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Singh G, Prasad SM. Synergistic regulation of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide on biochemical components, exopolysaccharides, and nitrogen metabolism in nickel stressed rice field cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:521-543. [PMID: 38460108 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the regulatory mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) in nickel (Ni) stressed cyanobacteria viz., Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp. by analyzing growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical components (protein and carbohydrate), exopolysaccharides (EPS), inorganic nitrogen content, and activity of enzymes comprised in nitrogen metabolism and Ni accumulation. The 1 µM Ni substantially diminished growth by 18% and 22% in N. muscorum and Anabaena sp. respectively, along with declining the pigment contents (Chl a/Car ratio and phycobiliproteins), and biochemical components. It also exerted negative impacts on inorganic uptake of nitrate and nitrite contents; nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase; and ammonium assimilating enzymes (glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase exhibited a reverse trend) activities. Nonetheless, the adverse impact of Ni can be mitigated through the exogenous supplementation of NaHS [sodium hydrosulfide (8 µM); H2S donor] and SNP [sodium nitroprusside (10 µM); NO donor] which showed substantial improvement on growth, pigments, nitrogen metabolism, and EPS layer and noticeably occurred as a consequence of a substantial reduction in Ni accumulation content which minimized the toxicity effects. The accumulation of Ni on both the cyanobacterial cell surface (EPS layer) are confirmed by the SEM-EDX analysis. Further, the addition of NO scavenger (PTIO; 20 µM) and inhibitor of NO (L-NAME; 100 µM); and H2S scavenger (HT; 20 µM) and H2S inhibitor (PAG; 50 µM) reversed the positive responses of H2S and NO and damages were more prominent under Ni stress thereby, suggesting the downstream signaling of H2S on NO-mediated alleviation. Thus, this study concludes the crosstalk mechanism of H2S and NO in the mitigation of Ni-induced toxicity in rice field cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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Sailwal M, Mishra P, Bhaskar T, Pandey R, Ghosh D. Time-resolved transcriptomic profile of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa during lipid and carotenoids accumulation on glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 384:129379. [PMID: 37352986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The study reports the exploration of the transcriptome landscape of the red oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 coinciding with the fermentation kinetics of the yeast cultivated in a two-stage fermentation process to exploit the time-series approach to get the complete transcripts picture and reveal the persuasive genes for fatty acid and terpenoid synthesis. The finding displayed the molecular drivers with more than 2-fold upregulation in the nitrogen-limited stage than in the nitrogen-excess stage. The rate-limiting diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, acetylCoA-citrate lyase, and acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase were significant in controlling the metabolic flux in the synthesis of reduced compounds, and acetoacetyl-CoA synthase, 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier-protein reductase, and β-subunit enoyl reductase catalyze the key starting steps of lipids or terpenoid synthesis. The last two catalyze essential reduction steps in fatty acid synthesis. These enzymes would be the prime targets for the metabolic engineering of the oleaginous yeast for enhanced fatty acids and terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sailwal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110017, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Kim J, Oh EK, Kim EJ, Lee JK. Photoautotrophic Growth Rate Enhancement of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by Heterologous Production of 2-Oxoglutarate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase from Chlorobaculum tepidum. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010059. [PMID: 36671751 PMCID: PMC9855186 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Chlorobaculum tepidum (CtOGOR) is a carbon-fixing enzyme in the reductive TCA cycle that reversibly carboxylates succinyl-CoA to yield 2-oxoglutarate. CtOGOR is a heterotetramer of two large (α = 68 kDa) and two small (β = 38 kDa) subunits. The αβ protomer harbors one thiamine pyrophosphate and two 4Fe-4S clusters. Nonetheless, the enzyme has a considerable oxygen tolerance with a half-life of 143 min at 215 μM dissolved oxygen. Kinetic analyses of the purified recombinant CtOGOR revealed a lower Km for succinyl-CoA than for 2-oxoglutarate. Cellular levels of 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate—a product of glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase—increased more than twofold in the exponential phase compared with the control strain, leading to an approximately >30% increase in the photoautotrophic growth rate. Thus, CtOGOR was successfully produced in Synechocystis, thereby boosting carboxylation, resulting in enhanced photoautotrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Oh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jin Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (J.K.L.); Tel.: +82-54-530-0860 (E.-J.K.); +82-2-705-8459 (J.K.L.); Fax: +82-54-530-0869 (E.-J.K.); +82-2-704-3601 (J.K.L.)
| | - Jeong K. Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (J.K.L.); Tel.: +82-54-530-0860 (E.-J.K.); +82-2-705-8459 (J.K.L.); Fax: +82-54-530-0869 (E.-J.K.); +82-2-704-3601 (J.K.L.)
