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Ascher S, Gordon J, Bongiovanni I, Watson I, Hermannsson K, Gillespie S, Sarangi S, Biakhmetov B, Bhargava PC, Bhaskar T, Krishna BB, Pandey A, You S. Trigeneration based on the pyrolysis of rural waste in India: Environmental impact, economic feasibility and business model innovation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:170718. [PMID: 38331270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis-based waste-to-bioenergy development has the potential to resolve some of the major challenges facing rural communities in India such as poor electrification, household air pollution, and farmland degradation and contamination. Existing understanding and analysis of the economic feasibility and environmental impact of bioenergy deployment in rural areas is limited by parameter uncertainties, and relevant business model innovation following economic evaluation is even scarcer. This paper uses findings from a new field survey of 1200 rural households to estimate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of a pyrolysis-based bioenergy trigeneration development that was designed to tackle these challenges. Based on the survey results, probability distributions were constructed and used to supply input parameters for cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to characterise the uncertainties of economic feasibility and environmental impact accounting. It was shown that the global warming potential of the development was 350 kg of CO2-eq per capita per annum. Also, the survey identified a significant mismatch between feedstock prices considered in the literature and prices asked for by the surveyed villagers. The results of the cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment were then applied to propose two novel business models inspired by the Business Model Canvas, which had the potential to achieve up to 90 % economic profitability and result in a benefit-cost ratio of 1.35-1.75. This is the first study achieving combined environmental and economic analysis and business model innovation for rural bioenergy production in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ascher
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jillian Gordon
- Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Ivano Bongiovanni
- Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Ian Watson
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kristinn Hermannsson
- Robert Owen Centre for Educational Change, School of Education, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steven Gillespie
- School of Social and Environmental Sustainability, University of Glasgow, Dumfries DG1 4ZL, UK
| | | | | | - Preeti Chaturvedi Bhargava
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Environmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Biswas B, Sakhakarmy M, Rahman T, Jahromi H, Adhikari S, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T, Baltrusaitis J, Eisa M, Kouzehkanan SMT, Oh TS. Selective production of phenolic monomer via catalytic depolymerization of lignin over cobalt-nickel-zirconium dioxide catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2024; 398:130517. [PMID: 38437961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of lignin, an abundant and renewable bio-aromatic source, is of significant importance. In this study, lignin oxidation was examined at different temperatures with zirconium oxide (ZrO2)-supported nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and bimetallic Ni-Co metal catalysts under different solvents and oxygen pressure. Non-catalytic oxidation reaction produced maximum bio-oil (35.3 wt%), while catalytic oxidation significantly increased the bio-oil yield. The bimetallic catalyst Ni-Co/ZrO2 produced the highest bio-oil yield (67.4 wt%) compared to the monometallic catalyst Ni/ZrO2 (59.3 wt%) and Co/ZrO2 (54.0 wt%). The selectively higher percentage of vanillin, 2-methoxy phenol, acetovanillone, acetosyringone and vanillic acid compounds are found in the catalytic bio-oil. Moreover, it has been observed that the bimetallic Co-Ni/ZrO2 produced a higher amount of vanillin (43.7% and 13.30 wt%) compound. These results demonstrate that the bimetallic Ni-Co/ZrO2 catalyst promotes the selective cleavage of the ether β-O-4 bond in lignin, leading to a higher yield of phenolic monomer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manish Sakhakarmy
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tawsif Rahman
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hossein Jahromi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Mohamed Eisa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | | | - Tae-Sik Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Das AJ, Banerjee A, Tyagi A, Jana A, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Enhanced remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon using agro-industrial waste for biofuel production and environmental pollution mitigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29627-x. [PMID: 37737530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, attention has been paid to the development of economically feasible strategies for enhanced remediation of anthracene and its conversion into biofuels. The strategies developed (B1, B2, B3, and B4) include bagasse and lipid-producing strain Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 synthesizing surface active metabolites. The results indicate the highest production of surface-active metabolites in strategies B2, B3, and B4 along with a maximum biodegradation rate. GC-MS analysis affirmed the conversion of anthracene into phthalic acid in all the strategies. Biofuel quality of the lipid produced by the strain showed higher cetane number and improved cold flow property indicating the efficiency of the developed strategies for the production of commercial grade biodiesel. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity study of the spent wash revealed that 50% and 75% diluted spent wash were non-toxic and can be employed for ferti-irrigation. Thus, the study signifies the development of an economically feasible process that can be commercially employed in biofuel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Jyoti Das
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ananya Tyagi
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali Road, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arijit Jana
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Saini K, Sahoo A, Kumar J, Kumari A, Pant KK, Bhatnagar A, Bhaskar T. Effective utilization of discarded reverse osmosis post-carbon for adsorption of dyes from wastewater. Environ Res 2023; 231:116165. [PMID: 37196691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the deployment of post Reverse Osmosis (RO)-carbon as a adsorbent for dye removal from water has been investigated. The post RO-carbon was thermally activated (RO900), and the material thus obtained exhibited high surface area viz. 753 m2/g. In the batch system, the efficient Methylene Blue (MB) and Methyl Orange (MO) removal was obtained by using 0.08 g and 0.13 g/50 mL adsorbent dosage respectively. Moreover, 420 min was the optimized equilibration time for both the dyes. The maximum adsorption capacities of RO900 for MB and MO dyes were 223.29 and 158.14 mg/g, respectively. The comparatively higher MB adsorption was attributed to the electrostatic attraction between adsorbent and MB. The thermodynamic findings revealed the process as spontaneous, endothermic, and accompanied by entropy increment. Additionally, simulated effluent was treated, and >99% dye removal efficiency was achieved. To mimic an industrial perspective, MB adsorption onto RO900 was also carried out in continuous mode. The initial dye concentration and effluent flow rate were among the process parameters that were optimized using the continuous mode of operation. Further, the experimental data of continuous mode was fitted with Clark, Yan, and Yoon-Nelson models. Py-GC/MS investigation revealed that dye-loaded adsorbents could be pyrolyzed to produce valuable chemicals. The cost and low toxicity associated benefits of discarded RO-carbon over other adsorbents reveal the significance of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Saini
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED) CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi (IITD), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED) CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi (IITD), New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED) CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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5
