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Bolotin-Fukuhara M. Thirty years of the HAP2/3/4/5 complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:543-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lamas-Maceiras M, Singh BN, Hampsey M, Freire-Picos MA. Promoter-Terminator Gene Loops Affect Alternative 3'-End Processing in Yeast. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8960-8. [PMID: 26929407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotic genes undergo alternative 3'-end poly(A)-site selection producing transcript isoforms with 3'-UTRs of different lengths and post-transcriptional fates. Gene loops are dynamic structures that juxtapose the 3'-ends of genes with their promoters. Several functions have been attributed to looping, including memory of recent transcriptional activity and polarity of transcription initiation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gene loops and alternative poly(A)-site. Using the KlCYC1 gene of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, which includes a single promoter and two poly(A) sites separated by 394 nucleotides, we demonstrate in two yeast species the formation of alternative gene loops (L1 and L2) that juxtapose the KlCYC1 promoter with either proximal or distal 3'-end processing sites, resulting in the synthesis of short and long forms of KlCYC1 mRNA. Furthermore, synthesis of short and long mRNAs and formation of the L1 and L2 loops are growth phase-dependent. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the Ssu72 RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain phosphatase, a critical determinant of looping, peaks in early log phase at the proximal poly(A) site, but as growth phase advances, it extends to the distal site. These results define a cause-and-effect relationship between gene loops and alternative poly(A) site selection that responds to different physiological signals manifested by RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lamas-Maceiras
- From the Departamento de Biología Celular e Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain and
| | - Badri Nath Singh
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Michael Hampsey
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - María A Freire-Picos
- From the Departamento de Biología Celular e Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain and
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Lin Z, Wang TY, Tsai BS, Wu FT, Yu FJ, Tseng YJ, Sung HM, Li WH. Identifying cis-regulatory changes involved in the evolution of aerobic fermentation in yeasts. Genome Biol Evol 2013; 5:1065-78. [PMID: 23650209 PMCID: PMC3698916 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation change has long been recognized as an important mechanism for phenotypic evolution. We used the evolution of yeast aerobic fermentation as a model to explore how gene regulation has evolved and how this process has contributed to phenotypic evolution and adaptation. Most eukaryotes fully oxidize glucose to CO2 and H2O in mitochondria to maximize energy yield, whereas some yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its relatives, predominantly ferment glucose into ethanol even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as aerobic fermentation. We examined the genome-wide gene expression levels among 12 different yeasts and found that a group of genes involved in the mitochondrial respiration process showed the largest reduction in gene expression level during the evolution of aerobic fermentation. Our analysis revealed that the downregulation of these genes was significantly associated with massive loss of binding motifs of Cbf1p in the fermentative yeasts. Our experimental assays confirmed the binding of Cbf1p to the predicted motif and the activator role of Cbf1p. In summary, our study laid a foundation to unravel the long-time mystery about the genetic basis of evolution of aerobic fermentation, providing new insights into understanding the role of cis-regulatory changes in phenotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, USA
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Buschlen S, Amillet JM, Guiard B, Fournier A, Marcireau C, Bolotin-Fukuhara M. The S. Cerevisiae HAP complex, a key regulator of mitochondrial function, coordinates nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 4:37-46. [PMID: 18629096 PMCID: PMC2447382 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2002] [Accepted: 12/04/2002] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have compared Saccharomyces cerevisiae global gene expression in wild-type and mutants (Δhap2 and Δhap4) of the HAP transcriptional complex, which has been shown to be necessary for growth on respiratory substrates. Several hundred ORFs
are under positive or negative control of this complex and we analyse here in detail
the effect of HAP on mitochondria. We found that most of the genes upregulated
in the wild-type strain were involved in organelle functions, but practically none
of the downregulated ones. Nuclear genes encoding the different subunits of the
respiratory chain complexes figure in the genes more expressed in the wild-type than
in the mutants, as expected, but in this group we also found key components of
the mitochondrial translation apparatus. This control of mitochondrial translation
may be one of the means of coordinating mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression
in elaborating the respiratory chain. In addition, HAP controls the nuclear genes
involved in several other mitochondrial processes (import, mitochondrial division)
that define the metabolic state of the cell, but not mitochondrial DNA replication and
transcription. In most cases, a putative CCAAT-binding site is present upstream of the
ORF, while in others no such sites are present, suggesting the control to be indirect.