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Verma N, Prasad SM. Interplay of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: systemic regulation of photosynthetic performance and nitrogen metabolism in cadmium challenged cyanobacteria. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2181-2199. [PMID: 34744360 PMCID: PMC8526665 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) has been well recorded in the induction of cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance in cyanobacteria. In this regard, H2O2 and SNP (sodium nitroprusside, NO donor), were applied to Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp. exposed to Cd (6 µM) stress, to analyze different physiological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that treatment of Cd reduced the growth, pigment contents, photosynthetic oxygen yield and performance of PS II photochemistry (decreased chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, i.e., ФPo, Ψo, ФEo, PIABS along with Fv/Fo and increased the energy flux parameters, i.e., ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC along with Fo/Fv. Similarly, uptake of nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -), as well as the activities of nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzymes along with carbohydrate content, were severely affected by Cd toxicity and notwithstanding this, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity exhibited reverse trend. Exogenous application of a very low dose (1 µM) of H2O2 (only for 3 h) and NO (SNP; 10 µM) notably counteracted Cd-induced toxicity. Nevertheless, the positive impact of H2O2 got reversed under the treatment of PTIO (NO scavenger) and LNAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; NOS) while NO could work efficiently even in the presence of NAC (H2O2 scavenger) and DPI (inhibitor of NADPH oxidase); hence indicated towards the H2O2 mediated NO signaling in averting Cd induced toxicity in test cyanobacteria. In conclusion, current finding demonstrated a positive cross-talk between H2O2 and NO for providing tolerance to cyanobacteria against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
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Verma N, Pandey A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Calcium mediated nitric oxide responses: Acquisition of nickel stress tolerance in cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100953. [PMID: 33644425 PMCID: PMC7895720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and nitric oxide (NO) are potentially active and multitasking signaling molecules which are known to regulate abiotic stresses in plants, but their interactive role in the acquisition of metal stress tolerance in cyanobacteria remains elusive. In current study the signaling role of Ca2+ (800 μM) and NO (10 μM SNP) on key physiological and biochemical attributes of the agriculturally and economically important cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893 subjected to Ni stress (2 μM) was examined. Results revealed that Ni at elevated level caused severe damages to the test organism but exogenous supplementation of Ca2+ and NO efficiently mitigated its toxic effects and up-regulated the growth, pigment contents, rate of photosynthesis (whole cell oxygen evolution and Chl a fluorescence indices: Kinetic traits: ΦP0, Ψ0, ΦE0 and PIABS, along with Fv/F0), nitrogen metabolism (NO3‾ and NO2‾ uptake, nitrate:NR and NiR; and ammonia:GS and GOGAT; assimilating enzymes), and boosted the enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT and GST) along with non-enzymatic (proline, cysteine and NP-SH) antioxidants. Whereas the increased values of energy flux traits: (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, DI0/RC and ET0/RC) along with F0/Fv, rate of respiration, oxidative stress biomarkers (SOR, H2O2 and MDA), and activity of GDH enzyme exhibited lowering trends with application of Ca2+ and NO. Further, addition of EGTA (Ca2+ scavenger) and PTIO (NO scavenger) reversed the positive impacts of Ca2+ and NO and worsened the toxicity of Ni on test cyanobacterium, but the damages were more pronounced under PTIO application that demonstrated Ca2+ mediated signaling role of NO in Ni toxicity alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Santwana Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Effect of Time Interval on Arsenic Toxicity to Paddy Field Cyanobacteria as Evident by Nitrogen Metabolism, Biochemical Constituent, and Exopolysaccharide Content. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2031-2046. [PMID: 32767030 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning in aquatic ecosystem is a global concern that obstructs the productivity of agricultural lands (paddy fields) by targeting the growth of cyanobacteria. The cyanobacteria also tolerate and accumulate elevated concentration of arsenic (As) inside the cell and excrete out from cells in less toxic forms after the successive time interval. Thus to validate this, the study was carried out at two different time intervals, i.e., 48 h and 96 h. Two redox forms of As arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mM AsV; 50, 100, and 150 μM AsIII) caused substantial reduction in growth, pigments (Chl a/Car and phycobiliproteins: phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin), inorganic nitrogen ( nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-)) uptake, activity of enzymes (NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT) of