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Paul M, Pandey NK, Banerjee A, Shroti GK, Tomer P, Gazara RK, Thatoi H, Bhaskar T, Hazra S, Ghosh D. An insight into omics analysis and metabolic pathway engineering of lignin-degrading enzymes for enhanced lignin valorization. Bioresour Technol 2023; 379:129045. [PMID: 37044152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a highly heterogeneous polymer of lignocellulosic biomass, is intricately associated with cellulose and hemicellulose, responsible for its strength and rigidity. Lignin decomposition is carried out through certain enzymes derived from microorganisms to promote the hydrolysis of lignin. Analyzing multi-omics data helps to emphasize the probable value of fungal-produced enzymes to degrade the lignocellulosic material, which provides them an advantage in their ecological niches. This review focuses on lignin biodegrading microorganisms and associated ligninolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, laccase, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase. Further, enzymatic catalysis, lignin biodegradation mechanisms, vital factors responsible for lignin modification and degradation, and the design and selection of practical metabolic pathways are also discussed. Highlights were made on metabolic pathway engineering, different aspects of omics analyses, and its scope and applications to ligninase enzymes. Finally, the advantages and essential steps of successfully applying metabolic engineering and its path forward have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Niteesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Shroti
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Preeti Tomer
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gazara
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Sailwal M, Mishra P, Bhaskar T, Pandey R, Ghosh D. Time-resolved transcriptomic profile of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa during lipid and carotenoids accumulation on glycerol. Bioresour Technol 2023; 384:129379. [PMID: 37352986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The study reports the exploration of the transcriptome landscape of the red oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 coinciding with the fermentation kinetics of the yeast cultivated in a two-stage fermentation process to exploit the time-series approach to get the complete transcripts picture and reveal the persuasive genes for fatty acid and terpenoid synthesis. The finding displayed the molecular drivers with more than 2-fold upregulation in the nitrogen-limited stage than in the nitrogen-excess stage. The rate-limiting diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, acetylCoA-citrate lyase, and acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase were significant in controlling the metabolic flux in the synthesis of reduced compounds, and acetoacetyl-CoA synthase, 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier-protein reductase, and β-subunit enoyl reductase catalyze the key starting steps of lipids or terpenoid synthesis. The last two catalyze essential reduction steps in fatty acid synthesis. These enzymes would be the prime targets for the metabolic engineering of the oleaginous yeast for enhanced fatty acids and terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sailwal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110017, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Bhaskar T, Venkata Mohan S, You S, Kim SH, Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L. Biomass to green hydrogen (BGH2-2022). Bioresour Technol 2023; 376:128924. [PMID: 36948427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Kaur R, Tarun Kumar V, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Characterization of slow pyrolysis products from three different cashew wastes. Bioresour Technol 2023; 376:128859. [PMID: 36906241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A huge amount of waste is generated by the cashew processing industries. This study aims to valorise these cashew wastes generated at different levels while processing cashew nuts in factories. The feedstocks include cashew skin, cashew shell and cashew shell de-oiled cake. Slow pyrolysis of these three different cashew wastes was performed at varying temperatures (300-500℃) at a heating rate of 10℃/min in a lab scale glass-tubular reactor under inert atmosphere of nitrogen with flow rate of 50 ml/min. The total bio-oil yield for cashew skin and the de-oiled shell cake was 37.1 and 48.6 wt% at 400℃ and 450℃, respectively. However, the maximum bio-oil yield obtained for cashew shell waste was 54.9 wt% at 500℃. The bio-oil was analysed using GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR. Along with the various functionalities observed in bio-oil through GC-MS, phenolics were observed to have maximum area% for all the feedstocks at all temperatures. At all the slow pyrolysis temperatures, cashew skin led to more biochar yield (40 wt%) as compared to cashew de-oiled cake (26 wt%) and cashew shell waste (22 wt%). Biochar was characterized by various analytical tools such as XRD, FTIR, Proximate analyser, CHNS, Py-GC/MS and SEM. Characterization of biochar revealed its carbonaceous and amorphous nature along with porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Valiveti Tarun Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Ummalyma SB, Bhaskar T. Recent advances in the role of biocatalyst in biofuel cells and its application: An overview. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-39. [PMID: 37010302 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2197715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel cells have recently gained popularity as a green and renewable energy source. Biofuel cells are unique devices of energy and are capable of converting the stored chemical energy from waste materials such as pollutants, organics and wastewater into reliable, renewable, pollution-free energy sources through the action of biocatalysts such as various microorganisms and enzymes. It is a promising technological device to treat waste to compensate for global warming and the energy crisis through the green energy production process. Due to their unique properties, various potential biocatalysts are attracting researchers to apply them to various microbial biofuel cells for improving electricity and power. Recent research in biofuel cells is focusing on the exploitation of different biocatalysts and how they are enhancing power generation for various applications in the field of environmental technology, and biomedical fields such as implantable devices, testing kits, and biosensors. This review focusing the importance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and enzymatic fuel cells (ECFs) and role of different types of biocatalysts and their mechanisms for improving biofuel cell efficiency gathered from recent reports. Finally, its multifaceted applications with special emphasis on environmental technology and biomedical field will be described, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India Takyelpat, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD)An Autonomous Institute, Imphal, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Banerjee A, Gautam R, Mudliar S, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Water footprint and wastewater quality assessment of yeast single cell oil production: Gate to gate approach for industrial water sustainability. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161127. [PMID: 36587680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective water resource utilization and sustainability for industrial operations is a growing concern. With increased industrial water demand, abstraction and water quality changes are rising. In India, distilleries generate more than 40.4 billion litres of effluent daily within the fermentation industry. Water, a public good with market and opportunity costs, needs effective mapping and management. Emerging distillery processes such as yeast lipid fermentation, if developed along with water sustainability, could aid in advancing water resource management. In the scope of this idea, the present study focuses on assessing the water footprint and water quality mapping for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 lipid production using crude glycerol, a by-product of the biodiesel industry. The assessment was based on primary data generated during the 500 L plant scale operation. The process's blue water footprint was assessed by applying a chain-summation approach, and the grey water requirement was determined by measuring water quality parameters for the effluent streams. The process's net blue and grey water footprint were estimated to be 3.87 and 23.66 m3 water/kg of lipid, respectively. Water quality index ratings were identified for all the respective water streams within the processing system, and human risk factors were estimated. The results suggested proper treatment of the spent broth, whereas the secondary effluent stream from cleaning operations could be reutilized within the system. Quality mapping also suggested that the effluent's high organic and mineral load can be processed for water and material recovery, which may significantly reduce the process's grey water and pollution load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Gautam