The large number of genes regulated by the HAP complex, as well as the fact that HAP
also regulates some putative transcriptional activators of unknown function, place this
complex at a hierarchically high position in the global transcriptional regulation of
the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buschlen
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, IGM, Batiment 400. Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Fang ZA, Wang GH, Chen AL, Li YF, Liu JP, Li YY, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bao WG. Gene responses to oxygen availability in Kluyveromyces lactis: an insight on the evolution of the oxygen-responding system in yeast. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7561. [PMID: 19855843 PMCID: PMC2763219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole-genome duplication (WGD) may provide a basis for the emergence of the very characteristic life style of Saccharomyces cerevisiae—its fermentation-oriented physiology and its capacity of growing in anaerobiosis. Indeed, we found an over-representation of oxygen-responding genes in the ohnologs of S. cerevisiae. Many of these duplicated genes are present as aerobic/hypoxic(anaerobic) pairs and form a specialized system responding to changing oxygen availability. HYP2/ANB1 and COX5A/COX5B are such gene pairs, and their unique orthologs in the ‘non-WGD’ Kluyveromyces lactis genome behaved like the aerobic versions of S. cerevisiae. ROX1 encodes a major oxygen-responding regulator in S. cerevisiae. The synteny, structural features and molecular function of putative KlROX1 were shown to be different from that of ROX1. The transition from the K. lactis-type ROX1 to the S. cerevisiae-type ROX1 could link up with the development of anaerobes in the yeast evolution. Bioinformatics and stochastic analyses of the Rox1p-binding site (YYYATTGTTCTC) in the upstream sequences of the S. cerevisiae Rox1p-mediated genes and of the K. lactis orthologs also indicated that K. lactis lacks the specific gene system responding to oxygen limiting environment, which is present in the ‘post-WGD’ genome of S. cerevisiae. These data suggested that the oxygen-responding system was born for the specialized physiology of S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-An Fang
- Université Paris Sud-11, CNRS UMR 8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Orsay, France
- Institute of Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Laboratoire Mathématiques Appliquées aux Systèmes, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ai-Lian Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - You-Fang Li
- Université Paris Sud-11, CNRS UMR 8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Orsay, France
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Institute of Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Li
- Institute of Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wei-Guo Bao
- Université Paris Sud-11, CNRS UMR 8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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Oxygen-dependent transcriptional regulator Hap1p limits glucose uptake by repressing the expression of the major glucose transporter gene RAG1 in Kluyveromyces lactis. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:1895-905. [PMID: 18806211 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00018-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The HAP1 (CYP1) gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to regulate the transcription of many genes in response to oxygen availability. This response varies according to yeast species, probably reflecting the specific nature of their oxidative metabolism. It is suspected that a difference in the interaction of Hap1p with its target genes may explain some of the species-related variation in oxygen responses. As opposed to the fermentative S. cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis is an aerobic yeast species which shows different oxygen responses. We examined the role of the HAP1-equivalent gene (KlHAP1) in K. lactis. KlHap1p showed a number of sequence features and some gene targets (such as KlCYC1) in common with its S. cerevisiae counterpart, and KlHAP1 was capable of complementing the hap1 mutation. However, the KlHAP1 disruptant showed temperature-sensitive growth on glucose, especially at low glucose concentrations. At normal temperature, 28 degrees C, the mutant grew well, the colony size being even greater than that of the wild type. The most striking observation was that KlHap1p repressed the expression of the major glucose transporter gene RAG1 and reduced the glucose uptake rate. This suggested an involvement of KlHap1p in the regulation of glycolytic flux through the glucose transport system. The DeltaKlhap1 mutant showed an increased ability to produce ethanol during aerobic growth, indicating a possible transformation of its physiological property to Crabtree positivity or partial Crabtree positivity. Dual roles of KlHap1p in activating respiration and repressing fermentation may be seen as a basis of the Crabtree-negative physiology of K. lactis.