nitrogen metabolism, biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrate, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) contents of Nostoc muscorum, and Anabaena sp. PCC7120. The tested doses of AsV and AsIII after 48 h of exposure exhibited adverse impact on these parameters, but after 96 h with lower doses of AsV (50 mM and 100 mM) and AsIII (50 μM and 100 μM), significant recovery was recorded. Contrary to this, at higher dose of AsV (150 mM) and AsIII (150 μM), the adverse impact was further aggravated with increasing time exposure. Contrary to the activity of NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT, GDH activity (alternative NH3+ assimilating enzyme) was found to increase, and after 96 h, the activity showed declining trend but still higher than the control. The biochemical constituent EPS (first protective barrier) under scanning electron microscope showed more accumulation of dry adsorbent in the case of AsIII stress hence displayed more toxic nature of AsIII than AsV. The study concludes that with increasing time exposure, the recovery in growth and related parameters mainly at lower doses of AsV and AsIII points toward adaptability of cyanobacteria which was more pronounced in Nostoc muscorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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Bird C, LeKieffre C, Jauffrais T, Meibom A, Geslin E, Filipsson HL, Maire O, Russell AD, Fehrenbacher JS. Heterotrophic Foraminifera Capable of Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:604979. [PMID: 33343548 PMCID: PMC7744380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.604979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen availability often limits biological productivity in marine systems, where inorganic nitrogen, such as ammonium is assimilated into the food web by bacteria and photoautotrophic eukaryotes. Recently, ammonium assimilation was observed in kleptoplast-containing protists of the phylum foraminifera, possibly via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) assimilation pathway imported with the kleptoplasts. However, it is not known if the ubiquitous and diverse heterotrophic protists have an innate ability for ammonium assimilation. Using stable isotope incubations (15N-ammonium and 13C-bicarbonate) and combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with quantitative nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging, we investigated the uptake and assimilation of dissolved inorganic ammonium by two heterotrophic foraminifera; a non-kleptoplastic benthic species, Ammonia sp., and a planktonic species, Globigerina bulloides. These species are heterotrophic and not capable of photosynthesis. Accordingly, they did not assimilate 13C-bicarbonate. However, both species assimilated dissolved 15N-ammonium and incorporated it into organelles of direct importance for ontogenetic growth and development of the cell. These observations demonstrate that at least some heterotrophic protists have an innate cellular mechanism for inorganic ammonium assimilation, highlighting a newly discovered pathway for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) assimilation within the marine microbial loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bird
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.,School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte LeKieffre
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,UMR CNRS 6112 LPG, Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Geslin
- UMR CNRS 6112 LPG, Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Olivier Maire
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France.,CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France
| | - Ann D Russell
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Fehrenbacher
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Tiwari S, Patel A, Prasad SM. Phytohormone up-regulates the biochemical constituent, exopolysaccharide and nitrogen metabolism in paddy-field cyanobacteria exposed to chromium stress. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:206. [PMID: 32660415 PMCID: PMC7359020 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyanobacteria are well known for their inherent ability to serve as atmospheric nitrogen fixers and as bio-fertilizers; however, increased contaminants in aquatic ecosystem significantly decline the growth and function of these microbes in paddy fields. Plant growth regulators play beneficial role in combating the negative effects induced by heavy metals in photoautotroph. Current study evaluates the potential role of indole acetic acid (IAA; 290 nm) and kinetin (KN; 10 nm) on growth, nitrogen metabolism and biochemical constituents of two paddy field cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 exposed to two concentrations of chromium (CrVI; 100 μM and 150 μM). Results Both the tested doses of CrVI declined the growth, ratio of chlorophyll a to carotenoids (Chl a/Car), contents of phycobiliproteins; phycocyanin (PC), allophycocyanin (APC), and phycoerythrin (PE), protein and carbohydrate associated with decrease in the inorganic nitrogen (nitrate; NO3— and nitrite; NO2—) uptake rate that results in the decrease in nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzymes; nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) except glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). However, exogenous supplementation of IAA and KN exhibited alleviating effects on growth, nitrogen