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Mudliar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology (PCBT) Department, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 210002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Vuppaladadiyam AK, Vuppaladadiyam SSV, Sahoo A, Murugavelh S, Anthony E, Bhaskar T, Zheng Y, Zhao M, Duan H, Zhao Y, Antunes E, Sarmah AK, Leu SY. Bio-oil and biochar from the pyrolytic conversion of biomass: A current and future perspective on the trade-off between economic, environmental, and technical indicators. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159155. [PMID: 36206897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the transformation of biomass into a plethora of renewable value-added products has been identified as a promising strategy to fulfil high energy demands, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and exploit under-utilized resources. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) are essential to scale up this process while lowering the conversion cost. In this study, trade-offs are made between economic, environmental, and technical indicators produced from these methodologies to better evaluate the commercialization potential of biomass pyrolysis. This research emphasizes the necessity of combining LCA and TEA variables to assess the performance of the early-stage technology and associated constraints. The important findings based on the LCA analysis imply that most of the studies reported in literature focussed on the global warming potentials (GWP) under environmental category by considering greenhouse gases (GHGs) as evaluation parameter, neglecting many other important environmental indices. In addition, the upstream and downstream processes play an important role in understanding the life cycle impacts of a biomass based biorefinery. Under upstream conditions, the use of a specific type of feedstock may influence the LCA conclusions and technical priority. Under downstream conditions, the product utilization as fuels in different energy backgrounds is crucial to the overall impact potentials of the pyrolysis systems. In view of the TEA analysis, investigations towards maximizing the yield of valuable co-products would play an important role in the commercialization of pyrolysis process. However, comprehensive research to compare the conventional, advanced, and emerging approaches of biomass pyrolysis from the economic perspective is currently not available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Krishna Vuppaladadiyam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | | | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S Murugavelh
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Edward Anthony
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Center of Biogas Centralized Utilization, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huabo Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Elsa Antunes
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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Jana A, Kakkar N, Halder SK, Das AJ, Bhaskar T, Ray A, Ghosh D. Efficient valorization of feather waste by Bacillus cereus IIPK35 for concomitant production of antioxidant keratin hydrolysate and milk-clotting metallo-serine keratinase. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116380. [PMID: 36208515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Keratinase production by Bacillus cereus IIPK35 was investigated under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and the maximum titer of 648.28 U/gds was revealed. Feather hydrolysates obtained from SSF exhibited paramount antioxidant properties in ABTS [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid], FRAP [Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power], and DPPH [2,2,-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl] assay. The keratinase was purified up to homogeneity have a molecular weight of 42 kDa, and showed its stability between pH 6.5-10.0 and temperature 35-60 °C with optimum enzyme activity at pH 9.0 and 55 °C. The catalytic indices viz. Km of 9.8 mg/ml and Vmax of 307.7 μmol/min for keratin were determined. Besides keratin, the enzyme displayed broad and proteolytic activity towards other proteinaceous substrates such as casein, skim milk, gelatin, and bovine serum albumin. Pure keratinase activity was stimulated in presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, while it was strongly inhibited by both iodoacetamide and EDTA, indicating it to be a metallo-serine protease in nature. Circular dichroism study endorses the structural stability of the secondary structure at the said range of pH and temperature. The IIPK35 keratinase is non-cytotoxic in nature, shows remarkable storage stability and is stable in presence of Tween 80, Triton X 100, and sodium sulfite. Furthermore, it showed excellent milk clotting potential (107.6 Soxhlet Unit), suggesting its usefulness as an alternative milk clotting agent in the dairy industry. This study unlocks a new gateway for keratinase investigation in SSF using chicken feathers as substrate and biochemical and biophysical characterization of keratinase for better understanding and implication in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Jana
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India.
| | - Nikita Kakkar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Suman Kumar Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
| | - Amar Jyoti Das
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India.
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 210002, India.
| | - Anjan Ray
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 210002, India.
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 210002, India.
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Kaur R, Kumar A, Biswas B, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Investigations into pyrolytic behaviour of spent citronella waste: Slow and flash pyrolysis study. Bioresour Technol 2022; 366:128202. [PMID: 36326550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Slow and flash pyrolysis of spent citronella biomass has been studied at varying temperatures. It is aimed to understand the pyrolytic behavior of spent citronella aromatic biomass with temperatures. Maximum bio-oil yield of 37.7 wt% was obtained with conversion of 71 wt% at 450 °C through slow pyrolysis. GC/MS, 1H NMR, and FTIR analysis of pyrolytic liquid (bio-oil) was done which indicated various functionalities with maximum area% for phenolics. However, flash pyrolysis at high heating rate of 20 °C/ms resulted into maximum area% for carbonyls at all temperatures. In addition, an increasing trend for phenolics with temperature was also observed. The properties of obtained biochar are analysed by CHNS, FTIR, TOC, XRD, and SEM, which confirmed the significant decomposition of biomass constituents. The characterisation results revealed the potential usage of pyrolytic liquid i.e., bio-oil and pyrolytic residue i.e., biochar for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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Banerjee A, Sharma T, Nautiyal AK, Dasgupta D, Hazra S, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Corrigendum to "Scale-up strategy for yeast single cell oil production for Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 from corn cob derived pentosane" [Bioresour. Technol. 309 (2020) 123329-123337]. Bioresour Technol 2022; 359:127508. [PMID: 35753945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilek K Nautiyal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Bansal N, Dasgupta D, Hazra S, Bhaskar T, Ray A, Ghosh D. Corrigendum to "Effect of utilization of crude glycerol as substrate on fatty acid composition of an oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32: Assessment of nutritional indices" [Bioresour. Technol. 309 (2020) 123330-123338]. Bioresour Technol 2022; 359:127509. [PMID: 35753946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bansal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjan Ray
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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16
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Patel AK, Katiyar R, Chen CW, Singhania RR, Awasthi MK, Bhatia S, Bhaskar T, Dong CD. Antibiotic bioremediation by new generation biochar: Recent updates. Bioresour Technol 2022; 358:127384. [PMID: 35644454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolving multidrug resistance in microbes with increasing antibiotic pollution is becoming a severe global crisis. Recent developments on antibiotic remediations by biochar are promising. Advancements in biochar engineering enhanced biochar remediation efficiency to another level through developing new interactions and bonding abilities with antibiotic pollutants. Especially chemical/metal-composite modification significantly increased catalysis of biochar. The review's main focus is to underline biochar efficiency for the abatement of emerging antibiotic pollutants. Moreover, to relate feedstock, production conditions, and engineering techniques with biochar properties. Also, modification strategies are reviewed to obtain biochar or their composites before examining improved remediation potential ranging from 20 to 552 mg g-1 for various antibiotics. Biochar offers different interactions depending on the surface functionalities e.g., π-π stacking, electrostatic, H-bonding, etc. Biochar and related composites have also been reviewed for remarkable properties e.g., photocatalysis, adsorption, and oxidation processes. Furthermore, future research directions and opportunities for biochar research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Katiyar
