that disease may modify or even abrogate estrogen-dependent or ER-selective vasodilation should also be tested. Finally, given that certain clinically approved drugs such as SERM or SERDs (thought only to block or downregulate nuclear ERs) actually cause vasodilation through GPER and have been shown in recent clinical studies to provide cardiovascular protection in postmenopausal women, we may have to rethink our current understanding, concepts, and strategies of how to interfere with the increased risk of vascular disease in women with estrogen deficiency or after menopause.
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Bloomer RJ, Lee SR. Women experience lower postprandial oxidative stress compared to men. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:553. [PMID: 25674404 PMCID: PMC4320247 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Women have enhanced triglyceride (TAG) removal from the circulation following consumption of high-fat loads, potentially leading to decreased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation. This may have implications related to long-term health outcomes. We examined the oxidative stress response to high-fat feeding between men and women to determine if women are less prone to postprandial oxidative stress as compared to men. Methods A total of 49 women (mean age: 31 ± 12 yrs) and 49 men (mean age: 27 ± 9 yrs) consumed a high-fat meal in the morning hours following a 10–12 hour overnight fast. Blood samples were collected before and at 2 and 4 hours after the meal. Samples were analyzed for TAG, various markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], Advanced Oxidation Protein Products [AOPP], nitrate/nitrite [NOx]), and Trolox-Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each variable. Effect size calculations were performed using Cohen’s d. Data from the total sample of 98 subjects were collected as a part of six previously conducted studies in our lab focused on postprandial oxidative stress, between 2007 and 2012. Results AUC was higher for men compared to women for TAG (249.0 ± 21.5 vs. 145.0 ± 9.8 mg·dL-1·4 hr-1; p < 0.0001; effect size = 0.89), MDA (2.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.1 μmol·L-1·4 hr-1; p = 0.009; effect size = 0.47), H2O2 (29.9 ± 2.4 vs. 22.5 ± 1.6 μmol·L-1·4 hr-1; p = 0.001; effect size = 0.55), AOPP (92.8 ± 6.9 vs. 56.4 ± 3.7 μmol·L-1·4 hr-1; p < 0.0001; effect size = 1.38), and TEAC (1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 1.3 ± 0.0 mmol·L-1·4 hr-1; p = 0.002; effect size = 0.91). No significant difference was noted for NOx (42.2 ± 4.6 vs. 38.3 ± 3.5 μmol·L-1·4 hr-1 for men and women, respectively; p = 0.09; effect size = 0.17). Conclusion In the context of the current design, women experienced lower postprandial oxidative stress compared to men. Future work is needed to determine the potential health implications of lower postprandial oxidative stress in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bloomer
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN USA ; Department of Health and Sport Sciences, The University of Memphis, 106 Roane Field House, Memphis, TN 38152 USA
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN USA
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Kareem MA, Gadhamsetty SK, Shaik AH, Prasad EM, Kodidhela LD. Protective effect of nutmeg aqueous extract against experimentally-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2013; 4:216-23. [PMID: 24459388 PMCID: PMC3891177 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutmeg a well-known spice used as a folk medicine in India to treat stomach ailments. Worldwide it is commonly used for food preservation and fragrance. Abundant references were given for nutmeg in ayurveda, unani, and siddha as a single drug or as an important constituent in formulations. OBJECTIVE In the present study, nutmeg aqueous extract (NMAET) was evaluated against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant enzymes, liver functions tests, and lipid profile tests were performed using standard procedures. Histological examination of liver was done by fixing in formaldehyde solution and hematoxylin staining. RESULTS Oral administration of NMAET effectively inhibited the ISO-induced changes in the activities of hepatic marker and antioxidant enzymes in plasma and heart tissue along with lipid peroxidation levels. The liver sections of ISO administered rats showed massive fatty changes, necrosis, ballooning degeneration, and broad infiltration of the lymphocytes and the loss of cellular boundaries; these changes were completely absent in groups treated with extract. Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range tests were used to perform statistical analysis. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the NMAET possess significant potential as hepatoprotective and antioxidative agent against ISO-induced damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdul Kareem
- Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Saayi Krushna Gadhamsetty
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Althaf Hussain Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Cornelli U, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Finco A. Analysis of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:74. [PMID: 23915183 PMCID: PMC3765217 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data concerning the oxidative stress (OS) in plasma during the entire menstrual cycle of eumenorrheic women are available. METHODS OS was assessed in 20 healthy volunteers during the phase of the menstrual cycle by determining the plasmatic hydroperoxides levels (d-ROMs test). The assessment was performed every three days, starting from the first day (t1) up the end of the menstrual phase (t27). Concomitantly, the estrogen (E2) and progestin (P4) levels were determined at the same time intervals. RESULTS From a base value (t1) of 284 +/- 38.0 CARR.U., which is essentially within the normal range (<300 Carratelli units or CARR.U.), the OS levels progressively increased to 378 +/- 115 CARR.U. at t15, and then slightly decreased over the subsequent time but with average values >300 CARR.U. Analysis of the E2 levels showed that the maximum OS values were noticed near the estrogen peak, while remaining above the base levels, and then decreased during the progestin phase until returning to normal at the end of the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS It may concludes that the healthy women go into OS for 2/3 of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Annarosa Finco