metabolism and exopolysaccharide (EPS) (first protective barrier against metal toxicity) contents in both the cyanobacteria, which probably occurred as a result of a substantial decrease in the Cr uptake that lowers the damaging effects. Conclusion Overall result of the present study signifies affirmative role of the phytohormone in minimizing the toxic effects induced by chromium by stimulating the growth of cyanobacteria thereby enhancing its ability as bio-fertilizer that improved fertility and productivity of soil even in metal contaminated condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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Haghighi O, Davaeifar S, Zahiri HS, Maleki H, Noghabi KA. Homology Modeling and Molecular Docking Studies of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) from Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Srivastava PK, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Low and high doses of UV-B differentially modulate chlorpyrifos-induced alterations in nitrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:291-299. [PMID: 25050533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the comparative responses on the specific growth rate, nitrogen metabolism and enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism in two nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria-Nostoc muscorum and Phormidium foveolarum exposed to two UV-B doses (low; UV-BL: 0.5472kJm(-2) and high; UV-BH: 5.472kJm(-2)) and two doses of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate; low i.e. CPL, 1µgml(-1) and high i.e. CPH, 2µgml(-1)) singly and in combination. The specific growth rate, NO3(-) and NO2(-) uptake, nitrate assimilating enzymes - nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase and ammonium assimilating enzymes - glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase were severely affected when treated either with CPH or/and UV-BH while glutamate dehydrogenase exhibited a stimulatory response. CPL also reduced all the measured parameters (except GDH activity) after 24h, however, a stimulatory effect was observed after 72h due to an increase in nitrogen metabolism (and other antioxidant) enzymes during this period. UV-BL did not cause significant alteration in the studied parameters while in combination with CP doses, it either alleviated the inhibitory effects or further enhanced the CPL induced activities of these enzymes (except GDH). Overall results indicate the resistant nature of P. foveolarum against the inhibitory doses of UV-B and chlorpyrifos in comparison to N. muscorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University of India), Allahabad-211 002, India.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University of India), Allahabad-211 002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University of India), Allahabad-211 002, India.
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Quintana N, Van der Kooy F, Van de Rhee MD, Voshol GP, Verpoorte R. Renewable energy from Cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:471-90. [PMID: 21691792 PMCID: PMC3136707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The need to develop and improve sustainable energy resources is of eminent importance due to the finite nature of our fossil fuels. This review paper deals with a third generation renewable energy resource which does not compete with our food resources, cyanobacteria. We discuss the current state of the art in developing different types of bioenergy (ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, etc.) from cyanobacteria. The major important biochemical pathways in cyanobacteria are highlighted, and the possibility to influence these pathways to improve the production of specific types of energy forms the major part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Quintana
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Section of Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Harper CJ, Hayward D, Kidd M, Wiid I, van Helden P. Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase are regulated in response to nitrogen availability in Myocbacterium smegmatis. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:138. [PMID: 20459763 PMCID: PMC2881912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The assimilation of nitrogen is an essential process in all prokaryotes, yet a relatively limited amount of information is available on nitrogen metabolism in the mycobacteria. The physiological role and pathogenic properties of glutamine synthetase (GS) have been extensively investigated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, little is known about this enzyme in other mycobacterial species, or the role of an additional nitrogen assimilatory pathway via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), in the mycobacteria as a whole. We investigated specific enzyme activity and transcription of GS and as well as both possible isoforms of GDH (NAD+- and NADP+-specific GDH) under varying conditions of nitrogen availability in Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model for the mycobacteria. Results It was found that the specific activity of the aminating NADP+-GDH reaction and the deaminating NAD+-GDH reaction did not change appreciably in response to nitrogen availability. However, GS activity as well as the deaminating NADP+-GDH and aminating NAD+-GDH reactions were indeed significantly altered in response to exogenous nitrogen concentrations. Transcription of