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Arvinte T, Poirier E, Ersayin N, Darpin G, Cudd A, Dowd J, Brokx S. Aggregation of human plasma and of human blood induced in vitro by pegfilgrastim originator formulation buffer and pegfilgrastim products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:S0939-6411(23)00285-0. [PMID: 39492447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
PEGylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (pegfilgrastim) is used clinically to reduce the incidence and duration of severe neutropenia in patients who have received chemotherapy treatment. Pegfilgrastim products are administered by subcutaneous injection. We herein report that solutions of pegfilgrastim originator product Neulasta®, of a biosimilar product candidate, and also of the pegfilgrastim originator formulation buffer, induced aggregate formation when mixed in vitro with human plasma, and formation of large membranous aggregated structures when mixed with human blood. Human donor variability in the plasma aggregation induced by pegfilgrastim products was observed. In all donors less aggregation occurred in plasma mixtures with the biosimilar pegfilgrastim product candidate compared to the originator products. Instantaneous aggregation of erythrocytes and formation of large membranous aggregated structures of erythrocytes occurred in mixtures of human blood with pegfilgrastim buffer or pegfilgrastim products. The formation of the large membranous aggregated structures likely involved fusion of erythrocyte membranes; erythrocyte membrane fusion events were observed. Pegfilgrastim proteins in the products accelerated the formation of irreversible erythrocyte aggregated structures. Pegfilgrastim originator formulation buffer (10 mM Na-acetate pH 4.0, 274 mM sorbitol, 0.004% polysorbate 20) was identified as the main driver of the plasma and erythrocyte aggregation. Lipoprotein aggregation at low pH in the presence of sorbitol and erythrocyte membrane fusion induced by the lipoprotein aggregates, are proposed as the main mechanisms for the formation of plasma and blood aggregates. Such aggregation phenomena may also occur during pegfilgrastim clinical use and may be related to known side effects and individual variability in the efficacy of pegfilgrastim therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Dowd
- Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Xu E, Wu X, Zhang X, Zul K, Raza F, Su J, Qiu M. Study on the protection of dextran on erythrocytes during drug loading. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee K, Shirshin E, Rovnyagina N, Yaya F, Boujja Z, Priezzhev A, Wagner C. Dextran adsorption onto red blood cells revisited: single cell quantification by laser tweezers combined with microfluidics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2755-2764. [PMID: 30258688 PMCID: PMC6154185 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) is of importance for hemorheology, while its mechanism remains debatable. The key question is the role of the adsorption of macromolecules on RBC membranes, which may act as "bridges" between cells. It is especially important that dextran is considered to induce "bridge"-less aggregation due to the depletion forces. We revisit the dextran-RBC interaction on the single cell level using the laser tweezers combined with microfluidic technology and fluorescence microscopy. An immediate sorption of ~104 molecules of 70 kDa dextran per cell was observed. During the incubation of RBC with dextran, a gradual tenfold increase of adsorption was found, accompanied by a moderate change in the RBC deformability. The obtained data demonstrate that dextran sorption and incubation-induced changes of the membrane properties must be considered when studying RBC aggregation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisung Lee
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, D-66041, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Curremtly with Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Basic Science, Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Evgeny Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Nataliya Rovnyagina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Francois Yaya
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, D-66041, Germany
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR 5588 CNRS and University Grenoble–Alpes, Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, B.P. 87, 38402, France
| | - Zakaria Boujja
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, D-66041, Germany
- LaMCScI, University Mohamed V, Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alexander Priezzhev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, D-66041, Germany
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg
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Bose D, Patra M, Chakrabarti A. Effect of pH on stability, conformation, and chaperone activity of erythroid & non-erythroid spectrin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:694-702. [PMID: 28373029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin, a major component of the eukaryotic membrane skeleton, has been shown to have chaperone like activity. Here we investigate the pH induced changes in the structure and stability of erythroid and brain spectrin by spectroscopic methods. We also correlate these changes with modulations of chaperone potential at different pH. We have followed the pH induced structural changes by circular dichroism spectroscopy and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. It is seen that lowering the pH from 9 has little effect on structure of the proteins till about pH6. At pH4, there is significant change of the secondary structure of the proteins, along with a 5nm hypsochromic shift of the emission maxima. Below pH4 the proteins undergo acid denaturation. Probing exposed hydrophobic patches on the proteins using protein-bound 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate fluorescence demonstrates that there is higher solvent accessibility of hydrophobic surfaces in both forms of spectrin at around pH4. Dynamic light scattering and 90° light scattering studies show that the both forms of spectrin forms oligomers at pH~4. Chemical unfolding data shows that these oligomers are less stable than the tetrameric form. Aggregation studies with BSA show that at pH4, both spectrins exhibit better chaperone activity. This enhancement of chaperone like activity appears to result from an increase in regions of solvent-exposed hydrophobicity and oligomeric state of the spectrins which in turn are induced by moderately acid pH. This may have in-vivo implications in cells facing stress conditions where cytoplasmic pH is lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India.