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Seoane S, Guiard B, Rodríguez-Torres AM, Freire-Picos MA. Effects of splitting alternative KlCYC1 3'-UTR regions on processing: metabolic consequences and biotechnological applications. J Biotechnol 2005; 118:149-56. [PMID: 15961177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the functionality of alternative 3'-UTR processing in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, recombinant forms of the KlCYC1 gene containing the proximal (1-713) or the distal (699-1194) 3'-UTR region (positions related to the TAA stop codon) were obtained. The cells expressing the gene with proximal 3'-UTR showed the same growth phenotype as the wild type. When the gene expressed only the distal region, a single transcript was generated and its expression was increased in late-growth phases. Cells expressing the alternative distal 3'-UTR region showed differences in their levels of cytochrome c biomass and ethanol production with respect to the wild type. The split 3'-UTR regions were also functional as separate processing units in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The importance of our results in recombinant gene expression applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Seoane
- Area de Bioquímica, Dpto de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira S/N, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Freire-Picos MA, Lombardía-Ferreira LJ, Ramil E, González-Domínguez M, Cerdán ME. The KlCYC1 gene, a downstream region for two differentially regulated transcripts. Yeast 2001; 18:1347-55. [PMID: 11571759 DOI: 10.1002/yea.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
KlCYC1 encodes for cytochrome c in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and is transcribed in two mRNAs with different 3'-processing points. This is an uncommon transcription mechanism in yeast mRNAs. The 3' sequence encompassing the whole region that is needed to produce both mRNAs is analysed. We have determined identical processing points in K.lactis and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells transformed with KlCYC1; positions 698 and 1092 (with respect to the TAA) are the major polyadenylation points. This shows that the cis-elements present in the KlCYC1 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) direct a processing mechanism that has been conserved in yeast. In K. lactis there is a high predominance of the shorter transcript (1.14 kb) only at the initial logarithmic growth phase. Interestingly, this growth phase-dependent regulation of 3'-UTR processing is lost when the gene is expressed in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Freire-Picos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de La Coruña, Campus de La Zapateira s/n, 15071-La Coruña, Spain.
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9
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Abstract
In the recent past, through advances in development of genetic tools, the budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has become a model system for studies on molecular physiology of so-called "Nonconventional Yeasts." The regulation of primary carbon metabolism in K. lactis differs markedly from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and reflects the dominance of respiration over fermentation typical for the majority of yeasts. The absence of aerobic ethanol formation in this class of yeasts represents a major advantage for the "cell factory" concept and large-scale production of heterologous proteins in K. lactis cells is being applied successfully. First insight into the molecular basis for the different regulatory strategies is beginning to emerge from comparative studies on S. cerevisiae and K. lactis. The absence of glucose repression of respiration, a high capacity of respiratory enzymes and a tight regulation of glucose uptake in K. lactis are key factors determining physiological differences to S. cerevisiae. A striking discrepancy exists between the conservation of regulatory factors and the lack of evidence for their functional significance in K. lactis. On the other hand, structurally conserved factors were identified in K. lactis in a new regulatory context. It seems that different physiological responses result from modified interactions of similar molecular modules.