genes encoding for GS and the GDH isoforms were also found to be regulated under our experimental conditions. Conclusions The physiological role and regulation of GS in M. smegmatis was similar to that which has been described for other mycobacteria, however, in our study the regulation of both NADP+- and NAD+-GDH specific activity in M. smegmatis appeared to be different to that of other Actinomycetales. It was found that NAD+-GDH played an important role in nitrogen assimilation rather than glutamate catabolism as was previously thought, and is it's activity appeared to be regulated in response to nitrogen availability. Transcription of the genes encoding for NAD+-GDH enzymes seem to be regulated in M. smegmatis under the conditions tested and may contribute to the changes in enzyme activity observed, however, our results indicate that an additional regulatory mechanism may be involved. NADP+-GDH seemed to be involved in nitrogen assimilation due to a constitutive aminating activity. The deaminating reaction, however was observed to change in response to varying ammonium concentrations which suggests that NADP+-GDH is also regulated in response to nitrogen availability. The regulation of NADP+-GDH activity was not reflected at the level of gene transcription thereby implicating post-transcriptional modification as a regulatory mechanism in response to nitrogen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona J Harper
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Rangel OA, Gómez-Baena G, López-Lozano A, Diez J, García-Fernández JM. Physiological role and regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in Prochlorococcus sp. strain MIT9313. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2009; 1:56-64. [PMID: 23765721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2008.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme catalysing a reaction for ammonium assimilation, alternative to those performed by glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. In the genus Prochlorococcus, genomic studies have shown the presence of the gdhA gene (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase) in only four of the sequenced strains, including MIT9313. We studied the physiological regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in this strain, by measuring the expression of gdhA, the intracellular concentration of the enzyme and its activity. Our goal was to clarify the physiological role of glutamate dehydrogenase, in order to understand why it has been selectively conserved in certain strains. Studies performed in cultures under nitrogen starvation, or with inhibitors of the nitrogen assimilation, suggest that the main role of glutamate dehydrogenase is not the assimilation of ammonium. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity and gdhA expression increased along the growth of cultures. Besides, we found a significant upregulation in gene expression when cultures were grown on glutamate as nitrogen source. We suggest that the main physiological role of glutamate dehydrogenase in Prochlorococcus MIT9313 is the utilization of glutamate to produce ammonium and 2-oxoglutarate, and amino acid recycling, thus enabling to use amino acids as nitrogen source. Therefore we propose that glutamate dehydrogenase is present in the genome of strains for whom the utilization of amino acids is most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Alberto Rangel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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15
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Jaspard E. A computational analysis of the three isoforms of glutamate dehydrogenase reveals structural features of the isoform EC 1.4.1.4 supporting a key role in ammonium assimilation by plants. Biol Direct 2006; 1:38. [PMID: 17173671 PMCID: PMC1716157 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-1-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are three isoforms of glutamate dehydrogenase. The isoform EC 1.4.1.4 (GDH4) catalyses glutamate synthesis from 2-oxoglutarate and ammonium, using NAD(P)H. Ammonium assimilation is critical for plant growth. Although GDH4 from animals and prokaryotes are well characterized, there are few data concerning plant GDH4, even from those whose genomes are well annotated. RESULTS A large set of the three GDH isoforms was built resulting in 116 non-redundant full polypeptide sequences. A computational analysis was made to gain more information concerning the structure-function relationship of GDH4 from plants (Eukaryota, Viridiplantae). The tested plant GDH4 sequences were the two ones known to date, those of Chlorella sorokiniana. This analysis revealed several structural features specific of plant GDH4: (i) the lack of a structure called "antenna"; (ii) the NAD(P)-binding motif GAGNVA; and (iii) a second putative coenzyme-binding motif GVLTGKG together with four residues involved in the binding of the reduced form of NADP. CONCLUSION A number of structural features specific of plant GDH4 have been found. The results reinforce the probable key role of GDH4 in ammonium assimilation by plants. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Tina Bakolitsa (nominated by Eugene Koonin), Martin Jambon (nominated by Laura Landweber), Sandor Pangor and Franck Eisenhaber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jaspard
- UMR 1191 Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences, Université d'Angers-INRA-INH, Angers, France.