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shashikant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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17
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Jindal M, Kumar A, Kaur R, Chandra Sekhar Palla V, Bhaskar T. Flash hydropyrolysis of cotton stalks: Role of temperature, metal loading, pressure for enhancement of aromatics. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:127047. [PMID: 35337994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydropyrolysis of underutilized cotton stalks with catalytic upgradation was examined at different temperatures (500 to 800 °C) in the presence of nickel impregnated HY-zeolite (Ni/HY) catalysts using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The effects of different metal loading (10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%) and its size were investigated to understand their impact on product distribution, mainly aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons increased with an increase in metal content and optimum metal loading was 20 wt%. The pyrolysis temperature and hydrogen pressure had significant effect on product distribution. Aromatic hydrocarbon area% increased from 1.5% to 48% with an increase in temperature from 500 to 800 °C in non-catalytic hydropyrolysis. Aromatic hydrocarbon area% reached 75.5% with 20 wt% Ni/HY at 10 bar H2 pressure at 800 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Jindal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR -Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR -Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Venkata Chandra Sekhar Palla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR -Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR -Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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18
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Kumar A, Biswas B, Kaur R, Rawat S, Krishna BB, Kumbhar P, Pal S, Padmanabhan S, Bhaskar T. Oxidative catalytic valorization of industrial lignin into phenolics: Effect of reaction parameters and metal oxides. Bioresour Technol 2022; 352:127032. [PMID: 35351570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative depolymerization of an industrial lignin was performed to study the effect of various metal oxides in oxygen and air atmosphere. CeO2 exhibited excellent catalytic property, and promoted the production of bio-oil yield up to a maximum of 49 wt% in 10 bar O2, whereas 31 wt% bio-oil was noticed in atmospheric air. GC-MS analysis of bio-oil showed that high selectivity towards acetosyringone was observed in the presence of air (70.5 area%) as compared to oxygen (48.1 area%). Herein, we have also applied transitional metals (Co, Mn and Cu) doped CeO2 catalysts. Compared to Cu and Mn, Co metal showed efficient activity that promoted the breaking of labile β-O-4 linkages via the conversion of Cα-OH in to carbonyl group in atmospheric air resulting in the formation of acetosyringone up to 78 area%. Moreover, it exhibited excellent catalytic activity up to four successive cycles. Catalyst has been characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shivam Rawat
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pramod Kumbhar
- Praj Industries Limited, Pune, Maharashtra 411042, India
| | - Siddhartha Pal
- Praj Industries Limited, Pune, Maharashtra 411042, India
| | | | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Dasgupta D, Sidana A, Sarkar B, More S, Ghosh D, Bhaskar T, Ray A. Process development for crystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass by Pichia caribbica. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Suman SK, Malhotra M, Kurmi AK, Narani A, Bhaskar T, Ghosh S, Jain SL. Jute sticks biomass delignification through laccase-mediator system for enhanced saccharification and sustainable release of fermentable sugar. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131687. [PMID: 34343919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jute sticks obtained after the extraction of jute fiber are an excellent biomass feedstock with a significant amount of carbohydrates that makes it an attractive resource for sustainable energy generation. However, the high lignin content in the jute stick hinders the cellulosic component of the cell wall from enzymatic hydrolysis.This work demonstrates the lignin degradation of jute stick biomass by Trametes maxima laccase in the presence of mediator Hydroxybenzotriazole and improvement in its subsequent saccharification. Lignin component in jute stick is reduced by 21.8% in a single reaction treatment with laccase-mediator compared to the untreated jute stick sample used as control. The yield of fermentable sugar is increased by 19.5% that verifies enhanced saccharification after lignin removal. Delignification of jute stick was corroborated through different analytical techniques. The Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results further confirms abundance of S lignin unit in the jute stick compared to the H and G unit and modification in lignin polymer as a change in the syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio. Hence, this work demonstrates that jute stick can be effectively delignified using biocatalyst-mediator system and utilized as biomass source, thus contributing in circular bio-economy through waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Suman
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manisha Malhotra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Kurmi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anand Narani
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology, Haridwar Highway, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suman Lata Jain
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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21
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Rawat S, Mishra RK, Bhaskar T. Biomass derived functional carbon materials for supercapacitor applications. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131961. [PMID: 34426294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar produced from the thermochemical conversion of biomass, provides a green and sustainable platform for the preparation of various functional carbon materials (porous carbon, heteroatom doped biochar, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, etc.) towards advanced application. Their preparation involves the physical as well as chemical activation of biochar or directly from the biomass. The inherent versatile physicochemical properties of these versatile materials have been explored for the construction of the electrochemical energy storage devices like supercapacitors. In the present review, the various methodologies for the preparation of various biomass-derived carbon materials are summarized. Further utilization of these materials in supercapacitor electrodes and the properties associated with their charge storage ability, along with associated challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rawat
- Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand (NITUK), Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Saini K, Sahoo A, Biswas B, Kumar A, Bhaskar T. Preparation and characterization of lignin-derived hard templated carbon(s): Statistical optimization and methyl orange adsorption isotherm studies. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:125924. [PMID: 34562713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lignin-derived zeolite templated carbon materials were fabricated to remove the organic contaminant, methyl orange. Response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the adsorption parameters. Based on Box-Behnken design, a quadratic model was developed to correlate the adsorption variables with the response, removal efficiency. Analysis of variance revealed the adsorbent dosage as the most influential adsorption variable. Lignin derived ZSM-5 (PZ) and mordenite (PM) templated carbon materials exhibited high surface area; 476.0 and 716.0 m2/g respectively. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of PZ and PM for methyl orange was 514.0 and 225.0 mg/g, respectively. The experimental kinetic data best fitted to pseudo-second-order model for both the adsorbents. PZ adsorbent was also utilized to treat real wastewater containing dyes and achieved 40 % methyl orange removal efficiency. Adsorption thermodynamic study revealed the process as spontaneous, exothermic and also indicated the increment in entropy after adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Saini
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi (IITD), New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo Catalytic Process Area (TPA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India.