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10
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González-Siso MI, Freire-Picos MA, Ramil E, González-Domínguez M, Cerdán ME. Respirofermentative metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis: Insights and perspectives. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 26:699-705. [PMID: 10862875 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts do not form a homogeneous group as far as energy-yielding metabolism is concerned and the fate of pyruvate, a glycolytic intermediate, determines the type of energy metabolism. Kluyveromyces lactis has become an alternative to the traditional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae owing to its industrial applications as well as to studies on mitochondrial respiration. In this review we summarize the current knowdeledge about the K. lactis respirofermentative metabolism, taking into account the respiratory capacity of this yeast and the molecular mechanisms controlling its regulation, giving an up-to-date picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- MI González-Siso
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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Alberti A, Goffrini P, Ferrero I, Lodi T. Cloning and characterization of the lactate-specific inducible gene KlCYB2, encoding the cytochrome b(2) of Kluyveromyces lactis. Yeast 2000; 16:657-65. [PMID: 10806428 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(200005)16:7<657::aid-yea560>3.0.co;2-%23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In yeast the utilization of lactate requires two enzymes, the D and L-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase (D and L-LCR), which stereospecifically oxidize D- and L-lactate to pyruvate. These enzymes are nuclearly encoded and localized in mitochondria. In the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, a mutant devoid of D- and L-LCR activities and unable to grow on racemic lactate was isolated. Transformation of the mutant with a K. lactis genomic library allowed the isolation of the KlCYB2 gene, restoring the growth on lactate and the L-LCR activity. The KlCYB2 gene and its flanking regions were sequenced (Accession No. AJ243324; EMBL/GenBank databases). The deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to the corresponding Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala protein sequences previously characterized. The homology is missed in the N-terminal region, corresponding to the presequence cleaved during import into mitochondria. Analysis of KlCYB2 gene expression indicated that, in contrast to S. cerevisiae, the major regulatory feature is induction by lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alberti
- Istituto di Genetica, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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12
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Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, this current awareness service is provided by John Wiley & Sons and contains newly-published material on yeasts. Each bibliography is divided into 10 sections. 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Biochemistry; 4 Biotechnology; 5 Cell Biology; 6 Gene Expression; 7 Genetics; 8 Physiology; 9 Medical Mycology; 10 Recombinant DNA Technology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. (4 weeks journals - search completed 16th Feb 2000)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alberti
- Istituto di Genetica, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Lamas-Maceiras M, Cerdán ME, Freire-Picos MA. Kluyveromyces lactis HIS4 transcriptional regulation: similarities and differences to Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 gene. FEBS Lett 1999; 458:72-6. [PMID: 10518937 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the Kluyveromyces lactis HIS4 (KlHIS4) gene promoter reveals relevant differences in comparison to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 homologous gene. Among them are the absence of a Rap1 binding site and the presence of only three putative Gcn4 binding consensus sites instead of the five described in the S. cerevisiae promoter. Since these factors are implicated in the general control, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the KlHIS4 gene under conditions of amino acid starvation and discovered that the mechanisms previously described for S. cerevisiae HIS4 regulation and related to general control are not functional in K. lactis. The expression analysis of the KlHIS4 gene under phosphate starvation or high adenine supply shows that factors, such as Bas1 or Bas2, involved in the basal control may also operate in a different way in K. lactis. Interestingly, and also in contrast to the HIS4 regulation in S. cerevisiae, we found domains for Nit2-like and yeast-Ap1-like binding sequences. Northern analyses showed transcriptional activation under ammonia starvation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamas-Maceiras
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de La Coruña, Spain
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Cho JY, Jeffries TW. Transcriptional control of ADH genes in the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2363-8. [PMID: 10347014 PMCID: PMC91349 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.6.2363-2368.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1998] [Accepted: 04/05/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression of the genes encoding group I alcohol dehydrogenases (PsADH1 and PsADH2) in the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis CBS 6054. The cells expressed PsADH1 approximately 10 times higher under oxygen-limited conditions than under fully aerobic conditions when cultivated on xylose. Transcripts of PsADH2 were not detectable under either aeration condition. We used a PsADH1::lacZ fusion to monitor PsADH1 expression and found that expression increased as oxygen decreased. The level of PsADH1 transcript was repressed about 10-fold in cells grown in the presence of heme under oxygen-limited conditions. Concomitantly with the induction of PsADH1, PsCYC1 expression was repressed. These results indicate that oxygen availability regulates PsADH1 expression and that regulation may be mediated by heme. The regulation of PsADH2 expression was also examined in other genetic backgrounds. Disruption of PsADH1 dramatically increased PsADH2 expression on nonfermentable carbon sources under fully aerobic conditions, indicating that the expression of PsADH2 is subject to feedback regulation under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Cho
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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15
