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Nistala R, Andresen BT, Pulakat L, Meuth A, Sinak C, Mandavia C, Thekkumkara T, Speth RC, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Angiotensin type 1 receptor resistance to blockade in the opossum proximal tubule cell due to variations in the binding pocket. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1105-13. [PMID: 23389452 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00127.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the angiotensin (ANG) II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is widely used in the treatment of hypertension. However, ARBs are variably effective in reducing blood pressure, likely due, in part, to polymorphisms in the ARB binding pocket of the AT(1)R. Therefore, we need a better understanding of variations/polymorphisms that alter binding of ARBs in heterogeneous patient populations. The opossum proximal tubule cell (OKP) line is commonly used in research to evaluate renal sodium handling and therefore blood pressure. Investigating this issue, we found natural sequence variations in the opossum AT(1)R paralleling those observed in the human AT(1)R. Therefore, we posited that these sequence variations may explain ARB resistance. We demonstrate that OKP cells express AT(1)R mRNA, bind (125)I-labeled ANG II, and exhibit ANG II-induced phosphorylation of Jak2. However, Jak2 phosphorylation is not inhibited by five different ARBs commonly used to treat hypertension. Additionally, nonradioactive ANG II competes (125)I-ANG II efficiently, whereas a 10-fold molar excess of olmesartan and the ANG II receptor type 2 blocker PD-123319 is unable to block (125)I-ANG II binding. In contrast, ANG II binding to OKP cells stably expressing rat AT(1A)Rs, which have a conserved AT(1)R-binding pocket with human AT(1)R, is efficiently inhibited by olmesartan. A novel observation was that resistance to ARB binding to opossum AT(1)Rs correlates with variations from the human receptor at positions 108, 163, 192, and 198 within the ARB-binding pocket. These observations highlight the potential utility of evaluating AT(1)R polymorphisms within the ARB-binding pocket in various hypertensive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Blakeney JS, Reid RC, Le GT, Fairlie DP. Nonpeptidic Ligands for Peptide-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2960-3041. [PMID: 17622179 DOI: 10.1021/cr050984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade S Blakeney
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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The Expedient and Regioselective Metalation of Unprotected Biphenyl-2-, -3-, and -4-carboxylic Acids. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Zoumpoulakis P, Daliani I, Zervou M, Kyrikou I, Siapi E, Lamprinidis G, Mikros E, Mavromoustakos T. Losartan's molecular basis of interaction with membranes and AT1 receptor. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 125:13-25. [PMID: 14625072 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(03)00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical methods were used to study the thermal and dynamic changes caused by losartan in the membrane bilayers. In addition, molecular modeling was implemented to explore its topography both in membranes and AT(1) receptor. Its incorporation resulted in the modification of thermal profile of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers in a concentration dependent way up to 20mol% as it is depicted from the combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and MAS data. In particular, the presence of losartan caused lowering of the phase transition temperature and abolishment of the pretransition. T(1) experiments revealed the location of the drug into the membrane bilayers. The use of a combination of biophysical methods along with docking experiments brought out a possible two-step mechanism which involves incorporation of losartan at the interface of membrane bilayers and diffusion in the upper parts of AT(1) receptor helices IV-VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
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Leroux F. Atropisomerism, Biphenyls, and Fluorine: A Comparison of Rotational Barriers and Twist Angles. Chembiochem 2004; 5:644-9. [PMID: 15122636 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leroux
- Laboratoire de Stéréochimie associé au CNRS (UMR 7008), Université Louis Pasteur (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Tilly D, Samanta SS, Faigl F, Mortier J. Combined directed ortho metalation—intramolecular Friedel–Crafts connections. Regiospecific route to 1-substituted fluoren-9-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Polevaya L, Mavromoustakos T, Zoumboulakis P, Golic Grdadolnik S, Roumelioti P, Giatas N, Mutule I, Keivish T, Vlahakos DV, Iliodromitis EK, Kremastinos DT, Matsoukas J. Synthesis and study of a cyclic angiotensin II antagonist analogue reveals the role of pi*--pi* interactions in the C-terminal aromatic residue for agonist activity and its structure resemblance with AT(1) non-peptide antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1639-47. [PMID: 11408184 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel amide linked Angiotensin II (ANG II) cyclic analogue cyclo(3, 5) -[Sar(1)-Lys(3)-Glu(5)-Ile(8)] ANG II (18) has been designed, synthesized and bioassayed in anesthetized rabbits. The constrained cyclic analogue with a lactam amide bridge linking a Lys-Glu pair at positions 3 and 5 and possessing Ile at position 8, was synthesized by solution procedure using the maximum protection strategy. This analogue was found to be inhibitor of Angiotensin II. NMR spectroscopy coupled with computational analysis showed clustering between the side chains of the key aminoacids Tyr(4)-His(6)-Ile(8) similar to that observed with ANG II. The obtained data show that only pi*--pi* interactions observed in ANG II or its superagonist Sar(1) [ANG II] are missing. Therefore, it can be concluded that these interactions are essential for agonist activity. Conformational analysis comparisons between AT(1) antagonists losartan, eprosartan and irbesartan with C-terminal segment of cyclic compound 18 revealed structural similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Polevaya
- Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
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Sandberg K, Ji H. Comparative analysis of amphibian and mammalian angiotensin receptors. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 128:53-75. [PMID: 11137439 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian angiotensin receptors (xAT receptors) share many similarities with mammalian type 1 angiotensin receptors (AT(1) receptors). Both xAT and AT(1) receptors belong to the super family of seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors and share approximately 60% amino acid homology. Highly stable secondary structure in the 5' leader sequences and the presence of the mRNA destabilizing sequence (AUUUA) in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the xAT and AT(1) receptor mRNAs suggest similar mechanisms exist for regulating gene expression. Amphibian and mammalian AT receptors bind angiotensin with equivalent affinities but show marked differences in their affinities towards mammalian AT(1) receptor subtype selective non-peptide ligands. Both xAT and AT(1) receptors couple to G proteins and to the phospholipase C (PLC) signal transduction pathway. Mammalian AT(1) receptors play a key role in maintaining blood pressure and fluid homeostasis and there is considerable evidence that xAT receptors play a similarly important role in amphibians. This review focuses on the comparison of amphibian xAT receptors with mammalian AT(1) receptors in terms of their structure, pharmacology, signaling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandberg
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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De Witt BJ, Garrison EA, Champion HC, Kadowitz PJ. L-163,491 is a partial angiotensin AT(1) receptor agonist in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 404:213-9. [PMID: 10980281 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Responses to the nonpeptide angiotensin II agonist 5, 7-Dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-[[2'-([butyloxycarbonyl) aminosulfonyl]-5'-(3-methyoxybenzyl)-[1, 1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (L-163,491) were investigated and compared with responses to angiotensin II, angiotensin IV and norepinephrine in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat under constant-flow conditions. Injections of L-163,491 into the hindquarter perfusion circuit caused dose-related increases in hindquarters perfusion pressure. In relative terms, angiotensin II was more potent than norepinephrine, which was more potent than angiotensin IV and L-163,491 in increasing hindlimb vascular resistance. The slope of the dose-response curve for L-163,491 was flat, while the apparent affinity of the compound for angiotensin AT(1) receptors was slightly greater than angiotensin IV. Responses to L-163,491 were inhibited by the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist DuP 532 (2-propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl-1-[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)bipheny l-4-yl)me thyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid) and were not altered by the angiotensin AT(2) receptor antagonist PD123,319 (S(+)-1-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl]methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl+ ++) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid ditribluoroacetate). However, the increase in hindlimb perfusion pressure in response to angiotensin II and angiotensin IV was significantly decreased following injection of L-163,491. These data suggest that the nonpeptide angiotensin analog L-163,491 has partial agonist activity, which is dependent on the stimulation of angiotensin AT(1) receptors in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J De Witt
- Department of Pharmacology SL83, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptors form a large and diverse multi-gene superfamily with many important physiological functions. As such, they have become important targets in pharmaceutical research. Molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis have played an important role in our increasing understanding of the structural basis of drug action at these receptors. Aspects of this understanding, how these techniques can be used within a drug-design programme, and remaining challenges for the future are reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
- Drug Design
- GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Structure
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Angiotensin/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/classification
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Flower
- Department of Physical Sciences, ASTRA Charnwood, Bakewell Rd, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
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Dascal D, Nirula V, Lawus K, Yoo SE, Walsh TF, Sandberg K. Shared determinants of receptor binding for subtype selective, and dual endothelin-angiotensin antagonists on the AT1 angiotensin II receptor. FEBS Lett 1998; 423:15-8. [PMID: 9506833 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Site-directed interspecies amino acid exchange was used to compare the binding determinants of a novel dual endothelial-angiotensin receptor ligand, L-746,072, with type-1 angiotensin receptor (AT1) selective antagonists on AT receptors expressed in COS cells. These studies suggest that residues on AT receptors which are non-conserved between amphibian and mammalian species play a greater role in subtype selective ligand recognition than for dual receptor ligands. These data also support the hypothesis that a common non-peptide binding site exists within transmembrane domains on peptidergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dascal
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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