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Kumar A, Biswas B, Kaur R, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Hydrothermal oxidative valorisation of lignin into functional chemicals: A review. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:126016. [PMID: 34582987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a waste by-product of bio-refineries and paper-pulp industries. It has an attractive potential to produce numerous valuable chemicals due to its highly aromatic character. At present, large amount of lignin is burnt as a source of energy due to lack of suitable efficient lignin valorisation processes. The challenge exists in handling its complex heterogeneous structure and bond breaking at selective locations. The production of high value chemicals/petrochemical feedstocks will improve the economic viability of a bio-refinery. Oxidative depolymerization is a promising way to produce functional compounds from lignin. The aim of the current review is to present the novel methodologies currently used in the area of lignin oxidative depolymerization including effect of temperature, residence time, solvent, oxidizing agents, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis etc. It aims to present an insight into the structure of lignin and its breakdown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sahoo A, Saini K, Jindal M, Bhaskar T, Pant KK. Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: Status and perspectives. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:125948. [PMID: 34571330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) effectively converts biomass to biofuels, thereby limiting the endless reliance on petroleum products derived from fossil fuels. However, the conversion is based on individual feedstock in the HTL process. In order to, further boost the conversion, HTL can be done by blending various feedstock, mainly algal and lignocellulosic biomass. Bibliometric analysis was carried out, and it was observed that there have been very few studies on Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction (Co-HTL). There still exist several crucial gaps in process optimization when co-reactants are used due to their synergistic effects. The reaction kinetics and mechanism, catalyst screening and by-products application require further studies. Therefore, R&D is necessary to optimize the process to completely utilize the complementarity of the feedstocks under study resulting in better quality of products which require minor/ no upgradation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meenu Jindal
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Banerjee A, Vithusha T, Krishna BB, Kumar J, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Pyrolysis of de-oiled yeast biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol 2021; 340:125534. [PMID: 34325397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural resources has highlighted the need to search for unutilized carbon resource that satisfy the demand and pose a minor threat to the environment. Yeast is a microbe with large industrial applications, and the biomass leftover after fermentation needs utilization for achieving increased efficiency. De-oiled yeast biomass (DYB), the residue after yeast lipid extraction, has not yet been evaluated for its potential application in the pyrolysis process. The present study was performed to understand its detailed pyrolysis kinetics. The observed activation energy (87-216 KJ/mol), random nucleation mechanism, pre-exponential factor (7.87 × 1031-3.24 × 1031/min), and thermodynamic profile showed the DYB pyrolysis process to be feasible. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - T Vithusha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India.
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Banerjee A, Bansal N, Kumar J, Bhaskar T, Ray A, Ghosh D. Characterization of the de-oiled yeast biomass for plausible value mapping in a biorefinery perspective. Bioresour Technol 2021; 337:125422. [PMID: 34186333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast fermentation process has gained attention for yeast single cell oil production. However, after lipid extraction, the leftover de-oiled yeast biomass has not been investigated in detail for its suitability for thermochemical conversion. To understand the structural and morphological changes, the comparative characterization of yeast and de-oiled yeast biomass before and post lipid extraction is necessary. The present study investigates the characteristics of an oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32's de-oiled biomass for its potential utilization. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, XRF, and TGA analysis were performed to understand the biomass properties. Increased surface area and structural changes were observed in de-oiled yeast biomass with an increase in crystallinity, indicating chitosan availability. Maximum thermal degradation temperature was reduced to 260 °C for de-oiled yeast biomass from 300 °C for dried yeast after lipid extraction. The findings favored de-oiled yeast biomass for multiple applications that merit further detailed investigation with different thermochemical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Neha Bansal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Anjan Ray
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 210002, India.
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Biswas B, Kumar A, Kaur R, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of alkali lignin over activated bio-char supported bimetallic catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2021; 337:125439. [PMID: 34320735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based support catalysts are beneficial on account of low material cost, prominent surface area, and stability at high temperature. In this study, biochar derived activated carbon (AC) supported metal catalysts were tested for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of alkali lignin. Catalytic HTL of alkali lignin was carried out at various temperatures (260 to 300 °C) with varying catalysts quantity (5 to 20 wt%), and solvents (water, ethanol, methanol) for 15 min reaction time. As the reaction temperature increased from 260 to 300 °C, conversion increased from 76.2 to 85.5 wt%. Bimetallic catalyst Ni-Co/AC with ethanol solvent system at 280 °C gave highest bio-oil yield (72.0 wt%). Lignin catalytic depolymerization produces monomer phenolic compounds due to efficient breaking of the lignin macromolecule. Thus, the presence of catalyst and solvent increased the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds resulting in increased selectivity towards vanillin (32.3-36.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Annamalai J, Ummalyma SB, Pandey A, Bhaskar T. Recent trends in microbial nanoparticle synthesis and potential application in environmental technology: a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:49362-49382. [PMID: 34331227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial technology comprising environment in various aspects of pollution monitoring, treatment of pollutants, and energy generation has been put forth by the researchers worldwide in an eco-friendly manner. During the past few decades, this revolution has pronounced microbial cells in green nanotechnology, extending the scope, efficiency, and investment capita at research institutes, industries, and global markets. In the present review, initially, the source for the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles will be discussed involving bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, microalgae, and viruses. Further, the mechanism and bio-components of microbial cells such as enzymes, proteins, peptides, amino-acids, exopolysaccharides, and others involved in the bio-reduction of metal ions to corresponding metal nanoparticles will be emphasized. The biosynthesized nanoparticles physicochemical properties and bio-reduction methods' advantages compared with synthetic methods will be detailed. To understand the suitability of biosynthesized nanoparticles in a wide range of applications, an overview of its blend of medicine, agriculture, and electronics will be discussed. This will be geared up with its applications specific to environmental aspects such as bioremediation, wastewater treatment, green-energy production, and pollution monitoring. Towards the end of the review, nano-waste management and limitations, i.e., void gaps that tend to impede the application of biosynthesized nanoparticles and microbial-based nanoparticles' prospects, will be deliberated. Thus, the review would claim to be worthy of unwrapping microorganisms sustainability in the emerging field of green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Annamalai
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), An Autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Sahoo A, Kumar S, Kumar J, Bhaskar T. A detailed assessment of pyrolysis kinetics of invasive lignocellulosic biomasses (Prosopis juliflora and Lantana camara) by thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol 2021; 319:124060. [PMID: 32949829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis of two invasive weeds Prosopis juliflora (PJ) and Lantana camara (LC) are carried out by pyrolysis under dynamic conditions (20 to 900 °C) at different heating rates 5, 10, 20 and 40 °C/min. Gross calorific values of PJ and LC are estimated to 18.2 and 18.92 MJ/kg respectively. Activation energy obtained by FRM, M-FRM, KAS, OFW, STR, NL-INT, NL-DIF methods are 157.56, 151.24, 140.86, 143.39, 140.74, 141.19, 157.59 kJ/mol for PJ and 169.98, 167.67, 149.39, 151.51, 149.23, 149.70, 169.98 kJ/mol for LC respectively. Kinetic compensation effects were well fitted with the experimental data, which provided the value of the pre-exponential factor. To identify the appropriate reaction mechanism, the Popescu and Master-plot methods are employed. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) are also determined by NL-INT, NL-DIF, and M-FRM methods. Results of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters confirm the suitability of PJ and LC invasive weeds as potential biomasses for pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Energy Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India; Centre of Excellence - Green and Efficient Energy Technology (CoE-GEET), Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India.