- Cor Con. International Srl Res Department, Parma, PR, Italy
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Sex- and age-dependent activity of glutathione peroxidase in reproductive organs in pre- and post-pubertal cattle in relation to total antioxidant capacity. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:365-70. [PMID: 23740597 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidative/oxidative balance is crucial for proper functioning of cells and tissues. It is suggested that this balance can be partly controlled by sex steroid hormones and in consequence can exhibit age- and sex-related dependency. The aim of present study was to describe sex- and age-related changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with respect to total antioxidant activity (TAC) in reproductive organs of cattle. Biological samples were collected from slaughterhouse and comprised of ovaries, uterus, testes as well as livers as reference tissue. Animals were divided into group of bulls (aged between 13 and 24 months; n = 12), cows (aged between 14 and 27 months; n = 12) and female calves (aged between 2 weeks and 2 months; n = 12). Examined parameters were determined spectrophotometrically and the presence of GSH-Px isoform was confirmed by Western blotting technique. Activity of GSH-Px in genital tissues regardless of sex was significantly higher than in livers, while TAC showed opposite relationship. The differences in antioxidative parameters between testes and mature ovaries (e.g. GSH-Px-1.42 ± 0.47 nkat/mg prot vs. 1.08 ± 0.24 and 1.15 ± 0.23) were noticed as well as in chosen values between cows and female calves. Western blotting allowed the detection of cytosolic GSH-Px in all examined tissues with molecular weight around 21 kDa as monomer and around 84 kDa as tetramer depending on conditions of electrophoresis. The results may confirm the influence and regulatory role of sex steroid hormones on GSH-Px activity because the alterations were sex and age dependent.
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Gooi JH, Richardson ML, Jelinic M, Girling JE, Wlodek ME, Tare M, Parry LJ. Enhanced Uterine Artery Stiffness in Aged Pregnant Relaxin Mutant Mice Is Reversed with Exogenous Relaxin Treatment1. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:18. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oestrogens are important modulators of lipid metabolism, inflammation and vascular homeostasis. Endogenous oestrogens contribute to the low prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in premenopausal women with intact ovarian function, and cessation of oestrogen production following menopause increases cardiovascular risk. Orally administered oestrogens such as postmenopausal hormone therapy increase HDL and reduce LDL cholesterol levels, and they increase triglyceride levels. Current guidelines do not recommend postmenopausal hormone therapy for cardiovascular prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical studies have suggested potential benefits of natural oestrogen or selective oestrogen receptor modulators on cardiovascular outcomes, effects that are associated with lipid profile improvements. In contrast to earlier studies such as the Women's Health Initiative, the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study or the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial, in which investigators used hormone mixtures derived from horse urine (misleadingly named 'conjugated oestrogens' with unknown activity on oestrogen receptors), triphasic oestrogen therapy started early after menopause as primary prevention study protocol improved outcome. New studies suggest therapeutic potential of natural oestrogens and certain selective oestrogen receptor modulators to reduce coronary artery disease risk in postmenopausal women. SUMMARY Endogenous oestrogens are important regulators of lipid metabolism and inhibit inflammation, vascular cell growth and plaque progression in premenopausal women. The recent trials warrant further studies, which should also determine how much of the potential benefits are due to improvements of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Mohagheghi F, Khalaj L, Ahmadiani A, Rahmani B. Gemfibrozil pretreatment affecting antioxidant defense system and inflammatory, but not Nrf-2 signaling pathways resulted in female neuroprotection and male neurotoxicity in the rat models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Neurotox Res 2013; 23:225-37. [PMID: 22773136 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two important pathophysiological mechanisms involved during cerebral ischemia are oxidative stress and inflammation. In pathological conditions such as brain ischemia the ability of free radicals production is greater than that of elimination by endogenous antioxidative systems, so brain is highly injured due to oxidation and neuroinflammation. Fibrates as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α ligands, are reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In this study, gemfibrozil, a fibrate is investigated for its therapeutic potential against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of male and female rats. This study particularly has focused on inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-related factor (Nrf)-2, as well as the activity of some endogenous antioxidant agents. It was found that pretreatment of animals with gemfibrozil prior to I/R resulted in a sexually dimorphic outcome. Within females it proved to be protective, modulating inflammatory factors and inducing antioxidant defense system including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, as well as glutathione level. However, Nrf-2 signaling pathway was not affected. It also decreased malondialdehyde level as an index of lipid peroxidation. In contrast, gemfibrozil pretreatment was toxic to males, enhancing the expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2, and decreasing Nrf-2 expression and SOD activity, leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration. Considering that gemfibrozil is a commonly used anti-hyperlipidemic agent in clinic, undoubtedly more investigations are crucial to exactly unravel its sex-dependent neuroprotective/neurodegenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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