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16
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Chávez S, Lucena JM, Reyes JC, Florencio FJ, Candau P. The presence of glutamate dehydrogenase is a selective advantage for the Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 under nonexponential growth conditions. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:808-13. [PMID: 9922243 PMCID: PMC93446 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.3.808-813.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 has two putative pathways for ammonium assimilation: the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase cycle, which is the main one and is finely regulated by the nitrogen source; and a high NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity (NADP-GDH) whose contribution to glutamate synthesis is uncertain. To investigate the role of the latter, we used two engineered mutants, one lacking and another overproducing NADP-GDH. No major disturbances in the regulation of nitrogen-assimilating enzymes or in amino acids pools were detected in the null mutant, but phycobiline content, a sensitive indicator of the nutritional state of cyanobacterial cells, was significantly reduced, indicating that NADP-GDH plays an auxiliary role in ammonium assimilation. This effect was already prominent in the initial phase of growth, although differences in growth rate between the wild type and the mutants were observed at this stage only at low light intensities. However, the null mutant was unable to sustain growth at the late stage of the culture at the point when the wild type showed the maximum NADP-GDH activity, and died faster in ammonium-containing medium. Overexpression of NADP-GDH improved culture proliferation under moderate ammonium concentrations. Competition experiments between the wild type and the null mutant confirmed that the presence of NADP-GDH confers a selective advantage to Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 in late stages of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chávez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
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17
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Ruiz JL, Ferrer J, Camacho MÃ, Bonete MJ. NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase fromThermus thermophilusHB8: purification and enzymatic properties. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Nguyen KT, Nguyen LT, Kopecký J, Běhal V. Properties of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from the tylosin producer Streptomyces fradiae. Can J Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/m97-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme responsible for ammonium assimilation and glutamate catabolism in organisms. The tylosin producer Streptomyces fradiae possesses both NADP- and NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases. The latter enzyme was purified 498-fold with a 7.5% recovery by a six-step protocol. The enzyme is composed of two subunits, each of Mr 47 000, and could form active aggregates of four or eight subunits. Its activity was inactivated by alkaline pH or temperatures of −20 °C or above 40 °C. Activities assayed in the direction of oxidative deamination and reductive amination were optimal at pH 9.2 and 8.8, respectively, and at temperatures of 30–35 °C. No activity was found when NAD(H) was replaced with NADP(H). The Km values were 32.2 mM for L-glutamate, 0.3 mM for NAD+, 3.4 mM for 2-ketoglutarate, 14.2 mM for NH4+, and 0.05 mM for NADH. Deamination activity was partially inhibited by adenyl nucleotides and several divalent cations; amination activity was not affected by the nucleotides but significantly inhibited by Cu2+ or Ni2+.Key words: Streptomyces fradiae, NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, purification, properties.