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Deyi Hou
- Tsinghua University, School of Environment, 1 Qinghuanyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India.
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, UK Biochar Research Centre, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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31
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Sailwal M, Das AJ, Gazara RK, Dasgupta D, Bhaskar T, Hazra S, Ghosh D. Connecting the dots: Advances in modern metabolomics and its application in yeast system. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Ruan
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Haiping Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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33
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Shahabuddin M, Alam MT, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T, Perkins G. A review on the production of renewable aviation fuels from the gasification of biomass and residual wastes. Bioresour Technol 2020; 312:123596. [PMID: 32507633 PMCID: PMC7255753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the production of renewable aviation fuels from biomass and residual wastes using gasification followed by syngas conditioning and Fischer-Tropsch catalytic synthesis. The challenges involved with gasifying wastes are discussed along with a summary of conventional and emerging gasification technologies. The techniques for conditioning syngas including removal of particulate matter, tars, sulphur, carbon dioxide, compounds of nitrogen, chlorine and alkali metals are reported. Recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, such as new catalyst formulations are described alongside reactor technologies for producing renewable aviation fuels. The energy efficiency and capital cost of converting biomass and residual wastes to aviation fuels are major barriers to widespread adoption. Therefore, further development of advanced technologies will be critical for the aviation industry to achieve their stated greenhouse gas reduction targets by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahabuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Md Tanvir Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Greg Perkins
- Martin Parry Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Panda R, Jadhao PR, Pant KK, Naik SN, Bhaskar T. Eco-friendly recovery of metals from waste mobile printed circuit boards using low temperature roasting. J Hazard Mater 2020; 395:122642. [PMID: 32325341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The substantial growth of electronic waste (e-waste) in recent years has become a serious threat to environment. However, there is an excellent opportunity to recover and reuse metals present in e-waste, which eventually leads to conservation of natural resources for future generation. A greener and sustainable approach for the recovery of metals from electronic waste is the need of the hour. In this study, thermal decomposition of printed circuit boards (PCBs) was carried out in presence of nitrogen for conversion of polymers into oil and combustible gases. The metal rich pyrolysis residue was roasted in presence of ammonia chloride as chlorinating agent to recover metals. The effect of roasting parameters on the metal recovery investigated in temperature range of 200 °C to 325 °C for 1 h to 5 h while the NH4Cl dosage varied from 1 g/g to 4 g/g. Under the optimized roasting conditions, around 93% Cu, 100% Ni, 100% Zn, and 100% Pb were recovered at temperature of 300 °C, time of 4 h and NH4Cl dose of 3 g/g. The present process provides an eco-friendly solution for the recovery of metals from e-waste, which are valuable and avoid pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdayal Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Ram Jadhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Satya Narayan Naik
- Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India
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Bansal N, Dasgupta D, Hazra S, Bhaskar T, Ray A, Ghosh D. Effect of utilization of crude glycerol as substrate on fatty acid composition of an oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32: Assessment of nutritional indices. Bioresour Technol 2020; 309:123330. [PMID: 32283485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the use of crude glycerol obtained from biodiesel industry as substrate to generate yeast lipid from Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 MTCC 25056. Crude glycerol is a low value by product obtained from biodiesel industry. Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 MTCC 25056 was evaluated for its potential to produce lipid using crude glycerol as sole source of carbon. Under nitrogen limiting condition a lipid and biomass content of 5.6 g/L and19.7 g/L were obtained from crude glycerol. The fatty acid profile was found to be interestingly rich in oleic acid (61.88%), linoleic acid (16.17%) and linolenic acid (1.03%) comprising ~80% of MUFA and PUFA of total lipid. Further, evaluations were attempted to compare MUFA rich yeast lipid against different plant-borne edible oils commonly used in India. In this study, nutritional indices were calculated to check feasibility of using yeast oil as a plausible blend to edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bansal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Anjan Ray
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India.
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Kumar A, Saini K, Bhaskar T. Hydochar and biochar: Production, physicochemical properties and techno-economic analysis. Bioresour Technol 2020; 310:123442. [PMID: 32362429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of natural, abundant, and renewable resources for the production of carbon materials with simple and energy-efficient processes is an upsurge interest. The production processes and resultant biochar can address widespread concerns such as climate change, energy crisis, and environmental pollution. The properties of produced chars (biochar/hydrochar) depend on the production methods, feedstock, and operating parameters, which significantly affect their use for various applications. In this review, production, physiochemical properties, and techno-economic analysis of chars are summarized. This review provides the fundamentals and reaction mechanism of char production methodologies. Physicochemical properties based on chemical composition, functional groups, structure, porosity, and shapes have been compared. The effects of operating parameters on the physicochemical properties of chars are discussed. In addition, this review offers insights on new directions for char production and research in the future, based on the updated and detailed investigation of energy balance with economy of char production methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India.
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Rene ER, Bhaskar T, Sang BI, Khanal SK, Pandey A. Innovations in environmental bioprocesses for sustainable development. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:27169-27171. [PMID: 32350831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eldon R Rene
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'I at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
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Banerjee A, Sharma T, Nautiyal AK, Dasgupta D, Hazra S, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Scale-up strategy for yeast single cell oil production for Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 from corn cob derived pentosan. Bioresour Technol 2020; 309:123329. [PMID: 32315915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to strategically scale-up the yeast lipid production process using Reynolds number as a standard rheological parameter from 50 mL to 50 L scale. Oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 was cultivated in xylose rich corncob hydrolysate. The fermentation process for growth and maturation was operated in fed-batch with two different C/N ratios of 40 and 60. The hydrodynamic parameters were used to standardize and represent the effect of rheology on the fermentation process. The growth pattern of the yeast was found similar in both shake flask and fermenter with the maximum growth observed at 48 h. The lipid yield increased from 0.4 g/L and 0.5 g/L to 1.3 g/L and 1.83 g/L for 50 mL to 50 L for C/N ratio 40 and 60 respectively. The increase in productivity during the growth phase and lipid accumulation during the maturation phase showed that the scale-up strategy was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Abhilek K Nautiyal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India.