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Trézéguet V, Zeman I, David C, Lauquin GJ, Kolarov J. Expression of the ADP/ATP carrier encoding genes in aerobic yeasts; phenotype of an ADP/ATP carrier deletion mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1410:229-36. [PMID: 10082789 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a key mitochondrial membrane component, the ADP/ATP carrier, was investigated in two aerobic yeast species, Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Although the two species differ very much in their respiratory capacity, the expression of the carrier in both yeast species was decreased under partially anaerobic conditions and was induced by nonfermentable carbon sources. The single ADP/ATP carrier encoding gene was deleted in S. pombe. The null mutant exhibits impaired growth properties, especially when cultivated at reduced oxygen tension, and is unable to grow on a nonfermentable carbon source. Our results suggest that the inability of K. lactis and S. pombe to grow under anaerobic conditions can be related in part to the absence of a functional ADP/ATP carrier due to repression of the corresponding gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trézéguet
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IBGC-CNRS, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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16
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Bourgarel D, Nguyen CC, Bolotin-Fukuhara M. HAP4, the glucose-repressed regulated subunit of the HAP transcriptional complex involved in the fermentation-respiration shift, has a functional homologue in the respiratory yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Mol Microbiol 1999; 31:1205-15. [PMID: 10096087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the heteromeric HAP transcription factor is necessary for optimal growth on respiratory carbon sources. One of its components, the Hap4p protein, is necessary for transcriptional activation. The same protein is also the regulatory part of the complex in response to carbon sources, as HAP4 is strongly induced during the shift from fermentative to respiratory metabolism in S. cerevisiae. We report here the characterization of a new gene from the respiratory yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, obtained by heterologous complementation of a delta hap4 S. cerevisiae mutant strain. The deduced sequence of the protein (643 amino acids) exhibits two small domains (11 and 16 amino acids respectively) highly homologous to corresponding domains of ScHap4p, while the overall similarity is rather weak. Additional experiments were performed to confirm the functional homology of this new gene with ScHAP4, which we named KIHAP4. The importance of the small highly conserved N-terminal sequence was confirmed by in vitro mutagenesis. All the mutations that interfere with the Hap4p-Hap2/3/5 interaction were localized in it. The discovery of the same regulatory protein in two metabolically distinct yeast species raises the question of its functional significance during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bourgarel
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie (URA 2225 du CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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17
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Abstract
The Kluyveromyces lactis HIS4 gene was cloned by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae his4 mutant. Sequence analysis revealed a 2388 bp open reading frame encoding a single polypeptide predicted to encompass three distinct enzymatic activities (phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase, phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase and histidinol dehydrogenase). This structural organization is strikingly similar to that of the His4 proteins from S. cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Transcript analysis detected a single mRNA species of 2.5 kb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Freire-Picos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Coruña, Spain
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18
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Abstract
The KlHEM1 gene from Kluyveromyces lactis encodes a functional 5-aminolevulinate synthase (deltaALA synthase), as confirmed by complementation of a hem1 mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, homology search, and detection of a 2.3 kb transcript. The gene is highly homologous to the ScHEM1 gene, and the sequence of the promoter region contains a complex combination of putative regulatory signals. Some of them are related to phospholipid biosynthesis, glycolytic metabolism, and regulation by carbon source. Transcription of KlHEM1 increased significantly in response to limited oxygen, and only slightly with the change from repressed (glucose) to derepressed conditions (glycerol). The deltaALA synthase from K. lactis contains, in the amino-terminal region, two heme-responsive elements that are not present in the protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M González-Domínguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de La Coruña, A. Coruña, Spain
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19
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González Siso M, Ramil E, Cerdán M, Freire-Picos M. Respirofermentative metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis: Ethanol production and the Crabtree effect. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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González Siso MI, Freire Picos MA, Cerdán ME. Reoxidation of the NADPH produced by the pentose phosphate pathway is necessary for the utilization of glucose by Kluyveromyces lactis rag2 mutants. FEBS Lett 1996; 387:7-10. [PMID: 8654569 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Kluyveromyces lactis mutants defective in the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase are able to grow in glucose media and to produce ethanol, but they depend on a functional respiratory chain and do not grow in glucose-antimycin media. We postulate that this is due to the necessity of reoxidizing, in the mitochondria, the NADPH produced by the pentose phosphate pathway, which may be highly active in these mutants in order to bypass the blockade in the phosphoglucose isomerase step. This oxidation would be mediated by a cytoplasmic-side mitochondrial NAD(P)H dehydrogenase that would pass the electrons to ubiquinone. Data supporting this hypothesis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I González Siso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Zapateira s/n, University of A Coruña, Spain
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