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Reyes JC, Muro-Pastor MI, Florencio FJ. Transcription of glutamine synthetase genes (glnA and glnN) from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is differently regulated in response to nitrogen availability. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:2678-89. [PMID: 9098067 PMCID: PMC179018 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.8.2678-2689.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 we have previously reported the presence of two different proteins with glutamine synthetase activity: GSI, encoded by the glnA gene, and GSIII, encoded by the glnN gene. In this work we show that expression of both the glnA and glnN genes is subjected to transcriptional regulation in response to changes in nitrogen availability. Northern blot experiments and transcriptional fusions demonstrated that the glnA gene is highly transcribed in nitrate- or ammonium-grown cells and exhibits two- to fourfold-higher expression in nitrogen-starved cells. In contrast, the glnN gene is highly expressed only under nitrogen deficiency. Half-lives of both mRNAs, calculated after addition of rifampin or ammonium to nitrogen-starved cells, were not significantly different (2.5 or 3.4 min, respectively, for glnA mRNA; 1.9 or 1.4 min, respectively, for glnN mRNA), suggesting that changes in transcript stability are not involved in the regulation of the expression of both genes. Deletions of the glnA and glnN upstream regions were used to delimit the promoter and the regulatory sequences of both genes. Primer extension analysis showed that structure of the glnA gene promoter resembles those of the NtcA-regulated promoters. In addition, mobility shift assays demonstrated that purified, Escherichia coli-expressed Synechocystis NtcA protein binds to the promoter of the glnA gene. Primer extension also revealed the existence of a sequence related to the NtcA binding site upstream from the glnN promoter. However, E. coli-expressed NtcA failed to bind to this site. These findings suggest that an additional modification of NtcA or an additional factor is required for the regulation of glnN gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Reyes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Jahns T. Unusually stable NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from the alkaliphile Amphibacillus xylanus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1996; 70:89-95. [PMID: 8836445 DOI: 10.1007/bf00393573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH; EC 1.4.1.3) from Amphibacillus xylanus DSM 6626 was enriched 100-fold to homogeneity. The molecular mass was determined by native polyacrylamide electrophoresis and by gel filtration to be 260 kDa (+/- 25 kDa); the enzyme was composed of identical subunits of 45 (+/- 5) kDa, indicating that the native enzyme has a hexameric structure. NAD-GDH was highly specific for the coenzyme NAD(H) and catalyzed both the formation and the oxidation of glutamate. Apparent Km-values of 56 mM glutamate, 0.35 mM NAD (oxidative deamination) and 6.7 mM 2-oxoglutaric acid, 42 mM NH4Cl and 0.036 mM NADH (reductive amination) were measured. The enzyme was unusually resistant towards variation of pH, chaotropic agents, organic solvents, and was stable at elevated temperature, retaining 50% activity after 120 min incubation at 85 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jahns
- Fachrichtung 13.3 Mikrobiologie, Universität des Saarlandes Im Stadtwald, Saarbrücken, F.R.G.,
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21
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Chávez S, Reyes JC, Chauvat F, Florencio FJ, Candau P. The NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803: cloning, transcriptional analysis and disruption of the gdhA gene. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 28:173-188. [PMID: 7787182 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The gdhA gene of Synechocystis PCC 6803, which encodes an NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH), has been cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli glutamate auxotroph. This gene was found to code for a polypeptide of 428 amino acid residues, whose sequence shows high identity with those of archaebacteria (42-47%), some Gram-positive bacteria (40-44%) and mammals (37%). The minimal fragment of Synechocystis DNA required for complementation (2kb) carries the gdhA gene preceded by an open reading frame (ORF2) encoding a polypeptide of 130 amino acids. ORF2 and gdhA are co-transcribed as a 1.9 kb mRNA, but shorter transcripts including only gdhA were also detected. Two promoter regions were identified upon transcriptional fusion to the cat reporter gene of a promoter probe plasmid. Transcription from the promoter upstream of ORF2 was found to be regulated depending on the growth phase of Synechocystis, in parallel to NADP-GDH activity. This promoter is expressed in Escherichia coli too, in contrast to the second promoter, located between ORF2 and gdhA, which was silent in E. coli and did not respond to the stage of growth in Synechocystis. Disruption of the cyanobacterial gdhA gene with a chloramphenicol resistance cassette yielded a mutant strain totally lacking NADP-GDH activity, demonstrating that this gene is not essential to Synechocystis 6803 under our laboratory conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cyanobacteria/enzymology
- Cyanobacteria/genetics
- Cyanobacteria/growth & development
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Genomic Library
- Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Recombinant Proteins
- Restriction Mapping
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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22
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Jahns T, Kaltwasser H. Purification and properties of a heat-stable and cold-labile NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Sporosarcina ureae. Arch Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00307776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Tandeau de Marsac N, Houmard J. Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps towards molecular mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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24
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Jahns T. Occurrence of cold-labile NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase inBacillusspecies. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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