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Kumar A, Kumar J, Bhaskar T. High surface area biochar from Sargassum tenerrimum as potential catalyst support for selective phenol hydrogenation. Environ Res 2020; 186:109533. [PMID: 32334171 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a biomass-derived carbon-rich, highly porous, and renewable material, which can be used as catalyst support. In this study, high surface area biochar is prepared from Sargassum tenerrimum dry seaweed (SDSW) by the chemical activation method. The effect of variations in experimental conditions (KOH amount, carbonization temperature, activation time, and heating rate) on the physicochemical properties of activated biochar was investigated. Optimum activated carbon (SDSW-ABC) has been used as catalyst support for the preparation of Ni and Co based catalyst. Prepared catalyst (NiCo/SDSW-ABC) was characterized using BET, TGA, XRD, TPD, TPR, and TEM. Catalytic activity of NiCo/SDSW-ABC was evaluated for phenol hydrogenation at a wide range of temperatures (60-140 °C), hydrogen pressures (3-7 MPa), and reaction times (2-8 h) in various polar solvents. The catalyst demonstrated selective phenol conversion (≥99.9%) to cyclohexanol (≥99.9%) at 5 MPa, 100 °C, and 4 h in isopropanol. NiCo/SDW-ABC also explored for hydrogenation of few other lignin model compounds with different functionalities to evaluate the applicability of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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Biswas B, Kumar A, Fernandes AC, Saini K, Negi S, Muraleedharan UD, Bhaskar T. Solid base catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae: Effects of process parameter on product yield and characterization. Bioresour Technol 2020; 307:123232. [PMID: 32234594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Sargassum tenerrimum (ST) macroalgae was carried out for 15 min, over various solid base catalysts (CaO supported on CeO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2) at different reaction temperatures (260-300 °C), different catalyst quantities (5-25 wt%) and using different solvent systems. Maximum bio-oil (BO) yields for the non-catalytic HTL with single solvent water, ethanol, and water-ethanol co-solvent were 3.3 wt%, 23.3 wt%, and 32.0 wt%, respectively, at 280 °C. Ethanol as single solvent elicited highest BO yield of 25.2 wt% with CaO/ZrO2 (10.0 wt%) catalyst. However, the highest BO yield (33.0 wt%) accompanied by higher conversion (70.5%) was obtained with CaO/ZrO2 (10.0 wt%) under water-ethanol co-solvent. The selectively higher percentage of ester functional compounds (87.8%) was found with CaO/ZrO2 catalyst under water-ethanol co-solvent. Also, the bio-oil obtained from catalytic liquefaction showed a higher high heating value (HHV) compared to that from the non-catalytic HTL reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Komal Saini
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Negi
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | | | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Jain L, Kurmi AK, Kumar A, Narani A, Bhaskar T, Agrawal D. Exploring the flexibility of cellulase cocktail obtained from mutant UV-8 of Talaromyces verruculosus IIPC 324 in depolymerising multiple agro-industrial lignocellulosic feedstocks. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:538-544. [PMID: 32194122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective management and the valorization of agro-industrial lignocellulosic feedstocks can only be realized if a versatile cellulase cocktail is developed that can release glucose at affordable cost irrespective of biomass type. In the present study the flexibility of using cellulase cocktail obtained from mutant UV-8 of Talaromyces verruculosus IIPC 324 in depolymerizing multiple agro-industrial lignocellulosic feedstocks was explored. Five different dilute acid pretreated biomasses were evaluated and cellulase loading was done at 25 mg protein/g cellulose content. After 72 h of hydrolysis at 55 °C and pH 4.5, corn cob and rice straw emerged as the easiest and toughest substrates with saccharification yield of 83.9 ± 1.17 and 35.5 ± 1.16% respectively from their cellulose fraction. Addition of PEG 6000 could retain >65% of all mono-component enzymes present in cellulase cocktail. Structural elucidation of biomasses gave an insight about key features responsible for variable recalcitrance in the different agro-industrial feedstock. Cellulose hydrolysis showed a significant negative correlation in the order of Cr I > S/G ratio > ash content. The chemical composition of lignin had a major impact on enzyme-lignin interactions. Higher H lignin content and lower S/G ratio promoted enzyme desorption, thereby increasing the likelihood of their recycling and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavika Jain
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Kurmi
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anand Narani
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Materials Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Kumar A, Saini K, Bhaskar T. Advances in design strategies for preparation of biochar based catalytic system for production of high value chemicals. Bioresour Technol 2020; 299:122564. [PMID: 31879059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide the comprehensive and mechanistic information of biochar based catalytic systems for the production of fuels and fine chemicals with a concept of integrated biorefinery. The review presents an in-depth assessment of relationships between physico-chemical properties and catalytic performances of biochar based catalytic systems during the production of targeted compounds at the molecular/fundamental level. The catalytic performance of the biochar is associated with its unique physico-chemical properties (surface area/surface functionality/pores/mechanical strength/inorganic species) which provide a distinct catalytic route. The review also discusses the preparation methods and significance of the activation process for tuning of physico-chemical properties of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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Kumar A, Biswas B, Bhaskar T. Effect of cobalt on titania, ceria and zirconia oxide supported catalysts on the oxidative depolymerization of prot and alkali lignin. Bioresour Technol 2020; 299:122589. [PMID: 31865149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The production of phenolics by oxidative depolymerization of prot lignin and alkali lignin were studied in the presence of cobalt impregnated TiO2, CeO2 and ZrO2 catalysts at 140 °C for 1 h. Maximum bio-oil yield of 78.0 and 60.2 wt% were observed with Co/CeO2 catalyst for prot lignin and alkali lignin, respectively. The characterizations of the bio-oils were carried out using GC-MS, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The GC-MS compounds have been classified into four categories (G, H, S-type and others). The depolymerization of prot lignin showed a mixture of G, H and S type phenolic monomers. Interestingly, higher selectivity of acetosyringone (47.1%) was obtained in the presence of Co/TiO2 catalyst with prot lignin. The depolymerization of alkali lignin exhibited only G-type phenolic monomers production, and was effectively produced 67.4% (G-type monomer) in the presence of Co/ZrO2 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Shahabuddin M, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T, Perkins G. Advances in the thermo-chemical production of hydrogen from biomass and residual wastes: Summary of recent techno-economic analyses. Bioresour Technol 2020; 299:122557. [PMID: 31918971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article outlines the prospects and challenges of hydrogen production from biomass and residual wastes, such as municipal solid waste. Recent advances in gasification and pyrolysis followed by reforming are discussed. The review finds that the thermal efficiency of hydrogen from gasification is ~50%. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) from biomass varies from ~2.3-5.2 USD/kg at feedstock processing scales of 10 MWth to ~2.8-3.4 USD/kg at scales above 250 MWth. Preliminary estimates are that the LCOH from residual wastes could be in the range of ~1.4-4.8 USD/kg, depending upon the waste gate fee and project scale. The main barriers to development of waste to hydrogen projects include: waste pre-treatment, technology maturity, syngas conditioning, the market for clean hydrogen, policies to incentivize pioneer projects and technology competitiveness. The main opportunity is to produce low cost clean hydrogen, which is competitive with alternative production routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahabuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Greg Perkins
- Martin Parry Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Kumar J, Bhaskar T. Catalytic pyrolysis of soda lignin over zeolites using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121822. [PMID: 31352163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of soda lignin was examined at different temperatures (500,600,700,800 and 900 °C) in the presence of three zeolites with different Si/Al ratio using the Py-GC/MS in order to investigate best catalytic system. The three zeolites are y-zeolite (8-9), mordenite (15-17), ZSM-5 (30-40), which have static pore sizes 0.74, 0.65, and 0.59 nm respectively. The shape and acidity of zeolites, as well as pyrolysis temperature, have a significant effect on product distribution in catalytic fast pyrolysis. Y-zeolite was the most effective catalytic system among all catalysts for deomethoxylation and dehydroxylation of small oxygenates as well as bulky oxygenates to produce aromatics. However, mordenite and ZSM-5 could not convert the large oxygenates due to size exclusion and pore blockage. Highest yield of aromatics with significant amount of aromatic dimers was obtained over y-zeolite and then yield of aromatics followed in order by mordenite and ZSM-5 at 800 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India.