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Sokolowska E, Kalaska B, Kaminski K, Lewandowska A, Blazejczyk A, Wietrzyk J, Kasacka I, Szczubialka K, Pawlak D, Nowakowska M, Mogielnicki A. The Toxicokinetic Profile of Dex40-GTMAC3-a Novel Polysaccharide Candidate for Reversal of Unfractionated Heparin. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 27014072 PMCID: PMC4794501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Though protamine sulfate is the only approved antidote of unfractionated heparin (UFH), yet may produce life threatening side effects such as systemic hypotension, catastrophic pulmonary vasoconstriction or allergic reactions. We have described 40 kDa dextrans (Dex40) substituted with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) as effective, immunogenically and hemodynamically neutral inhibitors of UFH. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in mice and rats toxicokinetic profile of the most promising polymer—Dex40-GTMAC3. Polymer was rapidly eliminated with a half-time of 12.5 ± 3.0 min in Wistar rats, and was mainly distributed to the kidneys and liver in mice. The safety studies included the measurement of blood count and blood biochemistry, erythrocyte osmotic fragility and the evaluation of the histological alterations in kidneys, liver and lungs of mice and rats in acute and chronic experiments. We found that Dex40-GTMAC3 is not only effective but also very well tolerated. Additionally, we found that protamine may cause overt hemolysis with appearance of permanent changes in the liver and kidneys. In summary, fast renal clearance behavior and generally low tissue accumulation of Dex40-GTMAC3 is likely to contribute to its superior to protamine biocompatibility. Intravenous administration of therapeutic doses to living animals does not result in the immunogenic, hemodynamic, blood, and organ toxicity. Dex40-GTMAC3 seems to be a promising effective and safe candidate for further clinical development as new UFH reversal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sokolowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Kaminski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Lewandowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Blazejczyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
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Garg A, Rai G, Lodhi S, Jain AP, Yadav AK. In-vitroandin-vivoassessment of dextran-appended cellulose acetate phthalate nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1525-35. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.978512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pribush A, Zilberman-Kravits D, Meyerstein N. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell aggregation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2006; 36:85-94. [PMID: 17091267 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-006-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanism of dextran-induced aggregation, the effect of the ionic strength (I) on the minimal shear stress (tau(c)) required to rupture RBC doublets was studied for suspensions with the external media containing 76 and 298 kDa dextrans. At low and high ionic strengths, tau(c) increases with increasing I, whereas at intermediate I values, tau(c) versus I dependencies reveal a plateau step. The non-monotonous shape of these curves disagrees with the depletion model of RBC aggregation and is consistent with the predictions of the bridging mechanism. Literature reports point out that elastic behavior of dextran molecules in low and high I regions is fairly typical of Hookean springs and hence predict an increase in tau(c) with increasing I. A plateau step is accounted for by the enthalpic component of the dextran elasticity due to the shear-induced chair-boat transition of the dextran's glucopyranose rings. A longer plateau step for suspensions with a higher molecular weight dextran is explained by a larger contribution of the enthalpic component to the dextran elasticity. Thus, the results reported in this study provide evidence that RBC aggregation is caused by the formation of dextran bridges between the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pribush
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Jackson JK, Winternitz CI, Burt HM. Mechanism of hemolysis of human erythrocytes exposed to monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. Preliminary characterization of membrane pores. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1281:45-52. [PMID: 8652603 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(96)00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcrystals of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) have the ability to cause rapid hemolysis of erythrocytes. The nature of the initial MSUM crystal-erythrocyte membrane binding interaction was investigated over a range of different ionic strength media. There was negligible binding of MSUM to erythrocyte ghost membranes in low ionic strength media such as isotonic mannitol but binding was dramatically increased in isotonic NaCl/mannitol solutions or isotonic mannitol containing 1 mM Ca2+. Hemolysis induced by MSUM crystals was preceded by the leakage of K+ from the cells suggesting a colloid-osmotic mechanism of hemolysis. The inclusion of large (oligosaccharide) molecules in the extracellular media or the modulation of the extracellular solution tonicity inhibited both the rate and extent of hemolysis supporting the concept of MSUM-induced pores followed by colloid osmotic hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jackson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Chattopadhyay D, Rathman JF, Chalmers JJ. The protective effect of specific medium additives with respect to bubble rupture. Biotechnol Bioeng 1995; 45:473-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260450603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Garrison LA, Frangos JA, Geselowitz DB, Lamson TC, Tarbell JM. A new mock circulatory loop and its application to the study of chemical additive and aortic pressure effects on hemolysis in the Penn State electric ventricular assist device. Artif Organs 1994; 18:397-407. [PMID: 7518669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new mock circulatory loop was developed for hemolysis studies associated with the Penn State electric ventricular assist device (EVAD). This flow loop has several advantages over previously designed loops. It is small enough to accommodate experiments in which only single units of blood are available, it is made out of biocompatible materials, it incorporates good geometry, and it provides normal physiological pressures and flows to both the aortic outlet and the venous inlet of the pumping device. Experiments with reduced aortic pressure but normal cardiac output showed that hemolysis in a loop with normal aortic blood pressure was significantly higher than that in a loop with lowered aortic pressure, thereby illustrating the importance of maintaining loop pressures as close as possible to those found in vivo. This data also imply that blood traveling through the left ventricle in an artificial heart may be subject to higher hemolysis rates than that traversing the right ventricle. Another set of experiments to determine the effects of 4 hemolysis or drag-reducing agents (Pluronic F-68, Dextran-40, Polyox WSR-301, and Praestol 2273TR) on blood trauma due to the EVAD and associated valves was performed. Results indicated that none of the additives significantly reduced hemolysis under the conditions found in the mock loop. Finally, a compilation of data gathered in these experiments showed that the index of hemolysis (IH) is dependent on hematocrit (HCT), which suggests that another parameter, IH/HCT, may be more suited to the quantification of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Garrison
- Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering Departments, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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