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Kaur R, Gera P, Jha MK, Bhaskar T. Optimization of process parameters for hydrothermal conversion of castor residue. Sci Total Environ 2019; 686:641-647. [PMID: 31189124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Castor plant (Ricinus communis) is a fast-growing shrub from Euphorbiaceae family. India ranks first in the world for the production of castor seeds. The generation of residue from its leaves and stems is more than 50% of the whole plant. This research work involves the estimation of the optimum condition for the production/value addition by hydrothermal liquefaction of castor residue using factorial design. Temperature (T) and residence time (RT) are the key parameters that affect the bio-oil yield. A 32 full factorial design was employed to understand the affects the bio-oil yield and conversion with key parameters. The key parameter and its interaction effects were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA); F-test and p-values were used to rank the process variable affecting the total bio-oil yield. It was observed that the temperature imparts significant effect on total bio-oil yield. The optimum conditions to obtain maximum total bio-oil yield are T = 300 °C and RT = 60 min. The statistical model was best fitted with high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9994 and 0.9473 for total bio-oil yield and conversion respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneeet Kaur
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India
| | | | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Puthiyamadam A, Adarsh VP, Mallapureddy KK, Mathew A, Kumar J, Yenumala SR, Bhaskar T, Ummalyama SB, Sahoo D, Sukumaran RK. Evaluation of a wet processing strategy for mixed phumdi biomass conversion to bioethanol. Bioresour Technol 2019; 289:121633. [PMID: 31248726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biorefineries typically use dry feedstock due to technical and logistic issues, but in unique cases where climatic conditions are unfavorable and where the biomass has to be processed without a holding time, wet processing might be advantageous. The present study evaluated the possibility of using the fresh (non-dried) mixed biomass harvested from Phumdis; which are floating vegetation unique to Loktak lake in Manipur, India, for bioethanol production. Pretreatment with dilute alkali (1.5% at 120 °C for 60 min) resulted in 36% lignin removal and an enhancement of cellulose content to 48% from 37%, and enzymatic hydrolysis released 25 g/L glucose. Fermentation of the hydrolysates was highly efficient at 95%, attained in 36 h and 80% in just 12 h. The new wet processing strategy could help in value addition of mixed phumdi biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Puthiyamadam
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Velayudhanpillai Prasannakumari Adarsh
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mallapureddy
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Anil Mathew
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Sudhakara Reddy Yenumala
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dehradun 248005, India
| | | | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
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Awasthi A, Singh G, Dhyani V, Kumar J, Reddy YS, Adarsh VP, Puthiyamadam A, Mullepureddy KK, Sukumaran RK, Ummalyma SB, Sahoo D, Bhaskar T. Co-pyrolysis of phumdi and para grass biomass from Loktak Lake. Bioresour Technol 2019; 285:121308. [PMID: 30959390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the pyrolysis of para grass (PG) and phumdi (PH) biomass samples was conducted in the temperature range of 300-500 °C to obtain the optimum temperature for obtaining the maximum yield of bio-oil. Further, co-pyrolysis experiments of PH and PG were also conducted at the same optimized temperature and varied compositions to investigate the synergistic effect. It was observed during the co-pyrolysis, that the maximum bio-oil yield of 37.80 wt% was obtained at the mass ratio of 1:1. The GC-MS, FT-IR and 1H NMR analysis revealed that the bio-oils produced from all the processes were rich in functionalities. Phenolic compounds such as 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, phenol, 2-methoxy, phenol 4-ethyl constituted a significant portion of bio-oils. The biochars obtained at the optimum pyrolytic conditions were analyzed by FT-IR and TOC analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Awasthi
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Gaje Singh
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Vaibhav Dhyani
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Yenumula Sudhakara Reddy
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - V P Adarsh
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Anoop Puthiyamadam
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mullepureddy
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok 737102, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Materials Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India.
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Awasthi A, Dhyani V, Biswas B, Kumar J, Bhaskar T. Production of phenolic compounds using waste coir pith: Estimation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Bioresour Technol 2019; 274:173-179. [PMID: 30504100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study illustrates the production of phenolic compounds via slow pyrolysis of coir pith biomass in a bench-scale reactor. The primary objective of the study is to optimize the pyrolysis conditions to maximize the yield of bio-oil and phenolic compounds. Up to 88.14% phenolic compounds were obtained in the organic fraction of the bio-oil obtained at 350 °C. The phenolic compounds thus extracted can be used for the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, which reduces the dependence on petroleum-based phenols for the manufacturing of resin. An independent kinetic analysis of the apparent pyrolysis reaction was also performed using thermogravimetry and isoconversional methodology. The calculated values of activation energy showed a variation from 28.41 to 200.09 kJ/mol, with the mean value being 140 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG) were subsequently evaluated at different conversions using the activation energy values obtained from the kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Awasthi
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Vaibhav Dhyani
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area (TPA), Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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